1,214
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Maximum height of mountain forests abruptly decreases above an elevation breakpoint

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 442-454 | Received 10 Nov 2020, Accepted 21 Feb 2021, Published online: 15 Mar 2021

References

  • Ameztegui, A., and L. Coll. 2013. “Unraveling the Role of Light and Biotic Interactions on Seedling Performance of Four Pyrenean Species under Environmental Gradients.” Forest Ecology and Management 303: 25–34.
  • Ameztegui, A., L. Coll, L. Brotons, and J. M. Ninot. 2016. “Land-use Legacies Rather than Climate Change are Driving the Recent Upward Shift of the Mountain Tree Line in the Pyrenees.” Global Ecology and Biogeography 25: 263–273.
  • Batllori, E., and E. Gutiérrez. 2008. “Regional Tree Line Dynamics in Response to Global Change in the Pyrenees.” Journal of Ecology 96: 1275–1288.
  • Blanco, J. A., A. Ameztegui, and F. Rodríguez. 2020. “Modelling Forest Ecosystems: A Crossroad between Scales, Techniques and Applications.” Ecological Modelling 425: 109030.
  • Camarero, J. J., and E. Gutiérrez. 2004. “Pace and Pattern of Recent Treeline Dynamics: Response of Ecotones to Climatic Variability in the Spanish Pyrenees.” Climatic Change 63: 181–200.
  • Coll, L., and A. Ameztegui. 2019. “Elevation Modulates the Phenotypic Responses to Light of Four Co-occurring Pyrenean Forest Tree Species.” Annals of Forest Science 76: 41.
  • Coll, L., J. R. González-Olabarría, B. Mola-Yudego, T. Pukkala, and C. Messier. 2011. “Predicting Understory Maximum Shrubs Cover Using Altitude and Overstory Basal Area in Different Mediterranean Forests.” European Journal of Forest Research 11: 55.
  • Coops, N. C. 2015. “Characterizing Forest Growth and Productivity Using Remotely Sensed Data.” Current Forestry Reports 1: 195–205.
  • Coops, N. C., F. Morsdorf, M. E. Schaepman, and N. E. Zimmermann. 2013. “Characterization of an Alpine Tree Line Using Airborne LiDAR Data and Physiological Modeling.” Global Change Biology 19: 3808–3821.
  • Direccion General para la Biodiversidad. 2007. Tercer Inventario Forestal Nacional (1997-2007). Madrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.
  • Dubayah, R., J. B. Blair, S. Goetz, L. Fatoyinbo, M. Hansen, S. Healey, M. Hofton, et al. 2020. “The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation: High-resolution Laser Ranging of the Earth’s Forests and Topography.” Science of Remote Sensing 1: 100002.
  • Duncanson, L. I., K. O. Niemann, and M. A. Wulder. 2010. “Estimating Forest Canopy Height and Terrain Relief from GLAS Waveform Metrics.” Remote Sensing of Environment 114: 138–154.
  • Fick, S. E., and R. J. Hijmans. 2017. “WorldClim 2: New 1-km Spatial Resolution Climate Surfaces for Global Land Areas.” International Journal of Climatology 37: 4302–4315.
  • Gómez, C., P. Alejandro, T. Hermosilla, F. Montes, C. Pascual, L. A. Ruiz, F. Álvarez-Taboada, M. Tanase, and R. Valbuena. 2019. “Remote Sensing for the Spanish Forests in the 21st Century: A Review of Advances, Needs, and Opportunities.” Forest Systems 28: 001.
  • Gonzalez‐Hidalgo, J. C., D. Peña‐Angulo, S. Beguería, and M. Brunetti. 2020. “MOTEDAS Century: A New High-resolution Secular Monthly Maximum and Minimum Temperature Grid for the Spanish Mainland (1916–2015).” International Journal of Climatology 40: 5308–5328.
  • Harsch, M. A., P. E. Hulme, M. S. McGlone, and R. P. Duncan. 2009. “Are Treelines Advancing? A Global Meta-analysis of Treeline Response to Climate Warming.” Ecology Letters 12: 1040–1049.
  • Hengl, T., J. M. Jesus, G. B. M. De, Heuvelink, M. R. Gonzalez, M. Kilibarda, A. Blagotić, W. Shangguan, et al. 2017. “SoilGrids250m: Global Gridded Soil Information Based on Machine Learning.” Plos One 12: e0169748.
  • Holtmeier, F.-K., and G. Broll. 2020. “Treeline Research—From the Roots of the past to Present Time. A Review.” Forests 11: 38.
  • Klein, T., C. Randin, and C. Körner. 2015. “Water Availability Predicts Forest Canopy Height at the Global Scale.” Ecology Letters 18: 1311–1320.
  • Koch, G. W., S. C. Sillett, G. M. Jennings, and S. D. Davis. 2004. “The Limits to Tree Height.” Nature 428: 851–854.
  • Körner, C. 2012. Alpine Treelines: Functional Ecology of the Global High Elevation Tree Limits. Springer Science & Business Media. Basel (Switzerland).
  • Körner, C., and J. Paulsen. 2004. “A World-wide Study of High Altitude Treeline Temperatures.” Journal of Biogeography 31: 713–732.
  • Körner, C., and E. Spehn. 2019. “A Humboldtian View of Mountains.” Science 365: 1061.
  • Kullman, L. 2002. “Rapid Recent Range-margin Rise of Tree and Shrub Species in the Swedish Scandes.” Journal of Ecology 90: 68–77.
  • Lefsky, M. A., D. J. Harding, M. Keller, W. B. Cohen, C. C. Carabajal, F. D. B. Espirito‐Santo, M. O. Hunter, and R. Oliveira. 2005. “Estimates of Forest Canopy Height and Aboveground Biomass Using ICESat.” Geophysical Research Letters 32, L22S02.
  • Mao, L., C. W. Bater, J. J. Stadt, B. White, P. Tompalski, N. C. Coops, and S. E. Nielsen. 2019. “Environmental Landscape Determinants of Maximum Forest Canopy Height of Boreal Forests.” Journal of Plant Ecology 12: 96–102.
  • Moles, A. T., D. I. Warton, L. Warman, N. G. Swenson, S. W. Laffan, A. E. Zanne, A. Pitman, F. A. Hemmings, and M. R. Leishman. 2009. “Global Patterns in Plant Height.” Journal of Ecology 97: 923–932.
  • Muggeo, V. M. R. 2020 segmented: Regression Models with Break-Points/Change-Points Estimation.
  • Ninot, J. M., E. Batllori, E. Carrillo, J. Carreras, A. Ferré, and E. Gutiérrez. 2008. “Timberline Structure and Limited Tree Recruitment in the Catalan Pyrenees.” Plant Ecology & Diversity 1: 47–57.
  • Paulsen, J., and C. Körner. 2014. “A Climate-based Model to Predict Potential Treeline Position around the Globe.” Alpine Botany 124: 1–12.
  • Payette, S., L. Filion, A. Delwaide, and C. Begin. 1989. “Reconstruction of Tree-line Vegetation Response to Long-term Climate Change.” Nature 341: 429–431.
  • Price, M. F., G. Gratzer, L. A. Duguma, T. Kohler, D. Maselli, and R. Romeo 2011 Mountain Forests in a Changing World - Realizing Values, addressing challenges., FAO/MPS and SDC, Rome.
  • R Core Team. 2018. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
  • Roussel, J.-R., D. Auty, F. De Boissieu, A. Sánchez Meador, and J.-F. Bourdon 2020 lidR: Airborne LiDAR Data Manipulation and Visualization for Forestry Applications
  • Rumpf, S. B., K. Hülber, G. Klonner, D. Moser, M. Schütz, J. Wessely, W. Willner, N. E. Zimmermann, and S. Dullinger. 2018. “Range Dynamics of Mountain Plants Decrease with Elevation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115: 1848–1853.
  • Simard, M., N. Pinto, J. B. Fisher, and A. Baccini. 2011. “Mapping Forest Canopy Height Globally with Spaceborne Lidar.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 116,G04021.
  • Socha, J., P. Hawryło, K. Stereńczak, S. Miścicki, L. Tymińska-Czabańska, W. Młocek, and P. Gruba. 2020. “Assessing the Sensitivity of Site Index Models Developed Using Bi-temporal Airborne Laser Scanning Data to Different Top Height Estimates and Grid Cell Sizes.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 91: 102129.
  • Tao, S., Q. Guo, C. Li, Z. Wang, and J. Fang. 2016. “Global Patterns and Determinants of Forest Canopy Height.” Ecology 97: 3265–3270.
  • Thomas, R. Q., G. C. Hurtt, R. Dubayah, and M. H. Schilz. 2008. “Using Lidar Data and a Height-structured Ecosystem Model to Estimate Forest Carbon Stocks and Fluxes over Mountainous Terrain.” Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 34: S351–S363.
  • Valbuena, R., B. O’Connor, F. Zellweger, W. Simonson, P. Vihervaara, M. Maltamo, C. A. Silva, et al. 2020. “Standardizing Ecosystem Morphological Traits from 3D Information Sources.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 35(8): 656–667.
  • Wang, Y., M. Lehtomäki, X. Liang, J. Pyörälä, A. Kukko, A. Jaakkola, J. Liu, Z. Feng, R. Chen, and J. Hyyppä. 2019. “Is Field-measured Tree Height as Reliable as Believed – A Comparison Study of Tree Height Estimates from Field Measurement, Airborne Laser Scanning and Terrestrial Laser Scanning in A Boreal Forest.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 147: 132–145.
  • Wang, Y., G. Li, J. Ding, Z. Guo, S. Tang, C. Wang, Q. Huang, R. Liu, and J. M. Chen. 2016. “A Combined GLAS and MODIS Estimation of the Global Distribution of Mean Forest Canopy Height.” Remote Sensing of Environment 174: 24–43.
  • White, J. W., A. Rassweiler, J. F. Samhouri, A. C. Stier, and C. White. 2014. “Ecologists Should Not Use Statistical Significance Tests to Interpret Simulation Model Results.” Oikos 123: 385–388.
  • Wulder, M. A., J. C. White, R. F. Nelson, E. Næsset, H. O. Ørka, N. C. Coops, T. Hilker, C. W. Bater, and T. Gobakken. 2012. “Lidar Sampling for Large-area Forest Characterization: A Review.” Remote Sensing of Environment 121: 196–209.
  • Zhang, J., S. E. Nielsen, L. Mao, S. Chen, and J.-C. Svenning. 2016. “Regional and Historical Factors Supplement Current Climate in Shaping Global Forest Canopy Height.” Journal of Ecology 104: 469–478.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.