Polypropylene Composites with Biochars from Miscanthus and Tomato Biomass – Part I: Thermal and Structural Properties

References

• Andrzejewski, J., J. Aniśko, and J. Szulc. 2022. “A Comparative Study of Biocarbon Reinforced Polyoxymethylene and Polyamide: Materials Performance and Durability.” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 152 (January): 106715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106715.
   Google Scholar
• Anstey, A., S. Vivekanandhan, A. Rodriguez-Uribe, M. Misra, and A. K. Mohanty. 2016. “Oxidative Acid Treatment and Characterization of New Biocarbon from Sustainable Miscanthus Biomass.” Science of the Total Environment 550 (April): 241–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.015.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antal, M. J. 1983. “Biomass Pyrolysis: A Review of the Literature Part 1—Carbohydrate Pyrolysis.” In Advances in Solar Energy, edited by K. W. Böer and J. A. Duffie. Boston, MA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8992-7_3.
   Google Scholar
• Bednarek, W. H., D. Paukszta, M. Szostak, and J. Szymańska. 2021. “Fundamental Studies on Shear-Induced Nucleation and Beta-Phase Formation in the Isotactic Polypropylene—Effect of the Temperature.” Journal of Polymer Research 28 (11): 439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02652-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behazin, E., M. Misra, and A. K. Mohanty. 2017. “Compatibilization of Toughened Polypropylene/Biocarbon Biocomposites: A Full Factorial Design Optimization of Mechanical Properties.” Polymer Testing 61 (August): 364–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.05.031.
   Google Scholar
• Bledzki, A. K., and O. Faruk. 2006. “Injection Moulded Microcellular Wood Fibre–Polypropylene Composites.” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 37 (9): 1358–1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.08.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borysiak, S. 2012. “Influence of Wood Mercerization on the Crystallization of Polypropylene in Wood/PP Composites.” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 109 (2): 595–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2221-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borysiak, S., Ł. Klapiszewski, K. Bula, and T. Jesionowski. 2016. “Nucleation Ability of Advanced Functional Silica/Lignin Hybrid Fillers in Polypropylene Composites.” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 126 (1): 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5390-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, J. F., and H. Marsh. 1995. Introductory Overview. Porosity in Carbons: Characterization and Applications, 1–48. London: Edward Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• Cha, J. S., S. H. Park, S. Jung, C. Ryu, J.-K. Jeon, S. Min-Chul, and Y. Park. 2016. “Production and Utilization of Biochar: A Review.” Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 40 (August): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.06.002.
   Google Scholar
• Das, O., N. K. Kim, M. S. Hedenqvist, R. J. T. Lin, A. K. Sarmah, and D. Bhattacharyya. 2018. “An Attempt to Find a Suitable Biomass for Biochar-Based Polypropylene Biocomposites.” Environmental Management 62 (2): 403–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1033-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, O., A. K. Sarmah, and D. Bhattacharyya. 2015. “A Sustainable and Resilient Approach Through Biochar Addition in Wood Polymer Composites.” Science of the Total Environment 512–513:326–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doczekalska, B., M. Bartkowiak, B. Waliszewska, G. Orszulak, J. Cerazy-Waliszewska, and T. Pniewski. 2020. “Characterization of Chemically Activated Carbons Prepared from Miscanthus and Switchgrass Biomass.” Materials 13 (7): 1654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbarczyk, J., and S. Borysiak. 2004. “Composites of Polypropylene with Cellulose Fibres. 1. Influence of Conditions of Extrusion and Injection Processes on the Structure of the Polypropylene Matrix.” International Polymer Science and Technology 31 (11): 60–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0307174X0403101114.
   Google Scholar
• Ichazo, M. N., C. Albano, J. Gonz, R. Perera, and M. V. Candal. 2001. “Polypropylene/Wood ¯our Composites: Treatments and Properties.” Composite Structures 8 (2–3): 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00089-7.
   Google Scholar
• Le Digabel, F., N. Boquillon, P. Dole, B. Monties, and L. Averous. 2004. “Properties of Thermoplastic Composites Based on Wheat-Straw Lignocellulosic Fillers.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science 93 (1): 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.20426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makhlouf, A., H. Satha, D. Frihi, S. Gherib, and R. Seguela. 2016. “Optimization of the Crystallinity of Polypropylene/submicronic-Talc Composites: The Role of Filler Ratio and Cooling Rate.” Express Polymer Letters 10 (3): 237–247. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2016.22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mofokeng, J. P., A. S. Luyt, T. Tabi, and J. Kovacs. 2011. “Comparison of Injection Moulded, Natural Fibre-Reinforced Composites with PP and PLA as Matrices.” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 25 (8): 927–948. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705711423291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mopoung, S., P. Moonsri, W. Palas, and S. Khumpai. 2015. “Characterization and Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Tamarind Seeds by KOH Activation for Fe(iii) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution.” Scientific World Journal 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/415961.
