Examining the moderating effect of host country image on the relationship between tourists’ motivation and their intention to visit mega sporting events in India

References

• Adongo, R., Choe, J. Y., & Han, H. (2017). Tourism in Hoi An, Vietnam: Impacts, perceived benefits, community attachment and support for tourism development. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 17(2), 86–106. doi:10.1080/15980634.2017.1294344
   Google Scholar
• Ahn, Y. J., & Janke, M. C. (2011). Motivations and benefits of the travel experiences of older adults. Educational Gerontology, 37(8), 653–673. doi:10.1080/03601271003716010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnegger, J., & Herz, M. (2016). Economic and destination image impacts of mega-events in emerging tourist destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(2), 76–85. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.11.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BestMediaInfo & The Economic Times. (2023). Market size of the sports industry across India from 2017 to 2022 (in billion Indian rupees). Statista. Retrieved September 29, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1029883/india-sports-industry-market-size/.
   Google Scholar
• Chaulagain, S., Wiitala, J., & Fu, X. (2019). The impact of country image and destination image on U.S. tourists’ travel intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 12, 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y. C., Shang, R. A., & Li, M. J. (2014). The effects of perceived relevance of travel blogs’ content on the behavioral intention to visit a tourist destination. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 787–799. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chersulich Tomino, A., Perić, M., & Wise, N. (2020). Assessing and considering the wider impacts of sport-tourism events: A research agenda review of sustainability and strategic planning elements. Sustainability, 12(11), 4473. doi:10.3390/su12114473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu, W., Zeng, S., & Cheng, P. S. T. (2016). The influence of destination image and tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty: A case study of Chinese tourists in Korea. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(2), 223–234. doi:10.1108/IJCTHR-07-2015-0080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cini, F., Kruger, S., & Ellis, S. (2013). A model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on subjective well-being: The experience of overnight visitors to a national park. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 8(1), 45–61. doi:10.1007/s11482-012-9173-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., & Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872–909. doi:10.1080/13683500.2013.850064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelissen, S. (2010). The geopolitics of global aspiration: Sport mega-events and emerging powers. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 27(16–18), 3008–3025. doi:10.1080/09523367.2010.508306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correia, A., Kozak, M., & Ferradeira, J. (2013). From tourist motivations to tourist satisfaction. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(4), 411–424. doi:10.1108/IJCTHR-05-2012-0022
   Google Scholar
• Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111–1132. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, 1(20), 416–436.
   Google Scholar
• Elgarhy, S. D., Abdel Rahieem, W. M. A. N., & Abdulmawla, M. (2023). Influences of gamification on repurchase intention and intrinsic motivations in Egyptian hotels and travel agencies: The mediating role of customer engagement. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 24(6), 782–805. doi:10.1080/1528008X.2023.2194705
   Google Scholar
• Elshaer, A. M., Marzouk, A. M., & Khalifa, G. S. (2023). Antecedents of employees’ perception and attitude to risks: The experience of Egyptian tourism and hospitality industry. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 24(3), 330–358. doi:10.1080/1528008X.2022.2050877
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferris, S. P., Koo, S., Park, K., & Yi, D. T. (2022). The effects of hosting mega sporting events on local stock markets and sustainable growth. Sustainability, 15(1), 363. doi:10.3390/su15010363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, T., & Maharaj, B. (2022). Mega-event trends and impacts. A research agenda for event impacts (pp. 181–192). Chentelham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. doi:10.1177/002224378101800104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GlobeNewswire. (2023). Sports industry revenue worldwide in 2022, with a forecast for 2023 and 2027 (in billion U.S. dollars). Statista. Retrieved September 29, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/370560/worldwide-sports-market-revenue/.
   Google Scholar
• Gstaettner, A. M., Rodger, K., & Lee, D. (2017). Visitor perspectives of risk management in a natural tourism setting: An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 19, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.jort.2017.04.001
   Google Scholar
• Guay, F. (2022). Applying self-determination theory to education: Regulations types, psychological needs, and autonomy supporting behaviors. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 37(1), 75–92. doi:10.1177/08295735211055355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J., Risher, J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. doi:10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. doi:10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higham, J., & Hinch, T. (2018). Sport tourism development (Vol. 84). Bristol, UK: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hindusthan Times. (2023). Hockey world cup 2023. www.hindustantimes.com: https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/hockey/fih-world-cup.
   Google Scholar
• Horne, J., & Manzenreiter, W. (2006). An Introduction to the Sociology of Sports Mega-Events. The Sociological Review, 54(2_suppl), 1–24. doi:10.1111/j.1467-954X.2006.00650.x
   Google Scholar
• Houge Mackenzie, S., Hodge, K., & Filep, S. (2023). How does adventure sport tourism enhance well-being? A conceptual model. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(1), 3–16. doi:10.1080/02508281.2021.1894043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424–453. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, J., Joo, K., & Kim, I. (2023). Identifying Chinese tourists’ shopping values and their consequences in the context of a duty-free shop: The moderating role of country image. Sustainability, 15(6), 5304. doi:10.3390/su15065304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iii, T. H. (2023). Mega sport events as drivers of entrepreneurship: Bridging the gap between economics and psychology. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 48(3), 296–317. doi:10.1504/IJESB.2023.129293
   Google Scholar
• Islam, T., & Hussain, M. (2022). How consumer uncertainty intervene country of origin image and consumer purchase intention? The moderating role of brand image. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(11), 5049–5067. doi:10.1108/IJOEM-08-2021-1194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson-Macon, I., & Ogbeide, G. C. (2020). Generation Y and Z destination attractiveness attributes: Generation Y and Z destination attractiveness attributes. Events and Tourism Review, 3(1), 13–26. doi:10.18060/24220
   Google Scholar
• Jin, X. C., & Sparks, B. (2017). Barriers to offering special interest tour products to the Chinese outbound group market. Tourism Management, 59, 205–215. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.08.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanwal, S., Rasheed, M. I., Pitafi, A. H., Pitafi, A., & Ren, M. (2020). Road and transport infrastructure development and community support for tourism: The role of perceived benefits, and community satisfaction. Tourism Management, 77, 104014. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M., Choi, K. H., & Leopkey, B. (2021). The influence of tourist risk perceptions on travel intention to mega sporting event destinations with different levels of risk. Tourism Economics, 27(3), 419–435. doi:10.1177/1354816619879031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, W. H., & Chang, T. Z. (2016). Souvenir shopping, tourist motivation, and travel experience. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(2), 163–177. doi:10.1080/1528008X.2015.1115242
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepp, A., & Gibson, H. (2003). Tourist roles, perceived risk and international tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 606–624. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(03)00024-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., He, Z., Li, Y., Huang, T., & Liu, Z. (2023). Keep it real: Assessing destination image congruence and its impact on tourist experience evaluations. Tourism Management, 97, 104736. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104736
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, L. J., Choi, H. C., Joppe, M., & Lee, W. (2019). Examining medical tourists’ intention to visit a tourist destination: Application of an extended MEDTOUR scale in a cosmetic tourism context. International Journal of Tourism Research, 21(6), 772–784. doi:10.1002/jtr.2303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mair, J., Chien, P. M., Kelly, S. J., & Derrington, S. (2023). Social impacts of mega-events: A systematic narrative review and research agenda. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(2), 538–560. doi:10.1080/09669582.2020.1870989
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, F., & Uysal, M. (2008). Effects of gender differences on perceptions of destination attributes, motivations, and travel values: An examination of a nature-based resort destination. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(4), 445–466. doi:10.1080/09669580802154231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian, P. L., Salomon, I., & Singer, M. E. (2015). What moves us? An interdisciplinary exploration of reasons for traveling. Transport Reviews, 35(3), 250–274. doi:10.1080/01441647.2015.1013076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moura, A., Eusébio, C., & Devile, E. (2023). The ‘why’and ‘what for’of participation in tourism activities: Travel motivations of people with disabilities. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(6), 941–957. doi:10.1080/13683500.2022.2044292
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadeau, J., Heslop, L., O’Reilly, N., & Luk, P. (2008). Destination in a country image context. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(1), 84–106. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2007.06.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen Viet, B., Dang, H. P., & Nguyen, H. H. (2020). Revisit intention and satisfaction: The role of destination image, perceived risk, and cultural contact. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1796249. doi:10.1080/23311975.2020.1796249
