Snowmelt detection from QuikSCAT and ASCAT satellite radar scatterometer data across the Alaskan North Slope

References

• Arp, C. D., and B. M. Jones. 2009. “Geography of Alaska Lake Districts : Identification, Description, and Analysis of Lake-Rich Regions of a Diverse and Dynamic State.” U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5215, 40.
   Google Scholar
• Ashcraft, I. S., and D. G. Long. 2006. “Comparison of Methods for Melt Detection over Greenland Using Active and Passive Microwave Measurements.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 27 (12): 2469–2488. doi:10.1080/01431160500534465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartsch, A., W. Wagner, and V. Naeimi. 2010. “The Legacy of 10 Years QuikScat Land Applications-Possibilities and Limitations for a Continuation with Metop ASCAT.” In Proceedings of the ESA Living Planet Symposium, Bergen, Norway. ESTEC, Noordwijk, 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, R. D., C. Derksen, and L. Wang. 2007. “Assessment of Spring Snow Cover Duration Variability over Northern Canada from Satellite Datasets.” Remote Sensing of Environment 111 (2–3): 367–381. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callaghan, T. V., M. Johansson, R. D. Brown, P. Y. Groisman, N. Labba, V. Radionov, R. G. Barry, et al. 2011. “The Changing Face of Arctic Snow Cover: A Synthesis of Observed and Projected Changes.” Ambio 40 (SUPPL. 1): 17–31. doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0212-y.
   Google Scholar
• Colliander, A., K. C. McDonald, R. Zimmermann, R. Schroeder, J. S. Kimball, and E. G. Njoku. 2012. “Application of QuikSCAT Backscatter to SMAP Validation Planning: Freeze/Thaw State over ALECTRA Sites in Alaska from 2000 to 2007.” Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions On 50 (2): 461–468. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2011.2174368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Déry, S. J., and R. D. Brown. 2007. “Recent Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent Trends and Implications for the Snow-Albedo Feedback.” Geophysical Research Letters 34 (22): 2–7. doi:10.1029/2007GL031474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eugster, W., W. R. Rouse, R. A. Pielke, J. P. Mcfadden, D. D. Baldocchi, T. G. F. Kittel, F. Stuart Chapin, et al. 2000. “Land-Atmosphere Energy Exchange in Arctic Tundra and Boreal Forest: Available Data and Feedbacks to Climate.” Global Change Biology 6 (SUPPLEMENT 1): 84–115. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, J. A., and S. J. Vavrus. 2012. “Evidence Linking Arctic Amplification to Extreme Weather in Mid-Latitudes.” Geophysical Research Letters 39 (February): 1–6. doi:10.1029/2012GL051000.
   Google Scholar
• Hicks, B. R., and D. G. Long. 2006. “Diurnal Melt Detection on Arctic Sea Ice Using Tandem QuikSCAT and SeaWinds Data.” Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 4112–4114. doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2006.1054.
   Google Scholar
• Howell, S. E. L., J. Assini, K. L. Young, A. Abnizova, and C. Derksen. 2012. “Snowmelt Variability in Polar Bear Pass, Nunavut, Canada, from QuikSCAT: 2000–2009.” Hydrological Processes 26 (23): 3477–3488. doi:10.1002/hyp.8365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCC. 2014. “Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.” Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, B. M., and G. Grosse. 2012. Western Arctic Coastal Plain, IfSAR DSM-Derived Coastline and Coastal Features - Version 2. University of Alaska, Alaska: Geophysical Institute Permafrost Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Kittel, T. G. F., B. B. Baker, J. V. Higgins, and J. Christopher Haney. 2011. “Climate Vulnerability of Ecosystems and Landscapes on Alaska’s North Slope.” Regional Environmental Change 11 (SUPPL. 1): 249–264. doi:10.1007/s10113-010-0180-y.
   Google Scholar
• Lindsley, R. D., and D. G. Long. 2010a. “Standard BYU ASCAT Land/Ice Image Products.” Microwave Earth Remote Sensing Laboratory, 3 Jun 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Lindsley, R. D., and D. G. Long. 2010b. Adapting the SIR Algorithm to ASCAT. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2010 IEEE International. Vol. 84602 vols. Provo, UT: IEEE. doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650207.
   Google Scholar
• Long, D. G., and B. R. Hicks. 2010. “Standard BYU QuikScat and SeaWinds Land/Ice Image Products. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT, QuikScat Image Product Documentation.” Provo, UT. http://www.scp.byu.edu/docs/pdf/QscatReport6.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Male, D. H., and R. J. Granger. 1981. “Snow Surface Energy Exchange.” Water Resources Research 17 (3): 609–627. doi:10.1029/WR017i003p00609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, D., and J. Dozier. 1992. “Climate and Energy Exchange at the Snow Surface in the Alpine Region of the Sierra Nevada: 2. Snow Cover Energy Balance.” Water Resources Research 28 (11): 3043–3054. doi:10.1029/92WR01483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesinger, F., G. DiMego, E. Kalnay, K. Mitchell, P. C. Shafran, W. Ebisuzaki, D. Jović, et al. 2006. “North American Regional Reanalysis.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 87 (3): 343–360. doi:10.1175/BAMS-87-3-343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mioduszewski, J. R., A. K. Rennermalm, D. A. Robinson, and L. Wang. 2015. “Controls on Spatial and Temporal Variability in Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial Snow Melt Timing, 1979-2012.” Journal of Climate 28 (6): 2136–2153. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00558.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortin, J., S. E. L. Howell, L. Wang, C. Derksen, G. Svensson, R. G. Graversen, and T. M. Schrøder. 2014. “Extending the QuikSCAT Record of Seasonal Melt-Freeze Transitions over Arctic Sea Ice Using ASCAT.” Remote Sensing of Environment 141. Elsevier Inc.: 214–230. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2013.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortin, J., T. M. Schrøder, A. W. Hansen, B. Holt, and K. C. McDonald. 2012. “Mapping of Seasonal Freeze-Thaw Transitions across the Pan-Arctic Land and Sea Ice Domains with Satellite Radar.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 117 (C08004): C08004. doi:10.1029/2012JC008001.
