A Historical Review of Additives and Modifiers Used in Paving Asphalt Refining Processes in the United States

REFERENCES

• Roberts , F. L. , Kandhal , P. S. , Brown , E. R. , Lee , D.-Y. and Kennedy , T. W. 1996 . Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture Design and Construction, , 2nd ed. , Lanham , Md. : National Asphalt Paving Association Research and Education Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• “Asphalt Paving,” [Online] Available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/iii17_apr2001.pdf (Accessed May 20, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• “DRAFT Periodic Emissions Inventory of Ozone Precursor Emissions for the Washington DC-MD-VA Ozone Nonattainment Area.” [Online] Available at http://www.mwcog.org/uploads/committee-documents/pF5XXl420040513102231.pdf (Accessed May 20, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• The Asphalt Institute (AI) . 1988 . The Asphalt Handbook, , 1989 ed. , College Park , Md. : The Asphalt Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) . 1992 . State of the Practice—Design and Construction of Asphalt Paving Materials With Crumb Rubber Modifier , Edited by: Heitzman , M.A. Washington , D.C. : FHWA . Report FHWA SA-92–022.
   Google Scholar
• King , G. , King , H. , Pavlovich , R. D. , Epps , A. L. and Kandhal , P. March 8–10 1999 . “ Asphalt paving technology: Additives in asphalt ” . In Proceedings of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists , Vol. 68A , March 8–10 , Chicago , Illinois : Historical Session .
   Google Scholar
• Krchma , L. C. and Gagle , D. W. 1974 . A USA history of asphalt refined from crude oil and its distribution. . Asphalt Paving Technol. , 43A : 25 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Puzinauskas , V. P. 1982 . “ Symposium on antistripping additives in paving mixtures ” . In Proceedings of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists , Vol. 51 , Kansas City , Missouri : Technical Sessions .
   Google Scholar
• Abraham , H. 1945 . Asphalts and Allied Substances: Their Occurrence, Modes of Production, Uses in the Arts and Methods of Testing, , 5th ed. , New York : D.Van Nostrand Company, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Farminer , K. W. “ Silicone antifoams in chemical processing ” . In Chemical Processing (October 1973)
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , D. C. and Hagman , J. F. 1958 . “ The modification of asphalt with neoprene ” . In Proceedings of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists Vol. 27 , Montreal, Quebec , , Canada
   Google Scholar
• Macleod , D. , Ho , S. , Wirth , R. and Zanzotto , L. 2007 . Study of crumb rubber materials as paving asphalt modifiers. . Can J. Civ. Eng. , 34 : 1276 – 1288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Asphalt Institute . 1979 . “Additives for Asphalt Including Anti-Strip, Rubber, Asbestos, Asbestos Substitutes, Silicones, Naturally Occurring Sulphur, Elemental Sulphur, Gilsonite, Carbon Black and Polymers.” . College Park , Md. : The Asphalt Institute . Attachment to a report to the International Technical Committee at the Asphalt Institute Meeting in Montreal, Canada, September 1979
   Google Scholar
• Feuston , M. H. , Kerstetter , S. L. , Singer , E. J. and Mehlman , M. A. 1989 . Developmental toxicity of clarified slurry oil applied dermally to rats. . Toxicol. Ind. Health , 5 ( 3 ) : 587 – 599 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONCAWE . 1989 . Review of the Toxicity of Catalytically Cracked Clarified Oil , The Hague : CONCAWE, Toxicology Subgroup of the Health Management Group . Report No. 89/56 by J.J. Freeman.
   Google Scholar
• Button , J. W. January 1992 . “ Summary of asphalt additive performance at selected sites ” . Washington , D.C. Presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board
   Google Scholar
• Harrigan , E. T. 1986 . “ Purpose of Asphalt Modification ” . College Park , Md. : The Asphalt Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Mundt , D. J. , Marano , K. , Nunes , A. P. and Adams , R. C. 2009 . A review of changes in composition of hot mix asphalt in the United States. . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 6 : 714 – 725 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mundt , D. J. , Marano , K. , Nunes , A. and Adams , R. 2007 . A preliminary assessment of historical changes in the United States asphalt paving industry—Refining and hot mix processes. . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 4 ( Suppl 1 ) : 220 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura , D. December 20, 2004 . Worldwide refining capacity creeps ahead in 2004. . Oil & Gas J. , 102 ( 47 ) : 29 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• “Official Energy Statistics from the US Government. 2005.” [Online] Available at http://www.eia.doe.gov (Accessed May 20, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• The Asphalt Institute (AI) . October 2006 . Asphalt Usage Survey for the United States and Canada , College Park , Md. : A.I. .
   Google Scholar
• Puzinauskas , V. P. and Harrigan , E. T. 1990 . Current Refining Practices for Paving Asphalt Production , Washington , D.C. : Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council .
   Google Scholar
• “Asphalt Binders: Transportation in the New Millennium.” [Online] Available at http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/millennium/00006.pdf (Accessed May 20, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Moulthrop , J. S. , Hicks , R. G. and Ballou , W. R. 1997, February . “ Emulsion: The future of pavement maintenance? Emulsified asphalt seeks its niche in the paving industry ” . In The Asphalt Contractor 49
   Google Scholar
• “Region 8: EPA's Air Pollution State Implementation Plans: Utah State Implementation Plan Control Measures for Area and Point Sources, Ozone, Section IX, Part D.” [Online] Available at https://yosemite.epa.gov/R8/R8Sips.nsf/0/2fac23c6ff2940e687256ba7005e34d7?OpenDocument (Accessed May 20, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Clean Air Amendments of 1977 Public Law 95–95, 91 Stat. 685.
   Google Scholar
• “State Binder Specs.” [Online] Available at http://www.asphaltinstitute.org/ai_pages/Technical_Focus_Areas/State_Binder_Specs/State_Binder_Specs_Index.asp (Accessed November 1, 2005).
   Google Scholar
• “The Market for Polymer Modified Asphalts in the USA—2003: Volumes and Trends.” Presented at the annual meeting of the Association of Modified Asphalt Producers, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 2004 [Online]. Available at http://www.modifiedasphalt.org/papers/market%20trends.pdf (Accessed May20, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Brown , D. C. 2004 . Working with polymer modifiers. . Better Roads, June , : 74 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie , H. M. 1992 . “ The evolution of hot mix asphalt ” . In A Century of Progress: The History of Hot Mix Asphalt , Lanham , Md. : National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) .
   Google Scholar