Virtual and Hybrid Meetings for Generation X: Using the Delphi Method to Determine Best Practices, Opportunities, and Barriers

REFERENCES

• Anderson, J. (2009). My generation. Retrieved February 3, 2014, from http://smartmeetings.com/event-planning-magazine/2009/10/my-generation
   Google Scholar
• Beekman, T. (2011). Fill in the generation gap. Strategic Finance, 93(3), 15–17.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, N.S., & Narz, M. (2007). Meeting the challenges of age diversity in the workplace. The CPA Journal, 77(2), 56–59.
   Google Scholar
• Bengisu, M., & Balta, S. (2011). Employment of the workforce with disabilities in the hospitality industry. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(1), 35–57. . doi:10.1080/09669582.2010.499172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan, J. (2008). Meeting technology is here to stay: New tools keep planners a step ahead. Corporate and incentive travel. . Retrieved January 31, 2014, from http://www.themeetingmagazines.com/index/Default.aspx?tabid=798
   Google Scholar
• Cain, S. (2011). Virtual goes mainstream. Smart meetings: The intelligent way to plan. . Retrieved February 15, 2013, from http://smartmeetings.com/event-planning-magazine/2011/06/virtual-goes-mainstram
   Google Scholar
• Chen, P., & Choi, Y. (2008). Generational differences in work values: A study of hospital management. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20, 595–615.
   Google Scholar
• Chudoba, K.M., Watson-Manheim, M.B., Crowston, K., & Lee, C.S. (2011). Participation in ICT-enabled meetings. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 23(2), 15–36.
   Google Scholar
• Chung, K. (2000). Hotel management curriculum reform based on required competencies of hotel employees and career success in the hotel industry. Tourism Management, 20(6), 683–691.
   Google Scholar
• Crampton, S.M., & Hodge, J.W. (2009). Generation Y: Unchartered territory. Journal of Business and Economics Research, 7(4), 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Crews, T.B. (2004). Telecommunications course content: Input from information technology professionals. Journal of Information Systems Education, 15(4), 417–425.
   Google Scholar
• Dahlroth, J. (2008). How to effectively communicate your message to each of the four age groups in today's workforce. . Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://meetingsnet.com/associationmeetings/marketing_meetings/generations_factor_0808/
   Google Scholar
• Day, L.H. (2002). Delphi research in a corporate environment. In M. Turoff & H. A. Linstone (Eds.), The Delphi method: Techniques and applications. (pp. 162–188). Newark, NJ: New Jersey Institute of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Delbecq, A.L., Van de Ven, A.H., & Gustafson, D.H. (1975). Group Techniques for Program planning. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, and Co.
   Google Scholar
• DeMarco, D. (2007). Working with Generation X. Skin, Inc., 19(12), 116.
   Google Scholar
• De Meuse, K.P., & Mlodzik, K.J. (2010). A second look at generational differences in the workforce: Implications for HR and talent management. People & Strategy, 33(2), 50–58.
   Google Scholar
• Donohoe, H.M., & Needham, R.D. (2009). Moving best practice forward: Delphi characteristics, advantages, potential problems, and solutions. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11(5), 415–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle, M. (2013). Virtual event definitions. Virtual Edge Community. . Retrieved January 8, 2013, from www.virtualedge.org/page/virtual-event-definitions
   Google Scholar
• Fenich, G.G., Scott-Halsell, S., & Hashimoto, K. (2011). An investigation of technological uses by different generations as it relates to meetings and events: A pilot study. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 12, 53–63.
   Google Scholar
• Fryatt, J. (2013). How Generations X & Y are changing meetings and events. . Retrieved February 4, 2013, from http://icon-presentations.com/blog/bid/59829/How-Generations-X-Y-Are-Changing-Meetings-Events
   Google Scholar
• Fryatt, J., Garriga Mora, R.G., Janssen, R., John, R., & Smith, S. (2012a). Hybrid meetings and events. MPI Foundation. Dallas, TX: Meeting Professionals International.
   Google Scholar
• Fryatt, J., Janssen, R.W., John, R., Garriga Mora, R., & Smith, S. (2012b). Lessons learned: Hybrid Meetings. Dallas, TX: Meeting Professionals International.
   Google Scholar
• Goldblatt, J. (2008). Meetings, conferences, exhibition and events courses, certificates, and degree programs in higher education. Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh. . Retrieved from www.mpiweb.org/cms/…/1152361_5222009_110121_pm_.doc
   Google Scholar
• Gursoy, D., Maier, A.T., & Chi, G.C. (2008). Generational differences: An examination of work values and generational gaps in the hospitality workforce. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(3), 448–458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammill, G. (2005, . Winter/Spring). Mixing and matching four generations of employees. FDU Magazine Online. . Retrieved on August 8, 2013, from http://www.fdu.edu/newspubs/magazine/05ws/generations.htm
   Google Scholar
• Hankin, H. (2004). The new workforce. New York: AMACOM.
   Google Scholar
• Heath, M., & Heath, M. (2008). (Mis)trust in marketing: A reflection on consumers’ attitudes and perceptions. Journal of Marketing Management, 24(9/10), 1025–1039.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, R.P. (2002). Managing across generations in the 21st century: Important lessons from the ivory trenches. Journal of Management Inquiry, 11(1), 60–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilliard, T.W., Scott-Halsell, S.A., & Palakurthi, R. (2011). Deficits in crisis preparedness by meeting planners. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 12(4), 256–271. . doi:10.1080/1528008X.2011.541845
   Google Scholar
• Huntley, R. (2006). The world according to Y: Inside the new adult generation. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Johanson, M., Ghiselli, R., Shea, L.J., & Roberts, C. (2011). Changing competencies of hospitality leaders: A 25-year review. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 23(3), 43–47.
   Google Scholar
• Keene, D.L., & Handrich, R.R. (2011). Generation X members are “active, balanced, and happy.” Seriously? Jury Expert, 23(6), 29–43.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, D., & Park, O. (2009). A study on American meeting planners’ attitudes toward and adoption of technology in the workplace. Tourism & Hospitality Research, 9(3), 209–223. . doi:10.1057/thr.2008.44
   Google Scholar
• Klie, L. (2012). Gen X: Stuck in the middle. . Retrieved August 8, 2013, from http://www.destinationcrm.com/Articles/Editorial/Magazine-Features/Gen-X–Stuck-in-the-Middle-79865.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Koontz, H., & O’Donnell, C. (1976). Management: A systems and contingency analysis of Managerial Functions . (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Kotler, P., Bowen, J.T., & Makens, J.C. (2010). Marketing for hospitality and tourism. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Kupperschmidt, B. (2000). Multi-generation employees: Strategies for effective management. Health Care Manager, 19(1), 65–76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Linstone, H.A., & Turoff, M. (1975). The Delphi Method: Techniques and applications. London: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig, B. (1997). Predicting the future: Have you considered using the Delphi methodology? Journal of Extension, 35(5), 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, M., McLean, P., & Turner, G.B. (2005). Understanding Generation X … Boom or Bust Introduction. Business Forum, 27(1), 26–30.
   Google Scholar
• PCMA Invests in Virtual and Hybrid Meetings. (2011). Association Meetings Exclusive Insight. . Retrieved September 10, 2013, from http://meetingsnet.com/virtualhybrid/pcma-invests-virtual-and-hybrid-meetings
   Google Scholar
• Pearlman, D.M., & Gates, N.A. (2010). Hosting business meetings and special events in virtual worlds: A fad or the future? Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 11(4), 247–265. . doi:10.1080/15470148.2010.530535
   Google Scholar
• Perine, D. (2012). How Gen Y, Gen X, and Boomers interact. EnMast: Business Owners Belong. . Retrieved February 7, 2012, from http://www.enmast.com/2012/09/gen-y-gen-x-boomer-meeting-styles-preferences/
   Google Scholar
• Phelan, K., & Mills, J.E. (2011). An exploratory study of knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed in undergraduate hospitality curriculums in the convention industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 10(1), 96–116. . doi:10.1080/15332845.2010.500244
   Google Scholar
• Professional Convention Management Association (PCMA), UMB Studios, & Virtual Edge Institute. (2011). Business motivations and social behaviors for in-person and online events. . Retrieved June 1, 2013, from http://www.virtualedgeinstitute.com/business-motivations-report
   Google Scholar
• Reisenwitz, T.H., & Iyer, R. (2009). Differences in Generation X and Generation Y: Implications for the organization and marketers. Marketing Management Journal, 19(2), 91–103.
   Google Scholar
• Salomon-Lee, C. (2011). Virtual Edge Institute announces first certification program for digital events strategist. Virtual Edge Institute. . Retrieved September 20, 2013, from http://www.virtualedgeinstitute.com/2011/02/virtual-edge-institute-announces-first-certification-program-for-digital-events-strategist/
   Google Scholar
• Scholar, D. (2011). Creating a virtual meeting and event strategy. The Scholar Consulting Group, LLC. . Retrieved July 1, 2013, from http://debischolar.typepad.com/files/creating-a-virtual-and-meeting-event-strategy-by-debi-scholar-2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Severt, K., Fjelstul, J., & Breiter, D. (2009). A comparison of motivators and inhibitors for association meeting attendance for three generational cohorts. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 10(2), 105–119. . doi:10.1080/15470140902949695
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. W., & Clurman, A. (1997). Generational marketing. Inc., 19(5), 87.
   Google Scholar
• Stitt-Gohdes, W.L., & Crews, T.B. (2004). The Delphi technique: A research strategy for career and technical education. Journal of Career and Technical Education, 20(4), 55–67.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor-Powell, E. (2002). Quick tips collecting data: Delphi technique. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. . Retrieved December 31, 2012, from http://www.uwex\.edu/ces/pdande/resources/pdf/Tipsheet4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Team Roles & Responsibilities. (2011). . Retrieved February 2, 2013, from http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs002/1101254149802/archive/1106922797262.html
   Google Scholar
• Tews, M.J., & Van Hoof, H.B. (2011). In favor of hospitality-management education. FIU Hospitality Review, 29(2), 121–129.
   Google Scholar
• Ulschak, F.L. (1983). Human resource development: The theory and practice of need assessment. Reston, VA: Reston Publishing Company, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• van Ginneken, R. (2011). Expert attitudes to management contracts in the Dutch hotel industry: A DELPHI approach. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management, 18(1), 140–146.
   Google Scholar
• Vick, Y.H., & Feyerherm, A. (2005). Generation X woman in high technology: Overcoming gender and generational challenges to succeed in the corporate environment. Career Development International, 10(3), 216–229.
   Google Scholar
• Wilhelm, W.J. (2001). Alchemy of the Oracle: The Delphi technique. The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, 43(1), 6–26.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, K.C., Page, R.A., Petrosky, A.R., & Hernandez, E.H. (2010). Multi-generational marketing: Descriptions, characteristics, lifestyles, and attitudes. The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 11(2), 21–36.
   Google Scholar
• Yousuf, M.I. (2007). Using expert's opinions through Delphi technique. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 12(4), 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Zopiatis, A., Krambia-Kapardis, M., & Varnavas, A. (2012). Y-ers, X-ers, and Boomers: Investigating the multigenerational (mis)perceptions in the hospitality workplace. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(2), 101–121.
   Google Scholar