References
- Ansdell, P., Brownstein, C. G., Škarabot, J., Hicks, K. M., Howatson, G., Thomas, K., Hunter, S. K., & Goodall, S. (2019). Sex differences in fatigability and recovery relative to the intensity–duration relationship. The Journal of Physiology, 597(23), 5577–5595. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1113/JP278699
- Arts, I., Schelhaas, J., Verrijp, K., Zwarts, M., Overeem, S., van der Laak, J., Lammens, M., & Pillen, S. (2012). Intramuscular fibrous tissue determines muscle echo intensity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle & Nerve, 45(3), 453–454. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.22330
- Bali, A. U., Harmon, K. K., Burton, A. M., Phan, D. C., Mercer, N. E., Lawless, N. W., & Stock, M. S. (2020). Muscle strength, not age, explains unique variance in echo intensity. Experimental Gerontology, 139, 111047. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.111047
- Boonstra, T. W., Daffertshofer, A., van Ditshuizen, J. C., van den Heuvel, M. R. C., Hofman, C., Willigenburg, N. W., & Beek, P. J. (2008). Fatigue-related changes in motor-unit synchronization of quadriceps muscles within and across legs. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18(5), 717–731. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.03.005
- Dankel, S., Abe, T., Bell, Z., Jessee, M., Buckner, S., Mattocks, K., Mouser, G., & Loenneke. (2018). The impact of ultrasound probe tilt on muscle thickness and echo-intensity: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 2020 Oct-Dec;23(4), 630–638. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2018.10.003
- Gerstner, G. R., Giuliani, H. K., Mota, J. A., & Ryan, E. D. (2018). Influence of muscle quality on the differences in strength from slow to fast velocities in career firefighters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(10), 2982–2986. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002743
- Haizlip, K. M., Harrison, B. C., & Leinwand, L. A. (2015). Sex-based differences in skeletal muscle kinetics and fiber-type composition. Physiology, 30(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00024.2014
- Hill, E. C., Housh, T. J., Keller, J. L., Smith, C. M., Schmidt, R. J., & Johnson, G. O. (2018). Early phase adaptations in muscle strength and hypertrophy as a result of low-intensity blood flow restriction resistance training. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(9), 1831–1843. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3918-8
- Hunter, S. K. (2016). The relevance of sex differences in performance fatigability. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(11), 2247–2256. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000928
- Jaric, S., Mirkov, D., & Markovic, G. (2005). Normalizing physical performance tests for body size: A proposal for standardization. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 467–474. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/R-15064.1
- Jenkins, N., Miller, J., Buckner, S., Cochrane, K., Bergstrom, H., Hill, E., Housh, T., & Cramer, J. (2015). Test–retest reliability of single transverse versus panoramic ultrasound imaging for muscle size and echo intensity of the Biceps Brachii. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 41(6), 1584–1591. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.01.017
- Keller, J. L., Housh, T. J., Anders, J. P. V., Schmidt, R. J., & Johnson, G. O. (2020). Anchor scheme, intensity, and time to task failure do not influence performance fatigability or changes in neuromuscular responses following bilateral leg extensions. Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline, 23(4), 119–134.
- Keller, J. L., Housh, T. J., Hill, E. C., Smith, C. M., Schmidt, R. J., & Johnson, G. O. (2019). The effects of Shilajit supplementation on fatigue-induced decreases in muscular strength and serum hydroxyproline levels. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 16(1), 3. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-019-0270-2
- Longo, S., Coratella, G., Rampichini, S., Borrelli, M., Scurati, R., Limonta, E., Cè, E., & Esposito, F. (2020). Local fat content and muscle quality measured by a new electrical impedance myography device: Correlations with ultrasound variables. European Journal of Sport Science, 2020 Apr 26, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1751306
- Mangine, G. T., Redd, M. J., Gonzalez, A. M., Townsend, J. R., Wells, A. J., Jajtner, A. R., Beyer, K. S., Boone, C. H., Monica, M. B. L., Stout, J. R., Fukuda, D. H., Ratamess, N. A., & Hoffman, J. R. (2018). Resistance training does not induce uniform adaptations to quadriceps. Plos One, 13(8), e0198304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198304
- Mota, J. A., Giuliani, H. K., Gerstner, G. R., & Ryan, E. D. (2018). The rate of velocity development associates with muscle echo intensity, but not muscle cross-sectional area in older men. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 30(7), 861–865. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-017-0829-1
- Mota, J. A., & Stock, M. S. (2017). Rectus Femoris Echo intensity correlates with muscle strength, but not endurance, in younger and older men. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 43(8), 1651–1657. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.04.010
- Oda, S., & Moritani, T. (1995). Movement-related cortical potentials during handgrip contractions with special reference to force and electromyogram bilateral deficit. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 72(1–2), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00964106
- Oranchuk, D. J., Stock, M. S., Nelson, A. R., Storey, A. G., & Cronin, J. B. (2020). Variability of regional quadriceps echo intensity in active young men with and without subcutaneous fat correction. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 45(7), 745–752. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2019-0601
- Rech, A., Radaelli, R., Goltz, F. R., da Rosa, L. H. T., Schneider, C. D., & Pinto, R. S. (2014). Echo intensity is negatively associated with functional capacity in older women. Age, 36(5), 9708. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-014-9708-2
- Roberts, B. M., Nuckols, G., & Krieger, J. W. (2020). Sex differences in resistance training: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(5), 1448–1460. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003521
- Rossman, M. J., Garten, R. S., Venturelli, M., Amann, M., & Richardson, R. S. (2014). The role of active muscle mass in determining the magnitude of peripheral fatigue during dynamic exercise. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 306(12), R934–R940. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00043.2014
- Song, J. S., Abe, T., Bell, Z. W., Wong, V., Spitz, R. W., Yamada, Y., & Loenneke, J. P. (2020). The relationship between muscle size and strength does not depend on echo intensity in healthy young adults. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 2020 Sep 18, S1094-6950(20)30116-5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2020.09.002
- Stock, M., Whitson, M., Burton, A., Nicole, D., Sobolewski, E., & Thompson, B. (2018). Echo intensity versus muscle function correlations in older adults are influenced by subcutaneous fat thickness. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 44(8), 1597–1605. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.04.009
- Tarnopolsky, M. (2008). Sex differences in exercise metabolism and the role of 17-beta estradiol. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(4), 648–654. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31816212ff
- Trappe, S., Gallagher, P., Harber, M., Carrithers, J., Fluckey, J., & Trappe, T. (2003). Single muscle fibre contractile properties in young and old men and women. The Journal of Physiology, 552(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2003.044966
- Wang, L., Yin, L., Zhao, Y., Su, Y., Sun, W., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Yang, M., Yu, A., Guglielmi, G., Blake, G., Cheng, X., Wu, X., Veldhuis-Vlug, A., & Engelke, K. (2020). Muscle density, but not size, correlates well with muscle strength and physical performance. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2020 Aug 5, S1525-8610(20)30574-0. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.052
- Weir, J. P. (2005). Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 231–240. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1519/15184.1
- Wong, V., Spitz, R. W., Bell, Z. W., Viana, R. B., Chatakondi, R. N., Abe, T., & Loenneke, J. P. (2020). Exercise induced changes in echo intensity within the muscle: A brief review. Journal of Ultrasound, 23(4), 457–472. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-019-00424-y
- Yamada, M., Kimura, Y., Ishiyama, D., Nishio, N., Otobe, Y., Tanaka, T., Ohji, S., Koyama, S., Sato, A., Suzuki, M., Ogawa, H., Ichikawa, T., Ito, D., & Arai, H. (2019). Synergistic effect of bodyweight resistance exercise and protein supplementation on skeletal muscle in sarcopenic or dynapenic older adults. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 19(5), 429–437. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13643
- Yoshiko, A., Tomita, A., Ando, R., Ogawa, M., Kondo, S., Saito, A., Tanaka, N. I., Koike, T., Oshida, Y., & Akima, H. (2018). Effects of 10-week walking and walking with home-based resistance training on muscle quality, muscle size, and physical functional tests in healthy older individuals. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 15(1), 13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-018-0201-2
- Young, H.-J., Jenkins, N. T., Zhao, Q., & Mccully, K. K. (2015). Measurement of intramuscular fat by muscle echo intensity. Muscle & Nerve, 52(6), 963–971. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.24656