   Google Scholar
• Musioł, M., J. Rydz, H. Janeczek, A. Kordyka, J. Andrzejewski, T. Sterzyński, S. Jurczyk, et al. 2022. “(Bio)degradable Biochar Composites – Studies on Degradation and Electrostatic Properties.” Materials Science and Engineering: B 275 (January): 115515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2021.115515.
   Google Scholar
• Odalanowska, M., and S. Borysiak. 2018. “Analysis of the Nucleation Activity of Wood Fillers for Green Polymer Composites.” Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe 26 (2): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odolanowska, M., and S. Borysiak. 2013. “Fundamental Studies on Lignocellulose/Polypropylene Composites: Effects of Wood Treatment on the Transcrystalline Morphology and Mechanical Properties.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science 127 (2): 1309–1322. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.37651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pornwannachai, W., J. R. Ebdon, and B. K. Kandola. 2020. “Fire-Resistant Flax-Reinforced Polypropylene/Polylactic Acid Composites with Optimized Fire and Mechanical Performances.” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33 (7): 898–914. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718815538.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pracella, M., D. Chionna, I. Anguillesi, Z. Kulinski, and E. Piorkowska. 2006. “Functionalization, Compatibilization and Properties of Polypropylene Composites with Hemp Fibres.” Composites Science and Technology 66 (13): 2218–2230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.12.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pudełko, A., P. Postawa, T. Stachowiak, K. Malińska, and D. Dróżdż. 2021. “Waste Derived Biochar as an Alternative Filler in Biocomposites - Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Biochar Added Biocomposites.” Journal of Cleaner Production 278 (January): 123850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123850.
   Google Scholar
• Rabiej, M. 2014. “A Hybrid Immune–Evolutionary Strategy Algorithm for the Analysis of the Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction Curves of Semicrystalline Polymers.” Journal of Applied Crystallography 47 (5): 1502–1511. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576714014782.
   Google Scholar
• Saka, C. 2012. “BET, TG-DTG, FT-IR, SEM, Iodine Number Analysis and Preparation of Activated Carbon from Acorn Shell by Chemical Activation with ZnCl2.” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 95:21–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2011.12.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schilling, J. S., J. Ai, R. A. Blanchette, S. M. Duncan, T. R. Filley, and U. W. Tschirner. 2012. “Lignocellulose Modifications by Brown Rot Fungi and Their Effects, as Pretreatments, on Cellulolysis.” Bioresource Technology 116 (July): 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.018.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uram, K., M. Kurańska, J. Andrzejewski, and A. Prociak. 2021. “Rigid Polyurethane Foams Modified with Biochar.” Materials 14 (19): 5616. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, T., A. Rodriguez-Uribe, M. Misra, and A. K. Mohanty. 2018. “Sustainable Carbonaceous Biofiller from Miscanthus: Size Reduction, Characterization, and Potential Bio-Composites Applications.” BioResources 13 (2): 3720–3739. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.2.3720-3739.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt, E., M. A. Abdelwahab, M. R. Snowdon, A. K. Mohanty, H. Khalil, and M. Misra. 2020. “Hybrid Biocomposites from Polypropylene, Sustainable Biocarbon and Graphene Nanoplatelets.” Scientific Reports 10 (1): 10714. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66855-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, K., and P. Quicker. 2018. “Properties of Biochar.” Fuel 217 (April): 240–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.054.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., C. Lu, S. Guo, K. Wang, and Q. Fu. 2018. “Polymorphic Structures Phase Diagram of Shear-Induced Isotactic Polypropylene/Carbon Fiber Cylindrites.” Materials & Design 150 (July): 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.04.030.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., J. Zhang, M. Jing, G. Sui, D. Liu, K. Wang, and Q. Fu. 2019. “Correlations Between Microstructure of α-Row Nuclei and Polymorphism of Shear-Induced IPP/Carbon Fiber Cylindrite.” Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 57 (7): 368–377. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.24790.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar