576
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Blood lead concentration and exposure related factors in Korea from the National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) II (2012–2014)

, , , , , , , , , , & show all

References

  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs. Volumes 1–121 (2018). Available at http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/ latest_classif.php. Epub June 23, 2018.
  • Becker, K., C. Schroeter-Kermani, M. Seiwert, et al.: German health-related environmental monitoring: Assessing time trends of the general population’s exposure to heavy metals. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 216:250–254 (2013).
  • Health Canada: Third report on human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals in Canada: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 3 (2012–2013) by the Minister of Health, 0900C2 Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, pp. 23–24 (2015).
  • Tsoi, M.F., C.L. Cheung, T.T. Cheung, and B.M. Cheung: Continual decrease in blood lead level in Americans: United States National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey 1999–2014. Am. J. Med. 129:1213–1218 (2016).
  • McElvenny, D.M., B.G. Miller, L.A. MacCalman, et al.: Mortality of a cohort of workers in Great Britain with blood lead measurements. Occup. Environ. Med. 72:625–632 (2015).
  • Sindhu, K.K., and W.W. Sutherling: Role of lead in the central nervous system: Effect on electroencephlography, evoked potentials, electroretinography, and nerve conduction. Neurodiagn. J. 55:107–121 (2015).
  • Almeida Lopes, A.C.B. , E.K. Silbergeld, A. Navas-Acien, et al.: Association between blood lead and blood pressure: A population-based study in Brazilian adults. Environ. Health 16:27 (2017).
  • Jakubowski, M.: Low-level environmental lead exposure and intellectual impairment in children: The current concepts of risk assessment. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 24:1–7 (2011).
  • Wani, A.L., A. Ara, and J.A. Usmani: Lead toxicity: A review. Interdiscip. Toxicol. 8:55–64 (2015).
  • Temmerman, L.D., and M. Hoenig: Vegetable crops for biomonitoring lead and cadmium deposition. J. Atmos. Chem. 49:121–135 (2004).
  • Tong, S., Y.E. von Schirnding, and T. Prapamontol: Environmental lead exposure: A public health problem of global dimensions. Bull. World Health Organ. 78:1068–1078 (2000).
  • Levallois, P., P. Barn, M. Valcke, D. Gauvin, and T. Kosatsky: Public health consequences of lead in drinking water. Curr. Environ. Health Rep. 5:255–262 (2018).
  • Nichani, V., W.I. Li, M.A. Smith, et al: Blood lead levels in children after phase-out of leaded gasoline in Bombay, India. Sci. Total Environ. 363:95–106 (2006).
  • Thomas, V.M., R.H. Socolow, J.J. Fanelli, and T.G. Spiro: Effects of reducing lead in gasoline: An analysis of the international experience. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33:3942–3948 (1999).
  • Kim, Y. and B.K. Lee: Associations of blood lead, cadmium, and mercury with estimated glomerular filtration rate in the Korean general population: Analysis of 2008–2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Environ. Res. 118:124–129 (2012).
  • Kim, Y., and B.K. Lee: Association between blood lead and mercury levels and periodontitis in the Korean general population: Analysis of the 2008–2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 86:607–613 (2013).
  • Jung, W., Y. Kim, H. Lihm, and J. Kang: Associations between blood lead, cadmium, and mercury levels with hyperuricemia in the Korean general population: A retrospective analysis of population-based nationally representative data. Int. J. Rheum. Dis. 22:1435–1444 (2019).
  • Jeong, S.W., C.K. Lee, C.H. Suh et al.: Lead concentration in blood and related factors in Korea from the 2008 National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in the Human Body. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 217:871–877 (2014).
  • CDC: Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, Updated Table. Feb. 2015. National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Science, Atlanta, GA, pp. 230–232 (2015).
  • Ding, C., Y. Pan, A. Zhang, et al.: Study of distribution and influencing factors of lead and cadmium in whole blood and urine among population in 8 provinces in China. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 48:91–96 (2014).
