2,814
Views
172
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Occupational Risk Management of Engineered Nanoparticles

, , , &
Pages 239-249 | Published online: 22 Feb 2008

REFERENCES

  • Oberdörster , G. , Oberdörster , E. and Oberdörster , J. 2005 . Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles . Environ. Health Perspect. , 113 : 823 – 839 .
  • Johnston , C. J. , Finkelstein , J. N. , Mercer , P. , Corson , N. , Gelein , R. and Oberdörster , G. 2000 . Pulmonary effects induced by ultrafine PTFE particles . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 168 : 208 – 215 .
  • Lam , C-W. , James , J. T. , McCluskey , R. , Arepalli , S. and Hunter , R. L. 2006 . A review of carbon nanotube toxicity and assessment . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 36 : 189 – 227 .
  • Shvedova , A.A. , Kisin , E.R. Mercer , R. 2005 . Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary response to single walled carbon nanotubes in mice . Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. , 289 : L698 – L708 .
  • Chen , Z. , Meng , H. Xing , G. 2006 . Acute toxicological effects of copper nanoparticles in vivo . Toxicol. Lett. , 163 : 109 – 120 .
  • Gwinn , M.R. and Vallyathan , V. 2006 . Nanoparticles: Health effects—pros and cons . Environ. Health Perspect. , 114 : 1818 – 1825 .
  • Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) . 2006 . “ Request for a Scientific Opinion on the Appropriateness of Existing Methodologies to Assess the Potential Risks Associated with Engineered and Adventitious Nanotechnologies (SCENIHR/OO2/05) ” . Brussels : SCENIHR .
  • Grassian , V.H. , O'Shaughnessy , P. , Adamcakova-Dodd , A. , Pettibone , J.M. and Thorne , P.S. 2007 . Inhalation exposure study of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a primary particle size of 2 to 5 nm . Environ. Health Perspect. , 115 : 397 – 402 .
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): “Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology: An information exchange with NIOSH.” . http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech/safenano/ [Online] Available at (Accessed August 2, 2007).
  • Institute de Rechesche Robert-Sauve en Sante et en Securite du Travail (IRRST) . 2006 . “ Nanoparticles: Actual Knowledge About Occupational Health and Safety Risks and Prevention Measures ” . Edited by: Ostiguy , C. , Lapointe , G. Menard , L. Montreal . (IRRST R-470). : IRRST
  • Oberdörster , G. , Ferin , J. , Gelein , R. , Soderholm , S. C. and Finkelstein , J. 1992 . Role of the alveolar macrophage in lung injury: Studies with ultrafine particles . Environ. Health Perspect. , 97 : 193 – 199 .
  • Oberdörster , G. , Ferin , J. Soderholm , S. 1994 . Increased pulmonary toxicity of inhaled ultrafine particles: Due to lung overload alone? . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 38(Suppl 1) : 295 – 302 .
  • Oberdörster , G. , Sharp , Z. Atudorei , V. 2004 . Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain . Inhal. Toxicol. , 16 : 437 – 445 .
  • Lison , D. , Lardot , C. , Huaux , F. , Zanetti , G. and Fubini , B. 1997 . Influence of particle surface area on the toxicity of insoluble manganese dioxide dusts . Arch. Toxicol. , 71 : 725 – 729 .
  • Brown , D.M. , Wilson , M. R. , MacNee , W. , Stone , V. and Donaldson , K. 2001 . Size-dependent proinflammatory effects of ultrafine polystyrene particles: A role for surface area and oxidative stress in the enhanced activity of ultrafines . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 175 : 191 – 199 .
  • Renwick , L. C. , Brown , D. , Clouter , A. and Donaldson , K. 2004 . Increased inflammation and altered macrophage chemotactic responses caused by two ultrafine particle types . Occup. Environ. Med. , 61 : 442 – 447 .
