Impact of Cellulose Modification by Expandable Graphite and Carbon Nanotubes on Flammability and Thermal Properties

References

• Anderson, R. E., J. Guan, M. Ricard, G. Dubey, J. Su, G. Lopinski, G. Dorris, O. Bourne, and B. Simard. 2010. “Multifunctional Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube–Cellulose Composite Paper.” Journal of Materials Chemistry 20 (12): 2400–14. https://doi.org/10.1039/b924260k.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM D-2863. “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index).”
   Google Scholar
• ASTM E69-02. 2002. Standard Test Method for Combustible Properties of Treated Wood by the Fire-Tube Apparatus.
   Google Scholar
• Chandrasekaran, S., A. Cruz-Izquierdo, R. Castaing, B. Kandola, and J. L. Scott. 2023. “Facile Preparation of Flame-Retardant Cellulose Composite with Biodegradable and Water Resistant Properties for Electronic Device Applications.” Scientific Reports 13 (1): 3168. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30078-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cipiriano, B. H., T. Kashiwagi, S. R. Raghavan, Y. Yang, E. Grulke, K. Yamamoto, J. R. Shields, and J. F. Douglas. 2007. “Effects of Aspect Ratio of MWNT on the Flammability Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites.” Polymer 48 (20): 6086–6096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duquesne, S., M. L. Bras, S. Bourbigot, R. Delobel, H. Vezin, G. Camino, B. Eling, C. Lindsay, and T. Roels. 2003. “Expandable Graphite: A Fire Retardant Additive for Polyurethane Coatings.” Fire and Materials 27 (3): 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.812.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fangueiro, R., and S. Rana. 2016. “Natural Fibres: Advances in Science and Technology Towards Industrial Applications.” RILEM Bookseries 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7515-1_1.
   Google Scholar
• Farsheh, A. T., M. Talaeipour, A. H. Hemmasi, H. Khademieslam, and I. Ghasemi. 2011. “Investigation on the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Foamed Nanocomposites Based on Wood Flour/pvc/multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube.” Bio Resources 6 (1): 841–852. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.841-852.
   Google Scholar
• Focke, W. W., H. Muiambo, W. Mhike, H. J. Kruger, and O. Ofosu. 2014. “Flexible PVC Flame Retarded with Expandable Graphite.” Polymer Degradation and Stability 100 (1): 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.024.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, D. M. L. Jieun, E. Ford, E. Balsley, M. Zammarano, S. Matko, and J. W. Gilman. 2009 POSS modified cellulose for improving flammability characteristics of polystyrene. 10th International Conference on Wood & Biofiber Plastic Composites and Cellulose Nanocomposites Symposium May 11-13, 2009 (Forest Products Society) Monona Terrace Community & Convention Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Fu, X., C. Zhang, T. Liu, R. Liang, and B. Wang. 2010. “Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper to Improve Fire Retardancy of High-Temperature/high-Performance Polymer Composites.” Nanotechnology 21 (23): 235701–xxx. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/21/23/235701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gashti, M., and A. Almasian. 2013. “UV Radiation Induced Flame Retardant Cellulose Fiber by Using Polyvinylphosphonic Acid/Carbon Nanotube Composite Coating.” Composites Part B: Engineering 45 (1): 282–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.07.052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilman, J. W. 1999. “Flammability and Thermal Stability Studies of Polymer Layered – Silicate (Clay) Nanocomposites.” Applied Clay Science 15 (1–2): 31–49. April. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00019-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grześkowiak, W. Ł. 2017. “Effectiveness of New Wood Fire Retardants Using a Cone Calorimeter.” Journal of Fire Sciences 35 (6): 565–576. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734904117737464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grześkowiak, W. Ł., K. Moliński, M. Molińska-Glura, and G. Cofta. 2021. “Assessment of the Impact of the Storage Time of Fire Retardant and Heating of the Protected Wood on the Effectiveness of Fireproofing.” Drewno 64 (207): 145–157. https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.371.07.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISO 13927:2015. 2015. “Plastics — Simple Heat Release Test Using a Conical Radiant Heater and a Thermopile Detectora.”
   Google Scholar
• ISO 4589-1:2017. 2017. “Plastics一determination of Burning Behaviour by Oxygen Index - Part 1: Guidance.”
   Google Scholar
• ISO 4589-2:1999. 1999. “Plastics - Determination of Burning Behaviour by Oxygen Index - Part 2: Ambient-Temperature Test.”
   Google Scholar
• Janowska, G., W. Przygocki, and A. Włochowicz. 2007. Palność polimerów i materiałów polimerowych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowo – Techniczne.
   Google Scholar
• Jin, H., J. Yuan, H. Hao, Z. Ji, M. Liu, and S. Hou. 2013. “The Exploration of a New Adsorbent As MnO2 Modified Expanded Graphite.” Materials Letters 110:69–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.07.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashiwagi, T., F. Du, K. I. Winey, K. M. Groth, J. R. Shields, S. P. Bellayer, H. Kim, and J. F. Douglas. 2005. “Flammability Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Effects of Nanotube Dispersion and Concentration.” Polymer 46 (2): 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Łukawski, D., W. Grześkowiak, D. Dukarska, B. Mazela, A. Łękawa-Raus, and A. Dudkowiak. 2019. “The Influence of Surface Modification of Wood Particles with Carbon Nanotubes on Properties of Particleboard Glued with Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin.” Drewno 62 (203): 93–105. https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.265.03.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maria, K. H., and T. Mieno. 2017. “Production and Properties of Carbon Nanotube/Cellulose Composite Paper.” Journal of Nanomaterials 2017:6745029. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6745029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazela, B., A. Batista, and W. Grześkowiak. 2020. “Expandable Graphite As a Fire Retardant for Cellulosic Materials—A Review.” Forests 11 (7): 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11070755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazela, B., and M. Broda. 2015. “Natural Polymer-Based Flame Retardants for Wood and Wood Products.” Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Sciences and Engineering (WSE), 146–155. Poland. Poznan University of Life Sciences. 14–15 September 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Miyashiro, D., R. Hamano, and K. Umemura. 2020. “A Review of Applications Using Mixed Materials of Cellulose, Nanocellulose and Carbon Nanotubes.” Nanomaterials: Overview and Historical Perspectives 10 (2): 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020186.
   Google Scholar
• Salmeia, K. A., M. Jovic, A. Ragaisiene, Z. Rukuiziene, R. Milasius, D. Mikucioniene, S. Gaan. 2016. “Flammability of Cellulose-Based Fibers and the Effect of Structure of Phosphorus Compounds on Their Flame Retardancy.” Polymers 8 (8): 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8080293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo, H. J., S. Kim, W. Huh, K.-W. Park, D. R. Lee, D. W. Son, Y.-S. Kim, et al. 2016. “Enhancing the Flame-Retardant Performance of Wood-Based Materials Using Carbon-Based Materials.” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 123 (3): 1935–1942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4553-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, D., and S. Gu. 2009. “The Mechanism for Thermal Decomposition of Cellulose and Its Main Products.” Bioresource Technology 100 (24): 6496–6504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smędowski, Ł., and R. Muzyka. 2013. “Grafen–metody otrzymywania a zastosowanie i właściwości.” Karbo 2: 79–87 http://sbc.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/272061.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. T., A. M. La Chance, S. Zeng, B. Liu, and L. Sun. 2019. “Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Graphene Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Nanocomposites.” Nano Materials Science 1 (1): 31–47, ISSN 2589–9651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.004.
   Google Scholar
• Suttipintu, T., S. Lhosupasirirat, T. Osotchan, and T. Srikhirin. 2022. “Development of Flame Retardant Property on Sodium Silicate Treated Paper Based Materials.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2175 (1): 012035. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2175/1/012035.
   Google Scholar
• Thostenson, E. T., C. Li, and T.-W. Chou. 2005. “Nanocomposites in Context.” Composites Science and Technology 65 (3): 491–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.11.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zabel, H., and S. A. Solin. 2013. Graphite Intercalation Compounds I: Structure and Dynamics, 5–6. Vol. 14. Berlin, Germany: Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Zeinali, D., D. Koalitis, and J. Schmid. 2018. Guide for Obtaining Data from Reaction to Fire Tests. Switzerland: ETH Zürich.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, C., N. Li, and M. Ek. 2017. “Cellulose-Fiber-Based Insulation Materials with Improved Reaction-To-Fire Properties.” Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal 32 (3): 466–472. https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2017-32-03-p466-472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, C., N. Li, and M. Ek. 2018. “Mechanism and Kinetics of Thermal Degradation of Insulating Materials Developed from Cellulose Fiber and Fire Retardants.” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 135 (6): 3015–3027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7564-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuge, J. 2012. “Fire Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites: Materials Design and Thermal Degradation Modeling.” Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2174. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/217433.
   Google Scholar