  • Cañas, A.I., M. Cervantes-Amat, M. Esteban, et al.: Blood lead levels in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population: The BIOAMBIENT.ES project. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 217:452–459 (2014).
  • Smolders, R., A. Alimonti, M. Cerna, et al.: Availability and comparability of human biomonitoring data across Europe: A case-study on blood-lead levels. Sci. Total Environ. 408:1437–1445 (2010).
  • Jeong, Y., J.H. Yang, J.H. Lee, M.S. Hyang, and S.J. Cho: Blood lead level in Korean general population. J. Environ. Toxicol. 14:189–201 (1999). (Article in Korean).
  • Pirkle, J.L., R.B. Kaufmann, D.J. Brody, T. Hickman, E.W. Gunter, and D.C. Paschal: Exposure of the U.S. population to lead, 1991–1994. Environ. Health Perspect. 106:745–50 (1998).
  • Muntner, M., M. Andy, K.B. DeSalvo, F.A. Rabito, and V. Batuman: Continued decline in blood lead levels among adults in the United States. Arch. Intern. Med. 165:2155–2161 (2005).
  • Bushnik, T., D. Haines, P. Levallois, J. Levesque, J. Van Oostdam, and C. Viau: Lead and bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population. Health Rep. 21:7–18 (2010).
  • Ikeda, M., F. Ohashi, Y. Fukui, S. Sakuragi, and J. Moriguchi: Cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese and nickel concentrations in blood of women in non-polluted areas in Japan, as determined by inductively coupled plasma-sector field-mass spectrometry. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 84:139–150 (2011).
  • Nash, D., L.S. Magder, R. Sherwin, J.R. Robert, and K.S. Ellen: Bone density-related predictors of blood lead level among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Am. J. Epidemiol. 160:901–911 (2004).
  • Campbell, J.R, and P. Auinger: The association between blood lead levels and osteoporosis among adults: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Environ. Health Perspect. 115:1018–1022 (2007).
  • Hertz-Picciotto, I., M. Schramm, M. Watt-Morse, K. Chantala, J. Anderson, and J. Osterloh: Patterns and determinants of blood lead during pregnancy. Am. J. Epidemiol. 152:829–837 (2000).
  • Brockhaus, A., I. Freier, U. Ewers, E. Jermann, and R. Dolgner: Levels of cadmium and lead in blood in relation to smoking, sex, occupation, and other factors in an adult population of the FRG. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 52:167–175 (1983).
  • Yang, J.S., S.K. Kang, I.J. Park, K.Y. Rhee, Y.H. Moon, and D.H. Sohn: Lead concentrations in blood among the general population of Korea. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 68:199–202 (1996).
  • Lee, B.K., and Y. Kim: Sex-specific profiles of blood metal levels associated with metal-iron interactions. Saf. Health Work 5:113–117 (2014).
  • Weyermann, M., and H. Brenner: Alcohol consumption and smoking habits as determinants of blood lead levels in a national population sample from Germany. Arch. Environ. Health 52:233–239 (1997).
  • Mannino, D.M., D.M. Homa, T. Matte, and M. Hernandez-Avila: Active and passive smoking and blood lead levels in U.S. adults: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nicotine Tob. Res. 7:557–564 (2005).
  • Jung, M.C., I. Thornton, and H.T. Chon: Arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc concentrations in cigarettes produced in Korea and the United Kingdom. Environ. Technol. 19:237–241 (1998).
  • Cho, S.E., H.K. Kim, and K.J. Hwang: Semiquantitative analysis of metal for cigarette product by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Kor. Soc. Tobacco Sci. 31:95–106 (2009). (Article in Korean).
  • Kim, N.S., and B.K. Lee: National estimates of blood lead, cadmium, and mercury levels in the Korean general adult population. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 84:53–63 (2011).
  • No, K.M., K.M. Kang, S.L. Baek, H. Choi, S.K. Park, and D.S. Kim: Monitoring of heavy metal content in alcoholic beverages J. Food Hyg. Saf. 25:24–29 (2010).
  • Ooi, P.L., K.T. Goh, B.H. Heng, C.T. Sam, K.H. Kong, and U. Rajan: Biological monitoring of human exposure to environmental lead in Singapore. Rev. Environ. Health 9:207–213 (1991).
  • Falq, G., A. Zeghnoun, M. Pascal, et al.: Blood lead levels in the adult population living in France the French Nutrition and Health Survey (ENNS 2006–2007). Environ. Int. 37:565–571 (2011).
  • Morisi, G., A. Menditto, A. Spagnolo, M. Patriarca, and A. Menotti: Association of selected social, environmental and constitutional factors to blood lead levels in men aged 55–75 years. Sci. Total Environ. 126:209–229 (1992).
  • Liou, S.H., T.N. Wu, H.C. Chiang, et al: Blood lead levels in Taiwanese adults: Distribution and influencing factors. Sci. Total Environ. 180:211–219 (1996).
  • Leroyer, A., D. Hemon, C. Nisse, J. Bazerques, J.L. Salomez, and J.M. Haguenoer: Environmental exposure to lead in a population of adults living in northern France: Lead burden levels and their determinants. Sci. Total Environ. 267:87–99 (2001).
  • Eom, S.Y., M.S. Hwang, J.A. Lim, et al.: Exome-wide association study identifies genetic polymorphisms of C12orf51, MYL2, and ALDH2 associated with blood lead levels in the general Korean population. Environ. Health 16:11 (2017).
  • Ma, J., N.M. Betts, and J.S. Hampl: Clustering of lifestyle behaviors: The relationship between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary intake. Am. J. Health Promot. 15:107–117 (2000).
  • Koh, H.L., and S.O. Woo: Chinese proprietary medicine in Singapore: Regulatory control of toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs. Drug Saf. 23:351–362 (2000).
  • Garvey, G.J., G. Hahn, R.V. Lee, and R.D. Harbison: Heavy metal hazards of Asian traditional remedies. Int. J. Environ. Health Res. 11:63–71 (2001).
  • Ernst, E.: Toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs in Asian herbal medicines. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 23:136–139 (2002).
  • Dey, S., A. Saxena, A. Dan, and D. Swarup: Indian medicinal herb: A source of lead and cadmium for humans and animals. Arch. Environ. Occup. Health 64:164–167 (2009).
  • Aziz, M.A., M. Adnan, S. Begum, A. Azizullah, R. Nazir, and S. Iram: A review on the elemental contents of Pakistani medicinal plants: Implications for folk medicines. J. Ethnopharmacol. 188:177–192 (2016
  • Kim, D., K.H. Hwang, M. Lee, J.H. Kim, K. Jung, and S.K. Park: Toxic metal content in 52 frequently prescribed herbal medicines on the Korean market. Food Addit. Contam. Part B Surveill. 8:199–206 (2015).
  • Kim, H., P.J. Hughes, and E.M. Hawes: Adverse events associated with metal contamination of traditional Chinese medicines in Korea: A clinical review. Yonsei Med. J. 55:1177–1786 (2014).
  • Auyeung, T.W., K.K. Chang, C.H. To, A. Mak, and M.L. Szeto: Three patients with lead poisoning following use of a Chinese herbal pill. Hong Kong Med. J. 8:60–62 (2002). PMID: 11861997.
  • Wu, M.L., J.F. Deng, K.P. Lin, and W.J. Tsai: Lead, mercury, and arsenic poisoning due to topical use of traditional Chinese medicines. Am. J. Med. 126:451–454 (2013).
  • Breeher, L., M.A. Mikulski, T. Czeczok, K. Leinenkugel, and L.J. Fuortes: A cluster of lead poisoning among consumers of Ayurvedic medicine. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 21:303–307 (2015).
  • McKelvey, W., R.C. Gwynn, N. Jeffery. et al.: A biomonitoring study of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the blood of New York City adults. Environ. Health Perspect. 115:1435–1441 (2007).