  • Kreyling , W. G. , Semmler , M. Erbe , F. 2002 . Translocation of ultrafine insoluble iridium particles from lung epithelium to extrapulmonary organs is size dependent but very low . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 65 : 1513 – 1530 .
  • Geiser , M. , Rothen-Rutishauser , B. Kapp , N. 2005 . Ultrafine particles cross cellular membranes by nonphagocytic mechanisms in lungs and in cultured cells . Environ. Health Perspect. , 113 : 1555 – 1560 .
  • Li , N. , Sioutas , C. Cho , A. 2003 . Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage . Environ. Health Perspect. , 111 : 455 – 460 .
  • Elder , A. , Gelein , R. Silva , V. 2006 . Translocation of inhaled ultrafine manganese oxide particles to the central nervous system . Environ Health Perspect. , 114 : 1172 – 1178 . Erratum in Environ. Health Perspect. 114:1178 (2006)
  • Hoshino , A. , Fujioka , K. , Oku , T. , Suga , M. , Sasaki , Y. and Ohta , T. 2004 . Physicochemical properties and cellular toxicity of nanocrystal quantum dots depend on their surface modification . Nano. Lett. , 4 : 2163 – 2169 .
  • Shiohara , A. , Hoshino , A. , Hanaki , K. , Suzuki , K. and Yamamoto , K. 2004 . On the cytotoxicity of quantum dots . Microbiol. Immunol. , 48 : 669 – 675 .
  • Sayes , C. M. , Fortner , J. D. Guo , W. 2004 . The differential cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerenes . Nano Lett. , 4 : 1881 – 1887 .
  • Helland , A. , Wick , P. , Koheler , A. , Schmid , K. and Som , C. 2007 . Reviewing the environmental and human health base of carbon nanotubes . Environ. Health Perspect. , 115 : 1125 – 1131 .
  • Driscoll , K. E. Role of inflammation in the development of rat lung tumors in response to chronic particle exposure . Proceedings of a symposium held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . March 29–30 1995 . Particle Overload in the Rat Lung and Lung Cancer; Implications for Human Risk Assessment , Edited by: Mauderly , J. L. and McCunney , R. J. pp. 139 – 153 . Washington , D.C. : Taylor & Francis .
  • Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM): Development of a Biomathematical Lung Model to Describe the Exposure-Dose Relationship for Inhaled Dust Among U.K. Coal Miners . Edited by: Tran , C. L. and Buchanan , D. (IOM Research Report TM/00/02). Edinburgh: IOM, 2000.
  • Duffin , R. , Tran , C. L. Clouter , A. 2002 . The importance of surface area and specific reactivity in the acute pulmonary inflammatory response to particles . Ann. Occup. Hyg. 46(Suppl 1) , : 242 – 245 .
  • Zhang , Q. , Kusaka , Y. and Donaldson , K. 2000 . Comparative pulmonary responses caused by exposure to standard cobalt and ultrafine cobalt . J. Occup. Health , 42 : 179 – 184 .
  • Zhang , Q. , Kusaka , Y. Zhu , X. 2003 . Comparative toxicity of standard nickel and ultrafine nickel in lung after intratracheal instillation . J. Occup. Health , 45 : 23 – 30 .
  • Oberdörster , G. , Maynard , A. Donaldson , K. 2005 . Principles for characterizing the potential human health effects from exposure to nanomaterials: Elements of a screening strategy . Part. Fibre. Toxicol. , 2 : 8
  • Maynard , A. M. and Kuempel , E. D. 2005 . Airborne nanostructured particles and occupational health . J. Nanopart. Res. , 7 : 587 – 614 .
  • Brunner , T. J. , Wick , P. Manser , P. 2006 . In vitro cytotoxicity of oxide nanoparticles: Comparison of asbestos, silica, and the effect of particle solubility . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 40 : 4374 – 4381 .
  • Warheit , D. B. , Webb , T. R. , Reed , K. L. , Frerichs , S. and Sayes , C. M. 2007 . Pulmonary toxicity study in rats with three forms of ultrafine-TiO2 particles: Differential responses related to surface properties . Toxicology , 230 : 90 – 104 .
  • Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) . 1985 . “ Preventing Illness and Injury in the Workplace(OTA-H-256) ” . Washington , DC : Government Printing Office .
  • Brown , R. C. 1993 . “ Air filtration: An Integrated Approach to the Theory and Applications of Fibrous Filters ” . Oxford , , England : Pergamon Press .
  • Heim , M. , Mullin , B. , Wild , M. , Meyer , J. and Kasper , G. 2005 . Filtration efficiency of aerosol particles below 20 nanometers . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 39 : 782 – 789 .
  • Kim , S. C. , Harrington , M. S. and Pui , D. Y.H. 2007 . Experimental study of nanoparticles penetration through commercial filter media . J. Nanopart. Res. , 9 : 117 – 125 .
  • Rengasamy , S. , Verbofsky , R. , King , W. P. and Shaffer , R. E. 2007 . Nanoparticle penetration through NIOSH-approved N95 filtering-facepiece respirators . J. Int. Soc. Respir. Protect. , 24 : 49 – 50 .
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE) . 2006 . “ Foundry Control Guidance Sheet FD02: Engineering Control for Foundry Fumes from Melting ” . London , HSE
  • Peters , T. M. , Heitbrink , W. A. , Evans , D. E. , Slavin , T. J. and Maynard , A. D. 2006 . The mapping of fine and ultrafine particles in an engine machining and assembly facility . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 50 : 249 – 257 .
  • Methner , M. M. , Birch , M. E. , Evans , D. E. , Ku , B.-K. , Crouch , K. and Hoover , M. D. 2007 . Identification and characterization of potential sources of worker exposure to carbon nanofibers during polymer composite laboratory operations . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 4 : D125 – D130 .
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) . 2005 . Health Hazard Evaluation Report, HETA #2005-0291-3025, University of Dayton Research Institute Dayton Ohio , Edited by: Methner , M. M. , Birch , M. E. , Evans , D. and Hoover , M. D. Cincinnati , Ohio : NIOSH .
  • Naumann , B. D. , Sargent , E. V. , Starkman , B. S. , Fraser , W. J. , Becker , G. T. and Kirk , G. D. 1996 . Performance-based exposure control limits for pharmaceutical active ingredients . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 57 : 33 – 42 .
  • Guest , I. and Newton , D. 1997 . Industrial hygiene in the pharmaceutical industry . Occup. Med. , 12 : 81 – 94 .
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE) . 2004 . “ Nanotechnology ” . In Horizons Scanning Information Note No. HSIN1 , London : HSE .
  • The Royal Society & the Royal Academy of Engineering . 2004 . Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and Uncertainties , London : Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering .
  • ANSI/American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) . 2005 . “Occupational Health and Safety Management System” . Fairfax , Va : AIHA . (ANSI/AIHA Z10-2005). [Standard]
  • Molyneux , M. K.B. 1999 . “ Organizing for risk assessment and risk management ” . In Occupational Health: Risk Assessment and Management , Edited by: Sadhra , S. and Rampal , K. 22 – 40 . London : Blackwell Science .
  • Halperin , W. E. 1996 . The role of surveillance in hierarchy of prevention . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 29 : 321 – 323 .
  • Nel , A. , Xia , T. , Mädler , L. and Li , N. 2006 . Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel . Science , 311 : 622 – 627 .
  • International Standards Organization (ISO) . 2007 . Workplace Atmospheres—Ultrafine, Nanoparticle and Nano-Structured Aerosols—Inhalation, Exposure Characterization and Assessment , Geneva : ISO . (ISO/TR 27628:2006).
  • American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) . 2001 . Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice , 24th , Cincinnati , Ohio : ACGIH .
  • Seinfeld , J. A. and Pandis , S. N. 1998 . Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Hinds , W. C. 1999 . Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Aairborne Particles , 2nd , New York : Wiley-Interscience .
