564
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Simulated Transfer of Liquids and Powders from Hands and Clothing to the Mouth

, &

REFERENCES

  • Cherrie, J.W., S. Semple, Y. Christopher, A. Saleem, G.W. Hughson, andA. Philips:How important is inadvertent ingestion of hazardous substances at work? Ann. Occup. Hyg. 50(7):693–704 (2006).
  • Xue, J., V. Zartarian, J. Moya, et al.:A meta-analysis of children's hand-to-mouth frequency data for estimating nondietary ingestion exposure. Risk Anal. 27(2):411–420 (2007).
  • Xue, J., V. Zartarian, N. Tulve, et al.: A meta-analysis of children's object-to-mouth frequency data for estimating non-dietary ingestion exposure. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 20(6):536–545 (2010).
  • Nicas, M., and D. Best: A study quantifying the hand-to-face contact rate and its potential application to predicting respiratory tract infection. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 5(6):347–352 (2008).
  • Zainudin, A.: “Determination of the Factors Influencing Transfer of Chemicals from the Work Environment to the Skin and Hence from Hands to the Perioral Area.” MSc diss., University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., 2004.
  • Christopher, Y.: “Inadvertent Ingestion Exposure to Hazardous Substances in the Workplace.” PhD diss., University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., 2008.
  • Deubner, D.C., Y.W. Lowney, D.J. Paustenbach,and J. Warmerdam: Contribution of incidental exposure pathways to total beryllium exposures. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 16(5):568–578 (2001).
  • Beyer, L.A., M.R. Seeley, and B.D. Beck: Evaluation of potential exposure to metals in laundered shop towels. INJ Winter:22–37 (2003).
  • Gaborek, B.J., J.M. Mullikin, A.T. Pitrat, L. Cummings, and L.M. May: Pentagon surface wipe sampling health risk assessment. Toxicol. Ind. Health 17(5–10):254–261 (2001).
  • California Environmental Protection Agency (CEPA): Guideline for Hand-to-Mouth Transfer of Lead Through Exposure to Fishing Tackle Products. Interpretive Guideline No. 2008-001. Sacramento, Calif., CEPA, 2008.
  • Stapleton, H.M., S.M. Kelly, J.G. Allen, M.D. McClean, and T.F. Webster: Measurement of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on hand wipes: Estimating exposure from hand-to-mouth contact. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42(9):3329–3334 (2008).
  • Gorman Ng, M.J., S. Semple, J.W. Cherrie, et al.: The relationship between inadvertent ingestion and dermal exposure pathways: A new integrated conceptual model and a database of dermal and oral transfer efficiencies. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 56(9):1000–1012 (2012).
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): “Acids, Inorganic,” 1994. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/7903.pdf (accessed February 21, 2013).
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): “Metal and Metalloid Particulates in Workplace Atmospheres (Atomic Absorption),” 2002, ID-121. Available at http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/inorganic/id121/id121.html (accessed February 21, 2013).
  • Hornung, R.W., and L.W. Reed: Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 5:46–51 (1990).
  • Helsel, D: Much ado about next to nothing: Incorporating nondetects in science. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 54:257–262 (2010).
  • Driver, J.H., J.J. Konz, and G.K. Whitmyre: Soil adherence to human skin. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 43:814–820 (1989).
  • Kissel, J.C., K.Y. Richter, and R.A. Fenske: Factors affecting soil adherence to skin in hand-press trials. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 56:722–728 (1996).
  • Choate, L.M., J.F. Ranville, A.L. Bunge,and D.L. Macalady: Dermally adhered soil: 1. Amount and particle-size distribution. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manage. 2(4):375–384 (2006).
  • Ferguson, A.C.: Soil-skin adherence from carpet: Use of a mechanical chamber to control contact parameters. J. Environ. Sci. Health A 43:1451–1458 (2008).
  • Carpenter, G.H.: The secretion, components and properties of saliva. Annu. Rev. Food. Sci. Technol. 4:267–276 (2013).
  • Cohen Hubal, E.A., J.C. Suggs, M.G. Nishioka, and W.A. Ivancic: Characterizing residue transfer efficiencies using a fluorescent imaging technique. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 15(3):261–270 (2005).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.