   Google Scholar
• Nghiem, S. V., and W.-Y.-Y. Tsai. 2001. “Global Snow Cover Monitoring with Spaceborne K U-Band Scatterometer.” Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions On 39 (10): 2118–2134. doi:10.1109/36.957275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohmura, A. 2001. “Physical Basis for the Temperature-Based Melt-Index Method.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 40: 753–761. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0753:PBFTTB>2.0.CO;2.
   Google Scholar
• Raleigh, M. S., C. C. Landry, M. Hayashi, W. L. Quinton, and J. D. Lundquist. 2013. “Approximating Snow Surface Temperature from Standard Temperature and Humidity Data: New Possibilities for Snow Model and Remote Sensing Evaluation.” Water Resources Research 49 (12): 8053–8069. doi:10.1002/2013WR013958.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotschky, G., T. V. Schuler, J. Haarpaintner, J. Kohler, and E. Isaksson. 2011. “Spatio-Temporal Variability of Snowmelt across Svalbard during the Period 2000-08 Derived from QuikSCAT/SeaWinds Scatterometry.” Polar Research 30 (SUPPL.1): 1–15. doi:10.3402/polar.v30i0.5963.
   Google Scholar
• Saito, K., T. Zhang, D. Yang, R. G. Sergei Marchenko, V. R. Barry, and L. D. Hinzman. 2013. “Influence of the Physical Terrestrial Arctic in the Eco-Climate System.” Ecological Applications 23 (8): 1778–1797. doi:10.1890/11-1062.1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer, D., D. K. Hall, V. Hochschild, M. König, J.-G. Winther, and C. R. Duguay. 2005. “Remote Sensing of Snow Cover.” Remote Sensing in Northern Hydrology 7–38. doi:10.1029/163GM03.
   Google Scholar
• Shulski, M., and G. Wendler. 2007. The Climate of Alaska. Alaska: University of Alaska Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, R. S., E. G. Dutton, J. M. Harris, and D. Longenecker. 2002. “Earlier Spring Snowmelt in Northern Alaska as an Indicator of Climate Change.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 107: D10. doi:10.1029/2000JD000286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, Q., X. Zhang, and J. A. Francis. 2014. Extreme Summer Weather in Northern Mid-Latitudes Linked to a Vanishing Cryosphere. Nature Climate Change 4(1). Nature Publishing Group:45–50. doi:10.1038/nclimate2065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trusel, L. D., K. E. Frey, and S. B. Das. 2012. “Antarctic Surface Melting Dynamics: Enhanced Perspectives from Radar Scatterometer Data.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface (2003–2012) 117 (F2). doi:10.1029/2011JF002126.
   Google Scholar
• Ulaby, F. T., R. K. Moore, A. K. Fung, and A. House. 1981. Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive. Vol. 1. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Reading.
   Google Scholar
• Ulaby, F. T., and W. H. Stiles. 1980. “The Active and Passive Microwave Response to Snow Parameters 2. Water Equivalent of Dry Snow.” Journal of Geophysical Research 85 (C2): 1045–1049. doi:10.1029/JC085iC02p01045.
   Google Scholar
• Urban, F. E., and G. D. Clow. 2014. “DOI/GTN-P Climate and Active-Layer Data Acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998–2011.” U.G. Geological Survey Data Series 812. http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/812/introduction.html.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, W., S. Hahn, R. Kidd, T. Melzer, Z. Bartalis, S. Hasenauer, J. Figa-Saldaña, P. De Rosnay, A. Jann, and S. Schneider. 2013. “The ASCAT Soil Moisture Product: A Review of Its Specifications, Validation Results, and Emerging Applications.” Meteorologische Zeitschrift 22 (1): 5–33. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., C. Derksen, and R. D. Brown. 2008. “Detection of Pan-Arctic Terrestrial Snowmelt from QuikSCAT, 2000–2005.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (10): 3794–3805. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., C. Derksen, S. E. L. Howell, G. J. Wolken, M. Sharp, and T. Markus. 2009. “Integrated Pan-Arctic Melt Onset Detection from Satellite Microwave Measurements.” In 66th Eastern Snow Conference, 131–138.
   Google Scholar
• Wendler, G., M. Shulski, and B. Moore. 2010. “Changes in the Climate of the Alaskan North Slope and the Ice Concentration of the Adjacent Beaufort Sea.” Theoretical and Applied Climatology 99 (1–2): 67–74. doi:10.1007/s00704-009-0127-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WRCC. 2003. “Umiat, Alaska (509539): Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary.” Western Regional Climate Center. www.wrcc.dri.edu.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, T., S. A. Bowling, and K. Stamnes. 1997. “Impact of the Atmosphere on Surface Radiative Fluxes and Snowmelt in the Artic and Subartic.” Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (D4): 4287–4303. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2110:IOCOSR>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Z. Q., S. P. Xie, X. T. Zheng, Q. Liu, and H. Wang. 2014. “Global Warming-Induced Changes in El Niño Teleconnections over the North Pacific and North America.” Journal of Climate 27 (24): 9050–9064. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00254.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar