Publication Cover
Research in Sports Medicine
An International Journal
Volume 28, 2020 - Issue 2
446
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Running effects on cognition and plasticity (ReCaP): study protocol of a longitudinal examination of multimodal adaptations of marathon running

, , , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 241-255 | Received 26 Mar 2019, Accepted 19 Jul 2019, Published online: 25 Jul 2019

References

  • Arfanakis, K., Fleischman, D. A., Grisot, G., Barth, C. M., Varentsova, A., Morris, M. C., … Bennett, D. A. (2013). Systemic inflammation in non-demented elderly human subjects: Brain microstructure and cognition. PloS One, 8(8), e73107.
  • Barton, W., Penney, N. C., Cronin, O., Garcia-Perez, I., Molloy, M. G., Holmes, E., … O’Sullivan, O. (2017). The microbiome of professional athletes differs from that of more sedentary subjects in composition and particularly at the functional metabolic level. Gut. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313627
  • Benton, D. (2001). The impact of the supply of glucose to the brain on mood and memory. Nutrition Reviews, 59(1 Pt 2), S20–1.
  • Bisbal, F., & Mont, L. (2012). Arrhythmias in the athlete. Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie, 23(2), 76–81.
  • Brown, J., Cooper-Kuhn, C. M., Kempermann, G., van Praag, H., Winkler, J., Gage, F. H., & Kuhn, H. G. (2003). Enriched environment and physical activity stimulate hippocampal but not olfactory bulb neurogenesis. The European Journal of Neuroscience, 17(10), 2042–2046.
  • Buchman, A. S., Boyle, P. A., Yu, L., Shah, R. C., Wilson, R. S., & Bennett, D. A. (2012). Total daily physical activity and the risk of AD and cognitive decline in older adults. Neurology, 78(17), 1323–1329.
  • Bullitt, E., Zeng, D., Mortamet, B., Ghosh, A., Aylward, S. R., Lin, W., … Smith, K. (2010). The effects of healthy aging on intracerebral blood vessels visualized by magnetic resonance angiography. Neurobiology of Aging, 31(2), 290–300.
  • Cass, S. P. (2017). Alzheimer’s disease and exercise: A literature review. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 16(1), 19–22.
  • Cabrera de Léon, A., Rodríguez-Pérez, M. D. C., Rodríguez-Benjumeda, L. M., Anía-Lafuente, B., Brito-Díaz, B., de Fuentes, M. M., … Aguirre-Jaime, A. (2007). Sedentarismo: Tiempo de ocio activo frente a porcentaje del gasto energético [Sedentary lifestyle: Physical activity duration versus percentage of energy expenditure]. Revista Espanola De Cardiologia, 60(3), 244–250.
  • Chieffi, S., Messina, G., Villano, I., Messina, A., Esposito, M., Monda, V., … Monda, M. (2017). Exercise influence on hippocampal function: Possible involvement of orexin-A. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 85.
  • Cirillo, J., Lavender, A. P., Ridding, M. C., & Semmler, J. G. (2009). Motor cortex plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is enhanced in physically active individuals. The Journal of Physiology, 587(Pt 24), 5831–5842.
  • Corrado, D., Basso, C., Pavei, A., Michieli, P., Schiavon, M., & Thiene, G. (2006). Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA, 296(13), 1593–1601.
  • Da Ponte, A., Giovanelli, N., Antonutto, G., Nigris, D., Curcio, F., Cortese, P., & Lazzer, S. (2018). Changes in cardiac and muscle biomarkers following an uphill-only marathon. Research in Sports Medicine (print), 26(1), 100–111.
  • Daskalopoulou, C., Stubbs, B., Kralj, C., Koukounari, A., Prince, M., & Prina, A. M. (2017). Physical activity and healthy ageing: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. Ageing Research Reviews, 38, 6–17.
  • Di Lazzaro, V., Oliviero, A., Profice, P., Saturno, E., Pilato, F., Insola, A., … Rothwell, J. C. (1998). Comparison of descending volleys evoked by transcranial magnetic and electric stimulation in conscious humans. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 109(5), 397–401.
  • Dimeo, F., Pagonas, N., Seibert, F., Arndt, R., Zidek, W., & Westhoff, T. H. (2012). Aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure in resistant hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979), 60(3), 653–658.
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191.
  • Firth, J., Stubbs, B., Rosenbaum, S., Vancampfort, D., Malchow, B., Schuch, F., … Yung, A. R. (2017). Aerobic exercise improves cognitive functioning in people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(3), 546–556.
  • Gareau, M. G. (2014). Microbiota-gut-brain axis and cognitive function. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 817, 357–371.
  • Grabs, V., Nieman, D. C., Haller, B., Halle, M., & Scherr, J. (2014). The effects of oral hydrolytic enzymes and flavonoids on inflammatory markers and coagulation after marathon running: Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation, 6(1), 8.
  • Hamer, M., & Chida, Y. (2009). Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: A systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychological Medicine, 39(1), 3–11.
  • Hoffman, M. D., & Krouse, R. (2018). Ultra-obligatory running among ultramarathon runners. Research in Sports Medicine (print), 26(2), 211–221.
  • Honzák, R., Brodan, V., Frouz, J., Veselková, A., & Potůcek, J. (1985). Changes in the EEG spectrum at a two-week intensive endurance training. Activitas Nervosa Superior, 27(1), 10–14.
  • Hu, G., Tuomilehto, J., Silventoinen, K., Barengo, N. C., Peltonen, M., & Jousilahti, P. (2005). The effects of physical activity and body mass index on cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality among 47 212 middle-aged Finnish men and women. International Journal of Obesity (2005), 29(8), 894–902.
  • Hubbard, L. D., Brothers, R. J., King, W. N., Clegg, L. X., Klein, R., Cooper, L. S., … Cai, J. (1999). Methods for evaluation of retinal microvascular abnormalities associated with hypertension/sclerosis in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Ophthalmology, 106(12), 2269–2280.
  • Hurdiel, R., Riedy, S. M., Millet, G. P., Mauvieux, B., Pezé, T., Elsworth-Edelsten, C., … Dupont, G. (2018). Cognitive performance and self-reported sleepiness are modulated by time-of-day during a mountain ultramarathon. Research in Sports Medicine (print), 26(4), 482–489.
  • Idorn, M., & Thor Straten, P. (2017). Exercise and cancer: From “healthy” to “therapeutic”? Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy: CII, 66(5), 667–671.
  • Ivy, J. L. (1997). Role of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sports Medicine (auckland, N.Z.), 24(5), 321–336.
  • Jung, C., Fritzenwanger, M., Lauten, A., Figulla, H. R., & Ferrari, M. (2010). Messung der Mikrozirkulation im kardiogenen Schock [Evaluation of microcirculation in cardiogenic shock]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 135(3), 80–83.
  • Kim, J. H., Malhotra, R., Chiampas, G., d’Hemecourt, P., Troyanos, C., Cianca, J., … Baggish, A. L. (2012). Cardiac arrest during long-distance running races. The New England Journal of Medicine, 366(2), 130–140.
  • Knechtle, B., & Nikolaidis, P. T. (2018). Sex- and age-related differences in half-marathon performance and competitiveness in the world’s largest half-marathon - The GöteborgsVarvet. Research in Sports Medicine (print), 26(1), 75–85.
  • Kröger, K., Lehmann, N., Rappaport, L., Perrey, M., Sorokin, A., Budde, T., … Möhlenkamp, S. (2011). Carotid and peripheral atherosclerosis in male marathon runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(7), 1142–1147.
  • Krogh, J., Nordentoft, M., Sterne, J. A. C., & Lawlor, D. A. (2011). The effect of exercise in clinically depressed adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(4), 529–538.
  • Kujirai, T., Caramia, M. D., Rothwell, J. C., Day, B. L., Thompson, P. D., Ferbert, A., … Marsden, C. D. (1993). Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex. The Journal of Physiology, 471, 501–519.
  • Lang, R. M., Badano, L. P., Mor-Avi, V., Afilalo, J., Armstrong, A., Ernande, L., … Voigt, J.-U. (2015). Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 28(1), 1–39.e14.
  • Larson, E. B., Wang, L., Bowen, J. D., McCormick, W. C., Teri, L., Crane, P., & Kukull, W. (2006). Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older. Annals of Internal Medicine, 144(2), 73–81.
  • Laurent, S., Cockcroft, J., van Bortel, L., Boutouyrie, P., Giannattasio, C., Hayoz, D., … Struijker-Boudier, H. (2006). Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: Methodological issues and clinical applications. European Heart Journal, 27(21), 2588–2605.
  • Li, X., Lyu, P., Ren, Y., An, J., & Dong, Y. (2017). Arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 380, 1–10.
  • Maron, B. J., & Pelliccia, A. (2006). The heart of trained athletes: Cardiac remodeling and the risks of sports, including sudden death. Circulation, 114(15), 1633–1644.
  • Müller, J., Dahm, V., Lorenz, E. S., Pressler, A., Haller, B., Grabs, V., … Scherr, J. (2017). Changes of intima-media thickness in marathon runners: A mid-term follow-up. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 24(12), 1336–1342.
  • Myers, J., Kaykha, A., George, S., Abella, J., Zaheer, N., Lear, S., … Froelicher, V. (2004). Fitness versus physical activity patterns in predicting mortality in men. The American Journal of Medicine, 117(12), 912–918.
  • Naqvi, T. Z., & Lee, M.-S. (2014). Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in cardiovascular risk assessment. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging, 7(10), 1025–1038.
  • Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2000). Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. The Journal of Physiology, 527(Pt 3), 633–639.
  • Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2001). Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans. Neurology, 57(10), 1899–1901.
  • Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2011). Transcranial direct current stimulation–Update 2011. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 29(6), 463–492.
  • Onete, V., Henry, R. M., Sep, S. J. S., Koster, A., van der Kallen, C. J., Dagnelie, P. C., … Schram, M. T. (2017). Arterial stiffness is associated with depression in middle-aged men - The Maastricht study. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience: JPN, 42(6), 160246.
  • Pascual-Marqui, R. D. (2002). Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): Technical details. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 24(Suppl D), 5–12.
  • Pereira, A. C., Huddleston, D. E., Brickman, A. M., Sosunov, A. A., Hen, R., McKhann, G. M., … Small, S. A. (2007). An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(13), 5638–5643.
  • Praet, S. F. E., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2009). Exercise therapy in type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetologica, 46(4), 263–278.
  • Pressler, A., Hanssen, H., Dimitrova, M., Krumm, M., Halle, M., & Scherr, J. (2011). Acute and chronic effects of marathon running on the retinal microcirculation. Atherosclerosis, 219(2), 864–868.
  • Pressler, A., Suchy, C., Friedrichs, T., Dallinger, S., Grabs, V., Haller, B., … Scherr, J. (2017). Running multiple marathons is not a risk factor for premature subclinical vascular impairment. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 24(12), 1328–1335.
  • Rojas Vega, S., Strüder, H. K., Vera Wahrmann, B., Schmidt, A., Bloch, W., & Hollmann, W. (2006). Acute BDNF and cortisol response to low intensity exercise and following ramp incremental exercise to exhaustion in humans. Brain Research, 1121(1), 59–65.
  • Romero, S. A., Minson, C. T., & Halliwill, J. R. (2017). The cardiovascular system after exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology (bethesda, Md.: 1985), 122(4), 925–932.
  • Ross, E. Z., Middleton, N., Shave, R., George, K., & Nowicky, A. (2007). Corticomotor excitability contributes to neuromuscular fatigue following marathon running in man. Experimental Physiology, 92(2), 417–426.
  • Scherr, J., Braun, S., Schuster, T., Hartmann, C., Moehlenkamp, S., Wolfarth, B., … Halle, M. (2011). 72-h kinetics of high-sensitive troponin T and inflammatory markers after marathon. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(10), 1819–1827.
  • Scherr, J., Nieman, D. C., Schuster, T., Habermann, J., Rank, M., Braun, S., … Halle, M. (2012). Nonalcoholic beer reduces inflammation and incidence of respiratory tract illness. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(1), 18–26.
  • Schnohr, P., O’Keefe, J. H., Marott, J. L., Lange, P., & Jensen, G. B. (2015). Dose of jogging and long-term mortality: The Copenhagen city heart study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 65(5), 411–419.
  • Sedaghat-Hamedani, F., Kayvanpour, E., Frankenstein, L., Mereles, D., Amr, A., Buss, S., … Meder, B. (2015). Biomarker changes after strenuous exercise can mimic pulmonary embolism and cardiac injury–A metaanalysis of 45 studies. Clinical Chemistry, 61(10), 1246–1255.
  • Serino, M., Blasco-Baque, V., Nicolas, S., & Burcelin, R. (2014). Far from the eyes, close to the heart: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and cardiovascular consequences. Current Cardiology Reports, 16(11), 540.
  • Silvestrini, M., Pasqualetti, P., Baruffaldi, R., Bartolini, M., Handouk, Y., Matteis, M., … Vernieri, F. (2006). Cerebrovascular reactivity and cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer disease. Stroke, 37(4), 1010–1015.
  • Treff, G., Winkert, K., Sareban, M., Steinacker, J. M., Becker, M., & Sperlich, B. (2017). Eleven-week preparation involving polarized intensity distribution is not superior to pyramidal distribution in national elite rowers. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 515.
  • van Praag, H., Christie, B. R., Sejnowski, T. J., & Gage, F. H. (1999). Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96(23), 13427–13431.
  • Vlachopoulos, C., Kardara, D., Anastasakis, A., Baou, K., Terentes-Printzios, D., Tousoulis, D., & Stefanadis, C. (2010). Arterial stiffness and wave reflections in marathon runners. American Journal of Hypertension, 23(9), 974–979.
  • Voight, A. M., Roberts, W. O., Lunos, S., & Chow, L. S. (2011). Pre- and postmarathon training habits of nonelite runners. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 2, 13–18.
  • Voss, M. W., Vivar, C., Kramer, A. F., & van Praag, H. (2013). Bridging animal and human models of exercise-induced brain plasticity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(10), 525–544.
  • Walker, J., Calkins, H., & Nazarian, S. (2010). Evaluation of cardiac arrhythmia among athletes. The American Journal of Medicine, 123(12), 1075–1081.
  • Yao, J., Song, Q., Zhang, K., Hong, Y., Li, W., Mao, D., … Li, J. X. (2018). The effect of Tai Chi practice on brain white matter structure: A diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study. Research in Sports Medicine (print), 1–10. doi:10.1080/15438627.2018.1502184
  • Zanchi, D., Viallon, M., Le Goff, C., Millet, G. P., Giardini, G., Croisille, P., & Haller, S. (2016). Extreme mountain ultra-marathon leads to acute but transient increase in cerebral water diffusivity and plasma biomarkers levels changes. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, 664.
  • Zheng, G., Xia, R., Zhou, W., Tao, J., & Chen, L. (2016). Aerobic exercise ameliorates cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50, 1443–1450.
  • Ziemann, U. (2004). TMS induced plasticity in human cortex. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 15(4), 253–266.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.