  • Gardner , R. J. and Oldershaw , P. J. 1991 . Development of pragmatic exposure control concentrations based on packaging regulation risk phrases . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 35 : 51 – 59 .
  • Kipen , H. M. and Laskin , D. L. 2006 . Smaller is not always better: Nanotechnology yields nanotoxicology . Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. , 289 : L696 – L697 .
  • Kuempel , E. D. , Geraci , C. L. and Schulte , P. A. 2007 . “ Risk assessment approaches and research needs for nanoparticles: An examination of data and information from current studies ” . In Nanotechnology—Toxicological Issues and Environmental Safety , Edited by: Simeonova , P. and Opopol , N. 119 – 145 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • ASTM International, ASTM Subcommittee F23.40 . 2003 . “ Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Bloodborne Pathogens Using Phi-X174 Bacteriophage Penetration as A Test System (ASTM F1671-03) ” . West Conshohocken , Pa. : ASTM International . [Standard]
  • Brown , J. S. , Zeman , K. L. and Bennett , W. D. 2002 . Ultrafine particle deposition and clearance in the healthy and obstructed lung . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , 166 : 1240 – 1247 .
  • Wiebert , P. , Sanchez-Crespon , A. Falk , R. 2006 . Negligible clearance of ultrafine particles retained in healthy and affected human lungs . Eur. Respir. J. , 28 : 286 – 290 .
  • Schulte , P. A. and Kaye , W. E. 1988 . Exposure registries . Arch. Environ. Health , 43 : 155 – 161 .
  • Schulte , P. A. and Salamanca-Buentello , F. 2007 . Ethical and scientific issues of nanotechnology in the workplace . Environ. Health Perspect. , 115 : 5 – 12 .
  • Muhle , H. , Bellmann , B. Creutzenberg , O. 1991 . Pulmonary response to toner upon chronic inhalation exposure in rats . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 17 : 280 – 299 .
  • Martin , J. C. , Dàniel , H. and LeBouffant , L. 1977 . “ Short- and long-term experimental study of the toxicity of coal mine dust and of some of its constituents ” . In Inhaled Particles IV , 4th , Edited by: Walton , W. H. Vol. 1 , 361 – 370 . Oxford : Pergamon Press .
  • Mauderly , J. L. , Jones , R. K. , Griffith , W. C. , Henderson , R. F. and McClellan , R. O. 1987 . Diesel exhaust is a pulmonary carcinogen in rats exposed chronically by inhalation . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 9 : 208 – 221 .
  • Lewis , T. R. , Green , F. H.Y. , Moorman , W. J. , Burg , J. R. and Lynch , D. W. 1989 . A chronic inhalation toxicity study of diesel engine emissions and coal dust, alone and combined . J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. , 8 : 345 – 375 .
  • Nikula , K. J. , Snipes , M. B. , Barr , E. B. , Griffith , W. C. , Henderson , R. F. and Mauderly , J. L. 1995 . Comparative pulmonary toxicities and carcinogenicities of chronically inhaled diesel exhaust and carbon black in F344 rats . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 25 : 80 – 94 .
  • Heinrich , U. , Fuhst , R. Rittinghausen , S. 1995 . Chronic inhalation exposure of Wistar rats and two different strains of mice to diesel engine exhaust, carbon black, and titanium dioxide . Inhal. Toxicol. , 7 : 533 – 556 .
  • Lee , K. P. , Trochimowicz , H. J. and Reinhardt , C. F. 1985 . Pulmonary response of rats exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2) by inhalation for two years . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 79 : 179 – 192 .
  • National Toxicology Program (NTP) . 1993 . Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Talc (CAS NO. 14807-96-6) (Non-Asbestiform) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (TR-421) , Research Triangle Park , N.C. : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health . NTP
  • “ILO Chemical Control Tool Kit Draft Guideline” . http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/ctrl_banding/toolkit/main_guide.pdf [Online] Available at (accessed January 7, 2008).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.