Inhalation Exposure to Cleaning Products: Application of a Two-Zone Model

REFERENCES

• Bureau of Labor Statistics . Janitors and Building Cleaners . Available at http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos174.htm (accessed September 10, 2010)
   Google Scholar
• California Air Resources Board . 1991 . Activity Patterns of California Residents , Edited by: Wiley , J. A. , Robinson , J. P.P. Piazza , T. Sacramento , Calif. : California Air Resources Board .
   Google Scholar
• California Air Resources Board, California Environmental Protection Agency . 2006 . Indoor Air Chemistry: Cleaning Agents, Ozone and Toxic Air Contaminants , Edited by: Nazaroff , W. W. , Coleman , B. K. Destaillats , H. Sacramento , Calif. : California Air Resources Board, California Environmental Protection Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Nazaroff , W. W. and Weschler , C. J. 2004 . Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants . Atmos. Environ. , 38 ( 18 ) : 2841 – 2865 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodes , C. E. , Kamens , R. M. and Wiener , R. W. 1991 . The significance and characteristics of the personal activity cloud on exposure assessment measurements for indoor air . Indoor Air , 2 : 123 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Girman , J. , Hodgson , A. and Wind , M. 1987 . Considerations in evaluating emissions from consumer products . Atmos. Environ. , 21 : 315 – 320 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee , B. B. , Williams , M. K. , Walford , J. and King , E. 1969 . Location of personal sampler filter heads . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 30 : 643 – 645 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keil , C. B. and Nicas , M. 2003 . Predicting room vapor concentrations due to spills of organic solvents . AIHAJ , 64 ( 4 ) : 445 – 454 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habib , R. R. , El-Masri , A. and Heath , R. L. 2006 . Women's strategies for handling household detergents . Environ. Res. , 101 ( 2 ) : 184 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace , L. A. , Pellizzari , E. D. , Hartwell , T. D. , Sparacino , C. M. , Sheldon , L. S. and Zelon , H. 1985 . Personal exposures, indoor outdoor relationships, and breath levels of toxic air-pollutants measured for 355 persons in New Jersey . Atmos. Environ. , 19 ( 10 ) : 1651 – 1661 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furtaw , E. J. , Pandian , M. D. , Nelson , D. R. and Behar , J. V. 1996 . Modeling indoor air concentrations near emission sources in imperfectly mixed rooms . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 46 ( 9 ) : 861 – 868 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBride , S. , Ferro , A. , Ott , W. , Switzer , P. and Hildemann , L. 1999 . Investigations of the proximity effects for pollutants in the indoor environment . J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , 9 : 602 – 621 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hemeon , W. 1955 . Plant and Process Ventilation , New York : Industrial Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nicas , M. 1996 . Estimating exposure intensity in an imperfectly mixed room . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 57 : 542 – 550 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahmel , J. , Unice , K. , Scott , P. , Cowan , D. and Paustenbach , D. 2009 . The use of multizone models to estimate an airborne chemical contaminant generation and decay profile: Occupational exposures of hairdressers to vinyl chloride in hairspray during the 1960s and 1970s . Risk Anal , 29 ( 12 ) : 1699 – 1725 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherrie , J. W. 1999 . The effect of room size and general ventilation on the relationship between near and far-field concentrations . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 14 : 539 – 546 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang , Q. , Zeng , L. P. , Xie , G. X. , Zhang , G. Q. and Niu , J. L. 2009 . Impact of human motion on TVOCs inhalation dose under side re-circulated ventilation . J. Cent. South Univ. T. , 16 : 599 – 607 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rim , D. and Novoselac , A. 2009 . Transport of particulate and gaseous pollutants in the vicinity of a human body . Build. Environ. , 44 ( 9 ) : 1840 – 1849 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorn , E. and Nielsen , P. V. 2002 . Dispersal of exhaled air and personal exposure in displacement ventilated rooms . Indoor Air , 12 ( 3 ) : 147 – 164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie , D. , Wang , H. Q. , Deng , Q. H. and Xiong , J. 2007 . Investigation on different ventilation patterns in an office room . J. Cent. South. Univ. T. , 14 : 66 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cano-Ruiz , J. A. , Kong , D. , Balas , R. B. and Nazaroff , W. W. 1993 . Removal of reactive gases at indoor surfaces—Combining mass-transport and surface kinetics . Atmos. Environ. Part A—General Topics , 27 ( 13 ) : 2039 – 2050 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparks , L. E. , Guo , Z. , Chang , J. C. and Tichenor , B. A. 1999 . Volatile organic compound emissions from latex paint—Part 1. Chamber experiments and source model development . Indoor Air , 9 ( 1 ) : 10 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rim , D. and Novoselac , A. 2010 . Occupational exposure to hazardous airborne pollutants: Effects of air mixing and source location . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 7 : 683 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) . 2009 . Metabolically Derived Human Ventilation Rates: A Revised Approach Based upon Oxygen Consumption Rates , Washington , D.C. : USEPA . (Final Report) EPA/600/R-06/129F
   Google Scholar
• Wu , X. M. , Apte , M. G. , Maddalena , R. and Bennett , D. H. 2011 . Volatile organic compounds in small- and medium-sized commercial buildings in California . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 45 ( 20 ) : 9075 – 9083 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer , B. C. , Destaillats , H. , Hodgson , A. T. and Nazaroff , W. W. 2006 . Cleaning products and air fresheners: Emissions and resulting concentrations of glycol ethers and terpenoids . Indoor Air , 16 ( 3 ) : 179 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaakkola , J. J.K. and Jaakkola , M. S. 2006 . Professional cleaning and asthma . Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , 6 ( 2 ) : 85 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenman , K. D. , Reilly , M. J. Schill , D. P. 2003 . Cleaning products and work-related asthma . J. Occup. Environ. Med. , 45 ( 5 ) : 556 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medina-Ramon , M. , Zock , J. P. Kogevinas , M. 2006 . Short-term respiratory effects of cleaning exposures in female domestic cleaners . Eur. Respir. J. , 27 ( 6 ) : 1196 – 1203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirce , S. and Barranco , P. 2010 . Cleaning agents and asthma . J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol. , 20 ( 7 ) : 542 – 550 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zock , J. P. , Plana , E. Jarvis , D. 2007 . The use of household cleaning sprays and adult asthma—An international longitudinal study . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , 176 ( 8 ) : 735 – 741 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherriff , A. , Farrow , A. , Golding , J. , Henderson , J. and Team , A. S. 2005 . Frequent use of chemical household products is associated with persistent wheezing in pre-school age children . Thorax , 60 ( 1 ) : 45 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , J. , Sherriff , A. , Farrow , A. and Ayres , J. G. 2008 . Household chemicals, persistent wheezing and lung function: Effect modification by atopy? . Eur. Respir. J. , 31 ( 3 ) : 547 – 554 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. National Library of Medicine . Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) . Available at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB (accessed April 14, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) . 2006 . ASTER (Assessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk) , Washington , D.C. : USEPA, Office of Research and Development .
   Google Scholar
• Mackay , D. , Shiu , W. Y. , Ma , K. and Lee , S. C. 2006 . Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals , Boca Raton , Fla. : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Steinemann , A. C. , MacGregor , I. C. Gordon , S. M. 2011 . Fragranced consumer products: Chemicals emitted, ingredients unlisted . Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. , 31 ( 3 ) : 328 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar