Inter-Worker Variability in Lower Body Postures During Assembly Line Work: Implications for Exposure Assessment

REFERENCES

• Eisen , E. A. , Wegman , D. H. and O'Neill , M. S. 2005 . “ Epidemiology ” . In Occupational and Environmental Health: Recognizing and Preventing Work-related Disease and Injury, , 5th ed. , Edited by: Levy , B. S. , Wegman , D. H. , Baron , S. L. and Sokas , R. K. 179 – 189 . Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• Buringh , E. and Lanting , R. 1991 . Exposure variability in the workplace: Its implications for the assessment of compliance . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 52 : 6 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao , S. , Silverstein , B. , Howard , N. and Spielholz , P. 2006 . “ The Washington State SHARP Approach to Exposure Assessment ” . In The Occupational Ergonomics Handbook: Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics, , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Marras , W. S. and Karwowski , W. Vol. 44 , 1 – 22 . Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Macfarlane , G. , Thomas , E. , Papageorgiu , A. , Croft , P. , Jayson , M. and Silman , A. 1997 . Employment and physical work activities as predictors of future low back pain . Spine , 22 ( 10 ) : 1143 – 1149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madeleine , P , Voigt , M. and Arendt-Neilsen , L. 1998 . Subjective physiological and biomedical responses to prolonged manual work performed standing on hard surfaces . Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. , 77 : 1 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory , D. and Callaghan , J. 2008 . Prolonged standing as a precursor for the development of low back discomfort: An investigation of possible mechanisms . Gait and Posture , 28 ( 1 ) : 86 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freivalds , A. and Niebel , B. 2009 . Niebel's Methods, Standards and Work Design, , 12th ed. , 545 – 576 . Boston, Mass. : McGraw-Hill Higher Education .
   Google Scholar
• Fleiss , J. , Levin , B. and Paik , M. 2003 . Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, , 3rd ed. , 50 – 63 . Hoboken, N. J. : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Marras , W. and Karwowski , W. , eds. 2006 . The Occupational Ergonomics Handbook: Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics, , 2nd ed. , Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Waters , T. , Putz-Anderson , V. , Garg , A. and Fine , L. 1993 . Revised NIOSH equation for the design and evaluation of manual lifting tasks . Ergonomics , 36 ( 7 ) : 749 – 776 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACGIH . 2007 . “ Lifting ” . In 2007 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Limits. , 181 – 184 . Cincinnati, Ohio : ACGIH Worldwide .
   Google Scholar
• Snook , S. and Ciriello , V. 1991 . The design of manual handling tasks: Revised tables of maximum acceptable weights and forces . Ergonomics , 34 : 1197 – 1213 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marras , W. and Allread , G. 2006 . “ Industrial Lumbar Motion Monitor ” . In The Occupational Ergonomics Handbook: Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics, , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Marras , W. S. and Karwowski , W. Vol. 49 , 1 – 25 . Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• ACGIH . 2007 . “ Hand Activity Level ” . In 2007 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Limits. , 178 – 181 . Cincinnati, Ohio : ACGIH Worldwide .
   Google Scholar
• McAtamney , L. and Corlett , N. 1993 . RULA: A survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders . Appl. Ergon. , 24 ( 2 ) : 91 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , S. and Garg , A. 1995 . The Strain Index: A proposed method to analyze jobs for risk of distal upper extremity disorders . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 56 : 443 – 458 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bigos , S. , Spengler , D. , Martin , N. , Zeh , J. , Fisher , L. and Nachemson , A. 1986 . Back injuries in industry: A retrospective study. II. Injury factors . Spine , 11 : 246 – 251 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonjers , P. , Boshuizen , H. , Hulshof , C. and Koemeester , A. 1988 . Back disorders in crane operators exposed to whole-body vibration . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 60 : 129 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildebrandt , V. 1995 . Back pain in working population, prevalence rates in Dutch trades and professions . Ergonomics , 36 ( 8 ) : 1283 – 1298 .
   Google Scholar
• Stetson , D. , Silverstein , B. , Keyserling , W. , Wolfe , R. and Albers , J. 1993 . Median sensory distal amplitude and latency: Comparisons among non-exposed managerial/professional employees and industrial workers . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 24 : 175 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punnett , L. 1998 . Ergonomic stressors and upper extremity disorders in vehicle manufacturing, cross-sectional exposure—Response trends . Occup. Environ. Med. , 55 : 414 – 420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punnett , L. , Fine , L. , Keyserling , W. , Herrin , G. and Chaffin , D. 1991 . Back disorders and non-neutral trunk postures of automobile assembly workers . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 17 : 337 – 346 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallentin , N. , Juul-Kristesen , B. Mikkelsen , S. 2001 . Physical exposure assessment in monotonous repetitive work—The PRIM Study . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 27 : 21 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyserling , W. M. 1986 . Postural analysis of the trunk and shoulders in simulated real time . Ergonomics , 29 : 569 – 583 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar