771
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Expenditure Differences Among Conference and Regular Tourists in Taiwan: The Role of Situational Factors

&
Pages 290-312 | Published online: 13 Dec 2011

REFERENCES

  • Abbey , J. R. and Link , C. K. 1994 . “ The convention and meetings sector—its operation and research needs ” . In Travel, tourism, and hospitality research: A handbook for managers and researchers , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Ritchie , J. R. B. and Goeldner , C. R. 273 – 284 . New York, NY : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Andereck , K. L. and Caldwell , L. L. 1994 . Variable selection in tourism market segmentation models . Journal of Travel Research , 33 ( 2 ) : 40 – 46 .
  • Anić , I. D. and Radas , S. 2006 . The impact of situational factors on purchasing outcomes in the Croatian hypermarket retailer . Ekonomski Pregled , 57 ( 11 ) : 730 – 752 .
  • Belk , R. W. 1975 . Situational variables and consumer behavior . Journal of Consumer Research , 2 ( 3 ) : 157 – 164 .
  • Cai , L. A. 1998 . Analyzing household food expenditure patterns on trips and vacations: A Tobit model . Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research , 22 ( 4 ) : 338 – 358 .
  • Carlson Wagonlit Travel (CWT) . 2011 . “ Travel buyers prioritize meetings management, CWT survey shows ” . Retrieved February 6, 2011, from http://www.successfulmeetings.com/Conference-News/Research-White-Papers/Articles/Travel-Buyers-Prioritize-Meetings-Management,-CWT-Survey-Shows/
  • Cook , R. A. , Yale , L. J. and Marqua , J. J. 2010 . Tourism—The business of travel , 4th ed. , London : Pearson Education Ltd .
  • Craig , W. 1972 . Recreation activity patterns in a small Negro urban community: The role of the cultural base . Economic Geography , 48 ( 1 ) : 107 – 115 .
  • Crouch , G. L. 1994 . The study of international tourism demand: A review of findings . Journal of Travel Research , 33 ( 1 ) : 12 – 23 .
  • Dardis , R. D. , Derrick , F. , Lehfeld , A. and Wolfe , K. E. 1981 . Cross-section studies of recreation expenditures in the United States . Journal of Leisure Research , 13 ( 3 ) : 181 – 194 .
  • Engel , J. F. , Kollat , D. T. and Blackwell , R. D. 1968 . Consumer behavior , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
  • Fish , M. and Waggle , D. 1996 . Current income versus total expenditure measures in regression models of vacation and pleasure travel . Journal of Travel Research , 35 ( 2 ) : 70 – 74 .
  • Gibson , H. 1998 . Sport tourism: A critical analysis of research . Sport Management Review , 1 ( 1 ) : 45 – 76 .
  • Gustafson , P. in press . Managing business travel: Developments and dilemmas in corporate travel management . Tourism Management ,
  • Hauser , J. R. 1978 . Testing the accuracy, usefulness, and significance of probabilistic models: An information theoretic approach . Operations Research , 26 ( 3 ) : 406 – 421 .
  • International Association of Professional Congress Organizers (IAPCO) . 2010 . Over 3.4 B€ from leading PCOs . The PCO , 58 : 1
  • International Congress and Conventions Association (ICCA) . 2009 . The International Meetings Market 1999–2008 , Amsterdam, , the Netherlands : Author .
  • International Congress and Conventions Association (ICCA) . 2010 . ICCA Publishes Country and City Rankings 2009 , Amsterdam, , the Netherlands : Author . Retrieved August 29, 2010, from http://www.iccaworld.com/npps/story.cfm?nppage=2175
  • Jang , S. , Bai , B. , Hong , G. S. and O’Leary , J. T. 2004 . Understanding travel expenditure patterns: A study of Japanese pleasure travelers to the United States by income level . Tourism Management , 25 ( 3 ) : 331 – 341 .
  • Jang , S. , Yu , L. and Pearson , T. E. 2003 . Chinese travellers to the United States: A comparison of business travel and visiting friends and relatives . Tourism Geographies , 5 ( 1 ) : 87 – 108 .
  • Kemperman , A. D. A. M. , Borgers , A. W. J. and Timmermans , H. J. P. 2009 . Tourist shopping behavior in a historic downtown area . Tourism Management , 30 ( 2 ) : 208 – 218 .
  • Kim , W. G. , Park , Y. , Gazzoli , G. , Kim , T. and Brymer , R. S. 2009 . Factors affecting travel expenditure of visitors to Macau. Helsinki, Finland: EuroCHRIE Proceedings . : 1 – 10 .