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Oshimi, D., & Yamaguchi, S. (2023). Leveraging strategies of recurring non-mega sporting events for host community development: A multiple-case study approach. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 13(1), 19–36. doi:10.1108/SBM-06-2021-0071
   Google Scholar
• Özel, Ç. H., & Kozak, N. (2012). Motive based segmentation of the cultural tourism market: A study of Turkish domestic tourists. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 13(3), 165–186. doi:10.1080/1528008X.2012.645199
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, S., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2022). SmartPLS 4. Oststeinbek: SmartPLS GmbH, http://www.smartpls.com.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. The American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahi, G., Devi, R., Gupta, M., & Cheng, T. (2022). Assessing co-creation based competitive advantage through consumers’ need for differentiation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 66(1), 102911. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.102911
   Google Scholar
• Sampaio, C., Farinha, L., Sebastião, J. R., & Fernandes, A. (2023). Tourism industry at times of crisis: A bibliometric approach and research agenda. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(4), 1464–1484. doi:10.1108/JHTI-08-2021-0223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansone, C., & Tang, Y. (2021). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and self-determination theory. Motivation Science, 7(2), 113–114. doi:10.1037/mot0000234
   Google Scholar
• Sastre, R. P., & Phakdee-Auksorn, P. (2017). Examining tourists’ push and pull travel motivations and behavioural intentions: The case of British outbound tourists to Phuket, Thailand. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 18(4), 437–464. doi:10.1080/1528008X.2016.1250242
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, Y., Jo, W., & Joppe, M. (2022). Role of country image, subjective knowledge, and destination trust on travel attitude and intention during a pandemic. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 52, 275–284. doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slevitch, L., & Sharma, A. (2008). Management of perceived risk in the context of destination choice. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 9(1), 85–103. doi:10.1080/15256480801910574
   Google Scholar
• Su, D. N., Johnson, L. W., & O’Mahony, B. (2020). Analysis of push and pull factors in food travel motivation. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(5), 572–586. doi:10.1080/13683500.2018.1553152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thelen, S. T., & Yoo, B. (2023). The impact of country image and patient cosmopolitanism on medical tourism. Health Marketing Quarterly, 40(1), 98–118. doi:10.1080/07359683.2023.2167260
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tunçel, N., & Özkan Tektaş, Ö. (2020). Intrinsic motivators of collaborative consumption: A study of accommodation rental services. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 44(6), 616–628. doi:10.1111/ijcs.12598
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ünlü, A. (2023). Mathematical self-determination theory I: Real representation. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 116, 102792. doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102792
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vada, S., Filep, S., Moyle, B., Gardiner, S., & Tuguinay, J. (2023). Welcome back: Repeat visitation and tourist well-being. Tourism Management, 98, 104747. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104747
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, L., Qian, J., & Zhu, H. (2021). Rethinking indigenous people as tourists: Modernity, cosmopolitanism, and the re-invention of indigeneity. Annals of Tourism Research, 89, 103200. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2021.103200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Y., & Li, C. (2019). Helping others helps? A self-determination theory approach on work climate and well-being among volunteers. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 14(4), 1099–1111. doi:10.1007/s11482-018-9642-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousaf, A., Mishra, A., & Amin, I. (2023). Autonomous/controlled travel motivations and their effect on travel intentions of Indian Millennials: A mixed method approach. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(2), 286–304. doi:10.1080/02508281.2021.1891741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, X., & Xu, H. (2023). Text-induced travels: A self-determination perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 101, 103599. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2023.103599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusoff, M. (2019). ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 49–54. doi:10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., Wu, B., Morrison, A. M., Tseng, C., & Chen, Y. C. (2018). How country image affects tourists’ destination evaluations: A moderated mediation approach. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(6), 904–930. doi:10.1177/1096348016640584
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar