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Research in Sports Medicine
An International Journal
Volume 24, 2016 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Does oral buffered sodium supplementation reduce nausea and vomiting during an ultramarathon?

Martin D. HoffmanDepartment of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, and University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USACorrespondence[email protected]
&
Kristin J. StuempfleHealth Sciences Department, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, USA
Pages 94-103 | Received 21 Nov 2014, Accepted 06 Apr 2015, Published online: 11 Mar 2016

REFERENCES

  • Baska, R. S., Moses, F. M., Graeber, G., & Kearney, G. (1990). Gastrointestinal bleeding during an ultramarathon. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 35(2), 276–279.
  • Glace, B., Murphy, C., & McHugh, M. (2002). Food and fluid intake and disturbances in gastrointestinal and mental function during an ultramarathon. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 12(4), 414–427.
  • Hoffman, M. D., & Fogard, K. (2011). Factors related to successful completion of a 161-km ultramarathon. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(1), 25–37.
  • Hoffman, M. D., Ingwerson, J. L., Rogers, I. R., Stuempfle, K. J., & Hew-Butler, T. (2012). Increasing creatine phosphokinase concentration at the 161-km Western States Endurance Run. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 23(1), 56–60.
  • Hoffman, M. D., & Stuempfle, K. J. (2014). Hydration strategies, weight change and performance in a 161 km ultramarathon. Research in Sports Medicine, 22(3), 213–225.
  • Hoffman, M. D., Stuempfle, K. J., Rogers, I. R., Weschler, L. B., & Hew-Butler, T. (2011). Hyponatremia in the 2009 161-km Western States Endurance Run. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(1), 6–10.
  • Hoffman, M. D., Stuempfle, K. J., Sullivan, K., & Weiss, R. H. (2015). Exercise-associated hyponatremia with exertional rhabdomyolysis: Importance of proper treatment. Clinical Nephrology, 83(4), 235–242.
  • Hoffman, M. D., & Wegelin, J. A. (2009). The Western States 100-Mile Endurance Run: Participation and performance trends. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(12), 2191–2198.
  • McGowan, V., & Hoffman, M. D. (2015). Characterization of medical care at the 161-km Western States Endurance Run. Wilderness and Environmental, 26(1), 29–35.
  • Noakes, T. D., Sharwood, K., Speedy, D., Hew, T., Reid, S., Dugas, J. … Weschler, L. (2005). Three independent biological mechanisms cause exercise-associated hyponatremia: Evidence from 2,135 weighed competitive athletic performances. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(51), 18550–18555.
  • Parise, C., & Hoffman, M. D. (2011). Influence of temperature and performance level on pacing a 161-km trail ultramarathon. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(2), 243–251.
  • Powell, B. (2013, January 2). Nagging nausea. Trail Runner Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.trailrunnermag.com/health/race-day-nutrition/489-nagging-nausea
  • Rehrer, N., Brouns, F., Beckers, E., Frey, W., Villiger, B., Riddoch, C. … Saris, W. (1992). Physiological changes and gastro-intestinal symptoms as a result of ultra-endurance running. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 64(1), 1–8.
  • Stuempfle, K. J., & Hoffman, M. D. (2015). Gastrointestinal distress is common during a 161-km ultramarathon. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(17), 1814–1821.
  • Stuempfle, K. J., Hoffman, M. D., & Hew-Butler, T. (2013). Association of gastrointestinal distress in ultramarathoners with race diet. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 23(2), 103–109.
  • Winger, J. M., Hoffman, M. D., Hew-Butler, T. D., Stuempfle, K. J., Dugas, J. P., Fogard, K., & Dugas, L. R. (2013). The effect of physiology and hydration beliefs on race behavior and postrace sodium in 161-km ultramarathon finishers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8(5), 536–541.

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