  • Kotler , P. 1988 . Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control , New York : Prentice Hall .
  • Laesser , C. , Crouch , G. and Beritelli , P. 2006 . Market segmentation by reasons and influences to visit a destination: The case of international visitors to Australia . Tourism Analysis , 11 ( 4 ) : 241 – 249 .
  • Lawson , R. 1991 . Pattern of tourist expenditure and types of vacation across the family life cycle . Journal of Travel Research , 29 ( 4 ) : 12 – 18 .
  • Liddle , A. J. 2005 . Multiple factors influence spending: Age, income and lifestyle all contribute to how much consumers are willing to spend on food outside their homes . Nation's Restaurant News , 39 ( 1 ) : 108
  • Mair , J. and Thompson , K. 2009 . The UK association conference attendance decision-making process . Tourism Management , 30 ( 3 ) : 400 – 409 .
  • March , R. and Woodside , A. G. 2005 . Testing theory of planned versus realized tourism behavior . Annals of Tourism Research , 32 ( 4 ) : 905 – 924 .
  • McDonald , J. F. and Moffitt , R. A. 1980 . The uses of Tobit analysis . The Review of Economics and Statistics , 62 ( 2 ) : 318 – 321 .
  • Menard , S. W. 1995 . Applied Logistic Regression Analysis , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Nicholls , J. A. F. 1997 . Time and companionship: Key factors in Hispanic shopping behavior . Journal of Consumer Marketing , 14 ( 3 ) : 194 – 205 .
  • Nicholls , J. A. F. , Roslow , S. and Comer , L. B. 1995 . Demographic, situational, and shopping comparisons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic mall patrons . Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences , 17 ( 4 ) : 537 – 547 .
  • Oppermann , M. 1996 . Visitation of tourism attractions and tourist expenditure patterns: Repeat versus first-time visitors . Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research , 1 ( 1 ) : 61 – 68 .
  • Oppermann , M. and Chon , K. S. 1997 . Convention participation decision-making process . Annals of Tourism Research , 24 ( 1 ) : 178 – 191 .
  • Park , C. W. , Iyer , E. S. and Smith , D. C. 1989 . The effects of situational factors on in-store grocery shopping behavior: The role of store environment and time available for shopping . Journal of Consumer Research , 15 ( 4 ) : 422 – 433 .
  • Sanchez , J. , Callarisa , L. , Rodriguez , R. M. and Moliner , M. A. 2006 . Perceived value of the purchase of a tourism product . Tourism Management , 27 ( 3 ) : 394 – 409 .
  • Sandell , R. G. 1968 . Effects of attitudinal and situational factors on reported choice behavior . Journal of Marketing Research , 5 ( 4 ) : 405 – 408 .
  • Sharma , P. , Sivakumaran , B. and Marshall , R. 2010 . Impulse buying and variety seeking: A trait-correlates perspective . Journal of Business Research , 63 : 276 – 283 .
  • Sirakaya , E. and Woodside , A. G. 2005 . Building and testing theories of decision making by travelers . Tourism Management , 26 ( 6 ) : 815 – 832 .
  • Soteriades , M. D. and Arvanitis , S. E. 2006 . Expenditure patterns by travel party size: British and German tourists on Crete, Greece . Anatolia , 17 ( 2 ) : 169 – 187 .
  • Suh , Y. K. and Gartner , W. C. 2005 . Preferences and trip expenditures—A conjoint analysis of visitors to Seoul, Korea . Tourism Management , 26 ( 3 ) : 325 – 333 .
  • Taiwan Tourism Bureau . 2008 . 2008 Annual Report , Taipei, , Taiwan : Ministry of Transportation and Communications . Retrieved October 25, 2010, from http://library.tbroc.gov.tw/libecq/mdl_bibliography/PdfView.aspx?PDFpath=QTIwMDExNzA5
  • Taiwan Tourism Bureau . 2010 . “ Visitor arrivals by gender and by purpose of visit ” . Retrieved March 10, 2011, from http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/indexc.asp
  • Tkaczynski , A. , Rundle-Thiele , S. R. and Beaumont , N. 2010 . Destination segmentation: A recommended two-step approach . Journal of Travel Research , 49 ( 2 ) : 139 – 152 .
  • Ward , S. and Robertson , T. S. 1973 . “ Consumer behavior promise and prospects ” . In Consumer Behavior: Theoretical Sources , Edited by: Ward , S. and Robertson , T. S. 3 – 42 . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Witt , S. F. and Witt , C. A. 1995 . Forecasting tourism demand: A review of empirical research . International Journal of Forecasting , 11 ( 3 ) : 447 – 475 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.