  • Chambial, S., P. Bhardwaj, A.A. Mahdi, and P. Sharma: Lead poisoning due to herbal medications. Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 32:246–247 (2017).
  • Buettner, C., K.J. Mukamal, P. Gardiner, R.B. Davis, R. S. Phillips, and M.A. Mittleman: Herbal supplement use and blood lead levels of United States adults. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 24:1175–1182 (2009).
  • Chu, N.F., S.H. Liou, T.N. Wu, K.N. Ko, and P.Y. Chang: Risk factors for high blood lead levels among the general population in Taiwan. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 14:775–781 (1998).
  • Ernst, E. and J. Thompson Coon: Heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines: A systematic review. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 70:497–504 (2001).
  • Chan, K.: Some aspects of toxic contaminants in herbal medicines. Chemosphere 52:1361–1371 (2003).
  • Son, J.Y., J.H. Lee, D.M. Paek, and J.T. Lee: Blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the Korean population: Results from the second Korean National Human Exposure and Bio-monitoring Examination. Environ. Res. 109:738–744 (2009).
  • Choi, M.G., M.J. Park, and S.H. Kim: Reference values of lead in blood and related factors among Korean adolescents: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2013. Korean J. Pediatr. 59:114–119 (2016). Available at http://www.kjp.or.kr/upload/KJP_59_3_114_119_20125550522.pdf
  • Seo, J.W., B.G. Kim, Y.M. Kim, et al.: Trend of blood lead, mercury, and cadmium levels in Korean population: Data analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Environ. Monit. Assess. 187:146 (2015).
  • Awata, H., S. Linder, L.E. Mitchell, and G.L. Delclos: Association of dietary intake and biomarker levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury among Asian populations in the United States: NHANES 2011–2012. Environ. Health Perspect. 125:314–323 (2017). doi:10.1289/EHP28. Epub September 2, 216.
  • Laamech, J., A. Bernard, X. Dumont, B. Benazzouz, and B. Lyoussi: Blood lead, cadmium and mercury among children from urban, industrial and rural areas of Fez Boulemane Region (Morocco): Relevant factors and early renal effects. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 27:641–59 (2014). doi:10.2478/s13382–014–0275–7.
  • Office of Waterworks Seoul Metropolitan Government: Achieving the world’s best water quality (2014). Available at http://arisu.seoul.go.kr/ittecomm/c2/sub2.jsp.
  • Kim, K.H., J.P. Susaya, C.G. Park, J.H. Uhm, and J. Hur: Comprehensive monitoring of drinking well water quality in Seoul metropolitan city, Korea. Environ. Monit. Assess. 185:6353–6378 (2013).
  • Elmarsafawy, S.F., S.W. Tsaih, and S. Korrick: Occupational determinants of bone and blood lead levels in middle aged and elderly men from the general community: The Normative Aging Study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:38–49 (2002).
  • Ji, J.S., J. Schwartz, D. Sparrow, H. Hu, and M.G. Weisskopf: Occupational determinants of cumulative lead exposure: Analysis of bone lead among men in the VA normative aging study. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 56:435–440 (2014).
  • Kelsall, L.M., T.E. de Gooyer, M. Carey, L. Vaughan, and Z. Ansari: Blood lead levels in the adult Victorian population: Results from the Victorian Health Monitor. Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health 37:233–723 (2013).
  • Tagne-Fotso, R., A. Leroyer, M. Howsam, B. Dehon, C. Richeval, and C. Nisse: Current sources of lead exposure and their relative contributions to the blood lead levels in the general adult population of Northern France: The IMEPOGE Study, 2008-2010. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 79:245–265 (2016).
  • De Almeida Lopes, A., A. Navas-Acien, R. Zamoiski, et al.: Risk factors for lead exposure in adult population in southern Brazil. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 78:92–108 (2015).
  • Nakhaee, S., A. Amirabadizadeh, A. Zarban, et al.: The reference value of blood lead level among the general adult population of eastern Iran. J. Environ. Sci. Health A Epub ahead of print (2019).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.