References
- Sachs, E., M. Cima, and J. Cornie: Three-dimensional printing: Rapid tooling and prototypes directly from a CAD model. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 39(1):201–204 (1990).
- Baraniuk, C.: Beyond 3D printing: The all-in-one factory. New Sci. 219(2930):20 (2013).
- Kitson, P.J., M.D. Symes, V. Dragone, and L. Cronin: Combining 3D printing and liquid handling to produce user-friendly reactionware for chemical synthesis and purification. Chem. Sci. 4(8):3099–3103 (2013).
- Arenas, L.F., F.C. Walsh, and C.P. de León: 3D-printing of redox flow batteries for energy storage: a rapid prototype laboratory cell. ECS J. Soild State Sci. Technol. 4(4):P3080–P3085 (2015).
- Kreiger, M., and J.M. Pearce: Environmental impacts of distributed manufacturing from 3-D printing of polymer components and products. MRS Online Proc. Lib. 1492:85–90 (2013).
- Warnke, P.H., H. Seitz, F. Warnke, et al.: Ceramic scaffolds produced by computer-assisted 3D printing and sintering: Characterization and biocompatibility investigations. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater. 93B(1):212–217 (2010).
- Zhao, L., V.K. Lee, S.-S. Yoo, G. Dai, and X. Intes: The integration of 3-D cell printing and mesoscopic fluorescence molecular tomography of vascular constructs within thick hydrogel scaffolds. Biomaterials 33(21):5325–5332 (2012).
- NASA: “3D Printer Headed to Space Station.” Available at https://www.nasa.gov/content/3d-printer-headed-to-space-station.
- Joe, P.S., P.C. Shum, D.W. Brown, and C.T. Lungu: A novel method for designing and fabricating low-cost facepiece prototypes. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 11(10):665–671 (2014).
- Berman, B.: 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution. Bus. Horiz. 55(2):155–162 (2012).
- Biswas, P., and C.-Y. Wu: Nanoparticles and the environment. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 55(6):708–746 (2005).
- Stephens, B., P. Azimi, Z. El Orch, and T. Ramos: Ultrafine particle emissions from desktop 3D printers. Atmos. Environ. 79(0):334–339 (2013).
- Afshar-Mohajer, N., C.-Y. Wu, T. Ladun, D.A. Rajon, and Y. Huang: Characterization of particulate matters and total VOC emissions from a binder jetting 3D printer. Build. Environ. 93(Part 2):293–301 (2015).
- Kim, Y., C. Yoon, S. Ham, et al.: Emissions of nanoparticles and gaseous material from 3D printer operation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49(20):12044–12053 (2015).
- Azimi, P., D. Zhao, C. Pouzet, N.E. Crain, and B. Stephens: Emissions of ultrafine particles and volatile organic compounds from commercially available desktop three-dimensional printers with multiple filaments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50(3):1260–1268 (2016).
- Steinle, P.: Characterization of emissions from a desktop 3D printer and indoor air measurements in office settings. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 13(2):121–132 (2016).
- Contos, D.A., M.W. Holdren, D.L. Smith, R.C. Brooke, V.L. Rhodes, and M.L. Rainey: Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds evolved during thermal processing of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composite resins. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 45(9):686–694 (1995).
- Unwin, J., M.R. Coldwell, C. Keen, and J.J. McAlinden: Airborne emissions of carcinogens and respiratory sensitizers during thermal processing of plastics. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 57(3):399–406 (2013).
- IARC: “Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.” Available at http://monographs.iarc.fr/.
- OSHA: Styrene. In Toxic and Hazardous Substances, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Washington, DC: US Department of Labor, 2006.
- NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, 1997.
- USEPA: Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Styrene. Washington, DC: USEPA, 1999.
- EPA: TO-15 Determination of VOCs in air collected in specially prepared canisters and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). EPA 625/R-96/010b. Washington, DC: USEPA, 2009.
- ISO: ISO 16000-6:2011: Indoor Air- Part 6: Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor and Test Chamber air by Active Sampling on Tenax TA Sorbent, Thermal Desorption and Gas Chromatography using MS or MS-FID. Berlin: Beuth Verlag, 2011.
- Lee, S.C., S. Lam, and H. Kin Fai: Characterization of VOCs, ozone, and PM10 emissions from office equipment in an environmental chamber. Build. Environ. 36(7):837–842 (2001).
- Schripp, T., M. Wensing, E. Uhde, T. Salthammer, C. He, and L. Morawska: Evaluation of ultrafine particle emissions from laser printers using emission test chambers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42(12):4338–4343 (2008).
- Zhu, W., and J. Zhang: Mechanical and thermal properties of (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic)/(α-methylstyrene-acrylonitrile) binary blends. J. Vinyl Add. Tech. 22(2):156–162 (2016).
- NTP: “NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Alpha-methylstyrene in F334/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).” Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institutes of Health, 2007.
- Fix, D., and R. Bockrath: Targeted mutation at cytosine-containing pyrimidine dimers: studies of Escherichia coli B/r with acetophenone and 313-nm light. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80(14):4446–4449 (1983).
- Lira, C.T., and P.J. McCrackin: Conversion of lactic acid to acrylic acid in near-critical water. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 32(11):2608–2613 (1993).
- Sun, J.: D-limonene: safety and clinical applications. Altern. Med. Rev. 12(3):259–264 (2007).
- EPA: “Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Benzaldehyde (CASRN 100-52-7).” Available at http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0332.htm.
- OSHA: Ethylbenzene. In: Toxic and Hazardous Substances. Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Washington, DC: US Department of Labor, 2006.
- Schulte, P.A., V. Murashov, R. Zumwalde, E.D. Kuempel, and C.L. Geraci: Occupational exposure limits for nanomaterials: state of the art. J. Nanopart. Res. 12(6):1971–1987 (2010).
- Brouwer, D.H.: Control banding approaches for nanomaterials. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 56(5):506–514 (2012).