REFERENCES
- Lawrence Livermore Laboratory . 1977 . History of Respiratory Protective Devices in the U.S , Edited by: Held , B. J. Livermore , Calif. : Lawrence Livermore Laboratory .
- 1983 . “Mineral Resources,” 7 – 71 . Code of Federal Regulations Title 30, Part 11
- 1995 . “Respiratory Protective Devices,” . Code of Federal Regulations , : 30335 – 30404 . Title 42, Part 84
- Moyer , E. S. and Stevens , G. A. 1989 . “Worst case” aerosol testing parameters: II. efficiency dependence of commercial respirator filters on humidity pretreatment . AIHAJ , 50 : 265 – 270 .
- Moyer , E. S. and Stevens , G. A. 1989 . “Worst case” aerosol testing parameters: III. Initial penetration of charged and neutralized lead fume and silica dust aerosols through clean, unloaded respirator filters . AIHAJ , 50 : 271 – 274 .
- Hinds , W. C. 1999 . “ Filtration ” . In Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, , 2nd ed. , 182 – 205 . New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .
- Stevens , G. A. and Moyer , E. S. 1989 . “Worst case” aerosol testing parameters: I. Sodium chloride and dioctyl phthalate aerosol filter efficiency as a function of particle size and flow rate . AIHAJ , 50 : 257 – 264 .
- Vincent , J. H. and Clement , C. F. 2000 . Ultrafine particles in workplace atmospheres . Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A. , 358 : 2673 – 2682 .
- Donaldson , K. , Stone , V. , Clouter , A. , Renwick , L. and MacNee , W. 2001 . Ultrafine particles . Occup. Environ. Med. , 58 : 211 – 216 .
- Löndahl , J. , Pagels , J. Swietlicki , E. 2006 . A set-up for field studies of respiratory tract deposition of fine and ultrafine particles in humans . J. Aerosol Sci. , 37 : 1152 – 1163 .
- Chong , S. , Jaques , K. and Jaques , P. A. 2000 . Respiratory dose of inhaled ultrafine particles in healthy adults . Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A , 358 : 2693 – 2705 .
- Cho , S.-H. , Seo , S.-C. , Schmechel , D. , Grinshpun , S. A. and Reponen , T. 2005 . Aerodynamic characteristics and respiratory deposition of fungal fragments . Atmos. Environ. , 39 : 5454 – 5465 .
- Morawska , L. 2006 . Droplet fate in indoor environments, or can we prevent the spread of infection? . Indoor Air , 16 : 335 – 347 .
- Oberdörster , G. , Oberdörster , E. and Oberdörster , J. 2005 . Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles . Environ. Health Perspect. , 113 : 823 – 839 .
- “Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology: An Information Exchange with NIOSH. Draft” [Online] Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech/safenano/ (Accessed August 30, 2007)
- “Sodium chloride, CAS 7647-14-5. Hazard Substances Database.” [Online] Available at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed October 15, 2006)
- “Di-n-octyl phthalate, CAS 117-84-0. Hazardous Substances Database.” [Online] Available at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed October 15, 2006)
- Hinds , W. C. 1999 . “ Electrical properties ” . In Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, , 2nd ed. , 316 – 348 . New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .
- Gebhart , J. 2001 . “ Optical direct reading techniques: light intensity systems ” . In Aerosol Measurement. Principles, Techniques and Applications , Edited by: Baron , P. A. and Willeke , K. 419 – 454 . New York : Wiley-Interscience .
- Hinds , W. C. 1999 . “ Optical properties ” . In Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, , 2nd ed. , 349 – 378 . New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .
- Pui , D. Y.H. and Chen , D.-R. 2001 . “ Direct-reading instruments for analysis of airborne particles ” . In Air Sampling Instruments for Evaluation of Atmospheric Contaminants, , 9th ed , Edited by: Cohen , B. S. and McCammon , C. S. 377 – 414 . Cincinnati , Ohio : ACGIH .
- Bohren , C. F. and Huffman , D. R. 1983 . Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles , New York : Wiley Interscience, Inc. .
- Perry , R. J. , Hunt , A. J. and Huffman , D. R. 1978 . Experimental determinations of Mueller scattering matrices for non-spherical particles . Appl. Optics , 17 : 2700 – 2710 .
- Chamaillard , K. , Jennings , S. G. , Kleefeld , C. , Ceburnis , D. and Yoon , Y. J. 2003 . Light backscattering and scattering by non-spherical seal-salt crystals . J. Quant. Spec. Rad. Transfer , 79–80 : 577 – 597 .
- “Strategic Plan for NIOSH Nanotechnology Research – Filling the Knowledge Gaps. Draft. September 28, 2005.” [Online] Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech/strat_planINTRO.html (Accessed August 30, 2007)
- Kanaoka , C. , Emi , H. , Otani , T. and Liyama , T. 1987 . Effect of charging state of particles on electret filtration . Aerosol Sci. Tech. , 7 : 1 – 13 .
- Martin , S. B. and Moyer , E. S. 2000 . Electrostatic respirator filter media: Filter efficiency and most penetrating particle size effects . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 15 : 609 – 617 .
- Baumgartner , H. P. and Loffler , F. 1986 . The collection performance of electret filters in the size range 0.01 μm–10 μm . J. Aerosol Sci. , 17 : 438 – 445 .
- Lathrache , R. and Fissan , H. 1986 . Fraction penetrations for electrostatically charged fibrous filters in the submicron particle size range . Part. Charact. , 3 : 74 – 80 .
- Oh , Y.-W. , Jeon , K.-J. , Jung , A.-I. and Jung , Y.-W. 2002 . A simulation study on the collection of submicron particles in a unipolar charged fiber . Aerosol Sci. Tech. , 36 : 573 – 582 .
- Brosseau , L. M. , Evans , J. S. , Ellenbecker , M. J. and Feldstein , M. L. 1989 . Collection efficiency of respirator filters challenged with monodisperse latex aerosols . AIHAJ , 50 : 544 – 549 .
- Fardi , B. and Liu , B. Y.H. 1991 . Performance of disposable respirators . Part. Part. Syst. Charact. , 8 : 308 – 314 .
- Balazy , A. M. , Toivola Reponen , T. , Podgorski , A. , Zimmer , A. and Grinshpun , S. A. 2006 . Manikin-based performance evaluation of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators challenged with nanoparticles . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 50 ( 3 ) : 259 – 269 .
- Balazy , A. , Toivola , M. , Adhikari , A. , Sivasubramani , S. , Reponen , T. and Grinshpun , S. A. 2006 . Do N95 respirators provide 95% protection level against airborne viruses, and how adequate are surgical masks? . Am. J. Infect. Control , 34 : 51 – 57 .
- U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center . 2006 . Respirator Filter Efficiency Testing Against Particulate and Biological Aerosols Under Moderate to High Flow Rates , Edited by: Richardson , A. W. , Eshbaugh , J. P. , Hofacre , K. C. and Gardner , P. D. Aberdeen Proving Ground , Md. : U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center . (ECBC-CR-085)
- Rengasamy , S. , Verbofsky , R. , King , W. P. and Shaffer , R. E. 2007 . Nanoparticle penetration through NIOSH-approved filtering-facepiece respirators . J. Int. Soc. Resp. Prot. , 24 : 49 – 59 .