Production of chicken fat ethyl esters via optomized protocols with dry washing by silica gel

References

• Ali, L. H., and A. B. Fadhil. 2013. Biodiesel production from spent frying oil of fish via alkali catalyzed transesterification. Energy Sources, Part A 35:564–73.
   Google Scholar
• Alptekin, E., and M. Canakci. 2010. Optimization of pretreatment reaction for methyl ester production from chicken fat. Fuel 89:4036–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altikriti, E.T., A. B. Fadhil, and M. M. Dheyab 2015. Two -step base catalyzed transesterifcation of chicken fat : Optimization of parameters. Energy Sources, Part A 37:1861–1866.
   Google Scholar
• Anastopoulos, G., Y. Zannikou, S. Stournas, and S. Kalligeros. 2009. Transesterification of vegetable oils with ethanol and characterization of the key fuel properties of ethyl esters. Energies 2:362–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awad, S., M. Paraschiv, E. V. Geo, and M. Tazerout, 2014. Effect of free Fatty acids and short chain alcohols on conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel. International Journal of Green Energy 11(5):441–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrios, M., and R. L. Skelton. 2008. Comparison of purification methods for biodiesel. Chemical Engineering Journal 144:459–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindhu, C. H., J. R. C. Reddy, B. V. S. K. Rao, T. Ravinder, P. P. Chakrabarti, M. S. I. Karuna, and R. B. N. Prasad. 2012. Properties and evaluation of biodiesel from Sterculiafoetida seed oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 89: 891–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirbas, A. 2008. Relationships derived from physical properties of vegetable oil and biodiesel fuels. Fuel 87:1743–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirbas, A. 2009. Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels. Energy Convers Manage 50:14–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ejikeme, P. M., I. D. Anyaogu, C. A. C. Egbuonu, and V. C. Eze. 2013. Pig-fat (Lard) derivatives as alternative diesel fuel incompression ignition engines. Journal of Petroleum Technology and Alternative. Fuels 4(1):7–11.
   Google Scholar
• Fadhil, A. B. 2013a. Biodiesel production from Beef tallow waste using alkali-catalyzed Transesterification. AJSE 38:41–7.
   Google Scholar
• Fadhil, A. B. 2013b. Optimization of transesterification parameters of melon seed oil. International Journal of Green Energy 10(7):763–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadhil, A. B. and A. I. Ahmed. 2016. Ethanolysis of fish oil via optimized protocol and purification by dry washing of crude ethyl esters. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem Eng. 71–83. doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2015.06.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadhil, A. B, A. M. Aziz, and M. H. Altamer. 2016a. Biodiesel production from Silybum marianum L. seed oil with high FFA content using sulfonated carbon catalyst for esterification and base catalyst for transesterification. Energy Convers. Manage. 108:255–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadhil, A. B., A. M. Aziz, and Altamer. 2016b. Potassium acetate supported on activated carbon for transesterification of new non-edible oil, bitter almond oil. Fuel 170:130-40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadhil, A. B, E. T. Al-Tikrity, and M. A. Albadree. 2015. Transesterification of a novel feedstock, Cyprinus carpio fish oil: influence of co-solvent and characterization of biodiesel. Fuel1 62:215–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadhil, A. B. and L. I. Saeed. 2016. Sulfonated tea waste: A low-cost adsorbent for purification of biodiesel. Journal of Green Energy 13(1):110–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadhil, A. B. and L. H. Ali. 2013. Alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of Silurus triostegus Heckel fish oil: Optimization of transesterification parameters. Renewable Energy 60:481–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadhil, A. B. and M. M. Dheyab. 2015. Purification of biodiesel fuels produced from spent frying oils over activated carbons. Energy Sources, Part A 37:149–55.
   Google Scholar
• Fadhil, A. B., M. M. Dheyab, L. A. Saleh. 2014. Conversion of fish oil into biodiesel fuels via acid-base catalyzed transesterification. Energy Sources, Part A 36:1571–77.
   Google Scholar
• Feddern, Jr., A. C. V., C. De Pr Marina, M. H. Martha, G. de A. Paulo, and ArleiColdebella. 2013. Synthesis and characterization of ethylic biodiesel from animal fat wastes. Fuel 105:228–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzatto, R., D. Defferrari, Q. B. Reiznautt, I. R.Cadore, D. and Samios. 2012. Transesterification double step process modification for ethyl ester biodiesel production from vegetable and waste oils. Fuel 92:197–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C. Y, and R. J. Li. 2009. Fuel properties of biodiesel produced from the crude fish oil from the soapstock of marine fish. Fuel Processing Technology 90:130–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendow, G., Veizaga, N. S., and C. A. Querini. 2011. Ethyl ester production by homogeneous alkaline transesterification: Influence of the Catalyst. Bioresource Technology 102:6385–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Predojevic, Z. J. 2008. The production of biodiesel from waste frying oils: A comparison of different purification steps. Fuel 87:3522–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özcanl, M., K. Keskin, and K. Aydın. 2011. Biodiesel production from Terebinth (Pistacia Terebinthus) oil and its usage in diesel engine. International Journal of Green Energy 8(5):518–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadia, H., M. Ahmad, M. Zafar, S. Sultana, A. Azam, and M. A. Khan. 2013. Variables effecting the optimization of non edible wild safflower oil biodiesel using alkali catalyzed transesterification. International Journal of Green Energy 10(1):53–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvam, D., J. Panneer, and K. Vadivel. 2013. An experimental investigation on performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with methyl esters of waste pork lard and diesel blends. International Journal of Green Energy 10(9):90–923.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silitonga, A. S., H. C. Ong, H. H. Masjuki, T. M. I. Mahlia, W. T. Chong, and T. F. Yusaf. 2013. Production of biodiesel from Sterculiafoetida and its process Optimization. Fuel 111:478–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha, S., A. K. Agarwal, and S. Garg. 2009. Biodiesel development from rice bran oil: Transesterification process optimization and fuel characterization. Energy Conversion and Management 49:1248–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suppalakpanya, K., S. B. Ratanawilai, and C. Tongurai. 2010. Production of ethyl ester from crude palm oil by two-step reaction with a microwave system. Fuel 89:2140–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyatta, V. T., M. A. Hessa, R. O. Dunnb, T. G. Fogliaa, M. J. Haasa, and W. N. Marmera. 2005. Fuel properties and nitrogen oxide emission levels of biodiesel produced from animal fats. JAOCS 82(8):585–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar