Publication Cover
LEUKOS
The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society
Volume 18, 2022 - Issue 3
1,944
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A Window View Quality Assessment Framework

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, &
Pages 268-293 | Received 24 Nov 2020, Accepted 04 Aug 2021, Published online: 10 Nov 2021

References

  • Abboushi B, Elzeyadi I, Taylor R, Sereno M. 2019. Fractals in architecture: the visual interest, preference, and mood response to projected fractal light patterns in interior spaces. J Environ Psychol. 61:57–70.
  • Abd-Alhamid F, Kent M, Calautit J, Wu Y. 2020. Evaluating the impact of viewing location on view perception using a virtual environment. Build Environ. 180:106932.
  • An M, Colarelli SM, O’Brien K, Boyajian ME. 2016. Why we need more nature at work: effects of natural elements and sunlight on employee mental health and work attitudes. PLOS ONE. 11(5):e0155614.
  • ANSI/ASHRAE. 2017. ANSI/ASHRAE standard 55-2017: thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. Atlanta (GA, USA): American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
  • ANSI/ASHRAE. 2019a. ANSI/ASHRAE standard 62.1-2019: ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality. Atlanta (GA, USA): American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
  • ANSI/ASHRAE. 2019b. ANSI/ASHRAE/IES standard 90.1-2019: energy standard for buildings except low-rise residential buildings (SI edition). Atlanta (GA, USA): American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
  • ANSI/ASHRAE/ICC/USGBC/IES. 2017. ANSI/ASHRAE/ICC/USGBC/IES standard 189.1-2017. Atlanta (GA): American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
  • Aries MBC, Veitch JA, Newsham GR. 2010. Windows, view, and office characteristics predict physical and psychological discomfort. J Environ Psychol. 30(4):533–541.
  • ASTM International. 2013. ASTM D1003: standard test method for haze and luminous transmittance of transparent plastics. West Conshohocken (PA, USA): ASTM International.
  • Aston SM, Belichambers HE. 1969. Illumination, colour rendering and visual clarity. Light Res Technol. 1(4):259–261. SAGE Publications. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535690010040401.
  • Baranzini A, Schaerer C. 2011. A sight for sore eyes: assessing the value of view and land use in the housing market. J Hous Econ. 20(3):191–199.
  • BCA Green Mark. 2010. Code for environmental sustainability of buildings. 2nd ed. Singapore: Building and Construction Authority.
  • Bell JAM. 1973. Development and practice in the daylighting of buildings. Light Res Technol. 5(4):173–185. SAGE Publications. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/096032717300500401.
  • Benfield JA, Rainbolt GN, Bell PA, Donovan GH. 2015. Classrooms with nature views: evidence of differing student perceptions and behaviors. Environ Behav. 47(2):140–157.
  • Benson ED, Hansen JL, Schwart AL Jr., Smersh GT. 1998. Pricing residential amenities: the value of a view. J Real Estate Finance Econ. 16(1):55–73.
  • Berman MG, Jonides J, Kaplan S. 2008. The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature. Psychol Sci. 19(12):1207–1212.
  • Berto R. 2005. Exposure to restorative environments helps restore attentional capacity. J Environ Psychol. 25(3):249–259.
  • Beute F, de Kort YAW. 2013. Let the sun shine! Measuring explicit and implicit preference for environments differing in naturalness, weather type and brightness. J Environ Psychol. 36:162–178.
  • Beute F, de Kort YAW. 2014. Salutogenic effects of the environment: review of health protective effects of nature and daylight. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 6(1):67–95. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Boring EG, Langfeld HS, Weld HP. 1948. Foundations of psychology. New York, NY: J. Wiley.
  • Bourassa SC, Hoesli M, Sun J. 2004. What’s in a view? Environ Plann A. 36(8):1427–1450. SAGE Publications Ltd. doi:https://doi.org/10.1068/a36103.
  • Boyce P, Hunter C, Howlett O. 2003. The benefits of daylight through windows. Troy (NY): Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; p. 88.
  • Boyce PR. 1970. The influence of illumination level on prolonged work performance. Light Res Technol. 2(2):74–94.
  • BRE Global Limited. 2015. BREEAM international new construction 2016. Non-domestic buildings. Hertfordshire (UK): BRE Global Limited. www.bre.co.uk.
  • BRE Global Limited. 2018. BREEAM UK new construction 2018. Watford (UK): BRE Global Limited. www.breeam.com.
  • Brooks AM, Ottley KM, Arbuthnott KD, Sevigny P. 2017. Nature-related mood effects: season and type of nature contact. J Environ Psychol. 54:91–102.
  • Butler DL, Biner PM. 1989. Effects of setting on window preferences and factors associated with those preferences. Environ Behav. 21(1):17–31.
  • CAGBC. 2010. LEED Canada reference guide for green building design and construction 2009. Ontario (Canada). www.cagbc.org.
  • Cambridge University Press. 2020. View. Cambridge dictionary. [accessed 21 April 2020]. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/view
  • Carmody J, Selkowitz S, Lee E, Arasteh D, Willmert T. 2004. Window systems for high-performance buildings. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co.
  • CEN/TC 169. 2018. European Standard EN 17037: daylight in buildings. Hørsholm (Denmark): European Committee for Standardization.
  • CEN/TC 33. 2008. European Standard EN 14500: blinds and shutters - thermal and visual comfort - test and calculation methods. Brussels (Belgium). [accessed 23 July 2020]. https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/60536/6d62f62dcb9b4483bc4d7c5b8d536b15/oSIST-prEN-14500-2018.pdf.
  • Cerway. 2014. HQE practical guide environmental performance building under construction. Paris (France). www.behqe.com.
  • Chichilnisky E-J, Wandell BA. 1995. Photoreceptor sensitivity changes explain color appearance shifts induced by large uniform backgrounds in dichoptic matching. Vision Res. 35(2):239–254.
  • Chinazzo G, Wienold J, Andersen M. 2018. Combined effects of daylight transmitted through coloured glazing and indoor temperature on thermal responses and overall comfort. Build Environ. 144:583–597.
  • Clear RD, Inkarojrit V, Lee ES. 2006. Subject responses to electrochromic windows. Energy Build. 38(7):758–779.
  • Collins BL. 1976. Review of the psychological reaction to windows. Light Res Technol. 8(2):80–88.
  • Damigos D, Anyfantis F. 2011. The value of view through the eyes of real estate experts: a Fuzzy Delphi approach. Landsc Urban Plan. 101(2):171–178.
  • Daylight Metrics Committee. 2012. Approved method: IES spatial daylight autonomy (SDA) and annual sunlight exposure (ASE). New York (NY, USA): Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.
  • del Mar Seguí M, Cabrero-García J, Crespo A, Verdú J, Ronda E. 2015. A reliable and valid questionnaire was developed to measure computer vision syndrome at the workplace. J Clin Epidemiol. 68(6):662–673.
  • DGBC. 2010. BREEAM-NL 2010 v1.11. Rotterdam (Netherlands): BRE Global Limited. https://www.dgbg.nl.
  • DGNB GmbH. 2018. DGNB system. Vol. SOC1.4 visual comfort. Stuttgart (Germany): DGNB GmbH. https://www.dgnb-system.de.
  • DIN. 2011. DIN 5034: daylight in interiors. Berlin (Germany): Deutsches Institut fur Normung E.V. (DIN). https://www.din.de/en/getting-involved/standards-committees/fnl/standards/wdc-beuth:din21:141642928/toc-1815279/download.
  • Dogrusoy IT, Tureyen M. 2007. A field study on determination of preferences for windows in office environments. Build Environ. 42(10):3660–3668.
  • Duffy S, Verges M. 2010. Forces of nature affect implicit connections with nature. Environ Behav. 42(6):723–739. SAGE Publications Inc. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916509338552.
  • ECD Energy & Environment Canada Ltd. 2004. Green globes design for new buildings and retrofits. Toronto (Canada). www.greenglobes.com.
  • Ellis WD. 2013. A Source Book Of Gestalt Psychology. London (UK): Routledge.
  • Emirate of Abu Dhabi. 2010. Pearl rating system: design and construction V1. Abu Dhabi UAE. www.upc.gov.ae.
  • Forsyth DA, Ponce J. 2002. Computer vision: a modern approach. 1 ed. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Pearson.
  • Galasiu AD, Veitch JA. 2006. Occupant preferences and satisfaction with the luminous environment and control systems in daylit offices: a literature review. Energy Build. 38(7):728–742.
  • GBC Indonesia. 2012. GREENSHIP new building v1.1. Jakarta (Indonesia). gbcindonesia.org.
  • GBI. 2009. Green building index v1.0. Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). Greenbuildingindex Sdn Bhd. www.greenbuildingindex.org.
  • Gifford R. 1995. Natural psychology: an introduction. J Environ Psychol. 15(3):167–168.
  • Grinde B, Patil GG. 2009. Biophilia: does visual contact with nature impact on health and well-being? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 6(9):2332–2343.
  • Hagerhall CM, Laike T, Taylor RP, Küller M, Küller R, Martin TP. 2008. Investigations of human EEG response to viewing fractal patterns. Perception. 37(10):1488–1494.
  • Haigh SM, Barningham L, Berntsen M, Coutts LV, Hobbs EST, Irabor J, Lever EM, Tang P, Wilkins AJ. 2013. Discomfort and the cortical haemodynamic response to coloured gratings. Vision Res. 89:47–53.
  • Hardy AC, O’Sullivan PE. 1967. Insolation and fenestration: an investigation into the problems of overheating in multi-storey buildings, as a result of solar radiation through large glass areas. Newcastle Upon Tyne (UK): Oriel Press.
  • Hartig T, Böök A, Garvill J, Olsson T, Gärling T. 1996. Environmental influences on psychological restoration. Scand J Psychol. 37(4):378–393.
  • Hartig T, Evans GW, Jamner LD, Davis DS, Gärling T. 2003. Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. J Environ Psychol. 23(2):109–123.
  • Hayes JR, Sheedy JE, Stelmack JA, Heaney Ca. 2007. Computer use, symptoms, and quality of life. Optometry Vision Sci. 84(8):E738.
  • Hellinga H, Hordijk T. 2014. The D&V analysis method: a method for the analysis of daylight access and view quality. Build Environ. 79:101–114.
  • Hellinga HI. 2013. Daylight and view: the influence of windows on the visual quality of indoor spaces. [accessed 22 October 2017]. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2daeb534-9572-4c85-bf8f-308f3f6825fd.
  • Henning RA, Jacques P, Kissel GV, Sullivan AB, Alteras-Webb SM. 1997. Frequent short rest breaks from computer work: effects on productivity and well-being at two field sites. Ergonomics. 40(1):78–91.
  • Herzog TR. 1989. A cognitive analysis of preference for urban nature. J Environ Psychol. 9(1):27–43.
  • Herzog TR, Chernick KK. 2000. Tranquility and danger in urban and natural settings. J Environ Psychol. 20(1):29–39.
  • Herzog TR, Leverich OL. 2003. Searching for legibility. Environ Behav. 35(4):459–477.
  • Herzog TR, Shier RL. 2016. Complexity, age, and building preference. Environ Behav Sage PublicationsSage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160021972667.
  • Heschong Mahone Group. 2003. Windows and offices: a study of office worker performance and the indoor environment. Fair Oaks (California): CEC. [accessed 16 April 2018]. http://h-m-g.com/downloads/Daylighting/A-9_Windows_Offices_2.6.10.pdf.
  • Hill AR, Markus TA. 1968. Some factors influencing vision through meshes. Archit Sci Rev. 11(4):123–136.
  • IGBC. 2011. Green building rating system for new construction and major renovations. Hyderabad (India). www.igbc.in.
  • IGBC. 2014. IGBC green new buildings rating system v3. www.igbc.in.
  • IJsselsteijn WA, Oosting W, Vogels IMLC, de Kort YAW, van Loenen E. 2008. A room with a cue: the efficacy of movement parallax, occlusion, and blur in creating a virtual window. Presence. 17(3):269–282.
  • ISO. 2019. ISO/CIE 11664-4:2019(E) colorimetry — part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* colour space. Geneva (Switzerland): International Organisation for Standardization. [accessed 5 November 2019]. http://www.cie.co.at/publications/colorimetry-part-4-cie-1976-lab-colour-space-1
  • IWBS. 2019. WELL building standard V2-pilot. [accessed 11 November 2018]. https://www.wellcertified.com/resources.
  • IWBS. 2020. WELL building standard V2. [accessed 1 October 2020]. https://a.storyblok.com/f/52232/x/36d47d3797/well-certification-guidebook-with-q2-2020-addenda.pdf.
  • Jamrozik A, Clements N, Hasan SS, Zhao J, Zhang R, Campanella C, Loftness V, Porter P, Ly S, Wang S, et al. 2019. Access to daylight and view in an office improves cognitive performance and satisfaction and reduces eyestrain: a controlled crossover study. Build Environ. 165:106379.
  • Juricevic I, Land L, Wilkins A, Webster MA. 2010. Visual discomfort and natural image statistics. Perception. 39(7):884–899.
  • Kaplan R. 1993. The role of nature in the context of the workplace. Landsc Urban Plan. 26(1):193–201.
  • Kaplan R, Kaplan S. 1989. The experience of nature: a psychological perspective. 1 ed. Cambridge (New York): Cambridge University Press.
  • Kaplan S. 1987. Aesthetics, affect, and cognition: environmental preference from an evolutionary perspective. Environ Behav. 19(1):3–32.
  • Keighley EC. 1973a. Visual requirements and reduced fenestration in offices — a study of multiple apertures and window area. Build Sci. 8(4):321–331.
  • Keighley EC. 1973b. Visual requirements and reduced fenestration in office buildings — a study of window shape. Build Sci. 8(4):311–320.
  • Kent M, Schiavon S. 2020a. Evaluation of the effect of landscape distance seen in window views on visual satisfaction. Build Environ. 183:107160.
  • Kent MG, Schiavon S. 2020b. Evaluation of the effect of landscape distance seen in window views on visual satisfaction. Build Environ. (In Press) 183:107160. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107160.
  • Kfir IZ, Munemoto J, Sacko O, Kawasaki Y. 2002. Evaluation of the view from the dwelling units on man-made islands in Osaka Bay : multiple regression analysis based on residents’ evaluation and image processing of photographs taken from the living room. J Archit Plann. 67(554):357–364.
  • Kim JT, Kim G. 2010. Advanced external shading device to maximize visual and view performance. Indoor Built Environ. 19(1):65–72.
  • Klepeis NE, Nelson WC, Ott WR, Robinson JP, Tsang AM, Switzer P, Behar JV, Hern SC, Engelmann WH. 2001. The national human activity pattern survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 11(3):231–252.
  • Ko WH, Brager G, Schiavon S, Selkowitz S. 2017. Building envelope impact on human performance and well-being: experimental study on view clarity. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gj8h384.
  • Ko WH, Schiavon S, Brager G, Levitt B. 2018. Ventilation, thermal and luminous autonomy metrics for an integrated design process. Build Environ. 145:153–165.
  • Ko WH, Schiavon S, Zhang H, Graham LT, Brager G, Mauss I, Lin Y-W. 2020. The impact of a view from a window on thermal comfort, emotion, and cognitive performance. Build Environ. 175:106779.
  • Konis K. 2013. Evaluating daylighting effectiveness and occupant visual comfort in a side-lit open-plan office building in San Francisco, California. Build Environ. 59:662–677.
  • Konstantzos I, Chan Y-C, Seibold JC, Tzempelikos A, Proctor RW, Protzman JB. 2015. View clarity index: a new metric to evaluate clarity of view through window shades. Build Environ. 90:206–214.
  • Konstantzos I, Tzempelikos A. 2017. A holistic approach for improving visual environment in private offices. Procedia Environ Sci. 38:372–380.
  • Küller R, Lindsten C. 1992. Health and behavior of children in classrooms with and without windows. J Environ Psychol. 12(4):305–317.
  • Li W, Samuelson H. 2020. A new method for visualizing and evaluating views in architectural design. Dev Built Environ. 1:100005.
  • Liang R, Kent M, Wilson R, Wu Y. 2021. The effect of thermochromic windows on visual performance and sustained attention. Energy Build. 236:110778.
  • Littlefair PJ. 2011. Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight: a guide to good practice. Bracknell (UK): IHS - BRE Press.
  • Ludlow AM. 1976. The functions of windows in buildings. Light Res Technol. 8(2):57–68.
  • Magistrale T, Di L. 2014. Impact of window amount and size on user perception, daylighting and energy demand in an office space. Universita Degli Studi Di Pavoda. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/20343407.pdf.
  • Mardaljevic J. 2019. Aperture-based daylight modelling: introducing the ‘View Lumen.’ Loughborough University. [accessed 1 June 2020]. https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/Aperture-based_daylight_modelling_Introducing_the_View_Lumen_/9458474.
  • Marino C, Nucara A, Pietrafesa M. 2017. Does window-to-wall ratio have a significant effect on the energy consumption of buildings? A parametric analysis in Italian climate conditions. J Build Eng. 13:169–183.
  • Markus TA. 1967. The function of windows— a reappraisal. Build Sci. 2(2):97–121.
  • Matusiak BS, Klöckner CA. 2016. How we evaluate the view out through the window. Archit Sci Rev. 59(3):203–211.
  • Milosavljevic M, Navalpakkam V, Koch C, Rangel A. 2012. Relative visual saliency differences induce sizable bias in consumer choice. J Consum Psychol. 22(1):67–74.
  • MOHRUD. 2014. GB/T 50378-2014 assessment standard for green building. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, China. [accessed 28 May 2020]. https://www.codeofchina.com/standard/GBT50378-2014.html.
  • Mulpuri R. 2020 May 22. Your window blinds are depriving you of sleep. Thrive Global. [accessed 25 May 2020]. https://thriveglobal.com/stories/your-window-blinds-are-depriving-you-of-sleep/.
  • Musselwhite C. 2018. The importance of a room with a view for older people with limited mobility. Qual Ageing Older Adults. 19(4):273–285. Emerald Publishing Limited. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/QAOA-01-2018-0003.
  • Ne’Eman E, Hopkinson RG. 1970. Critical minimum acceptable window size: a study of window design and provision of a view. Light Res Technol. 2(1):17–27.
  • NGBC. 2016. BREEAM-NOR new construction 2016 v1.1. Oslo (Norway): BRE Global Limited. www.ngbc.no.
  • NZGBC. 2014. Green star office design and built 2009. Auckland (New Zealand): New Zealand Green Building Council. www.nzgbc.org.nz.
  • NZGBC. 2016. Green star V3.1. Auckland (New Zealand): New Zealand Green Building Council. www.nzgbc.org.nz.
  • Ochoa CE, Aries MBC, van Loenen EJ, Hensen JLM. 2012. Considerations on design optimization criteria for windows providing low energy consumption and high visual comfort. Appl Energy. 95:238–245.
  • Oldham GR, Rotchford NL. 1983. Relationships between office characteristics and employee reactions: a study of the physical environment. Adm Sci Q. 28(4):542–556.
  • Olszewska-Guizzo A, Escoffier N, Chan J, Puay Yok T. 2018. Window view and the brain: effects of floor level and green cover on the alpha and beta rhythms in a passive exposure EEG experiment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 15(11):2358. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112358.
  • Orquin JL, Mueller Loose S. 2013. Attention and choice: a review on eye movements in decision making. Acta Psychol. 144(1):190–206.
  • Ozdemir A. 2010. The effect of window views openness and naturalness on the perception of rooms spaciousness and brightness: a visual preference study. Sci Res Essays. 5(16):2275–2287.
  • Pelli D, Robson JG, Wilkins AJ. 1988. The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clin Vision Sci. 2(3):187–199.
  • PHILGBC. 2017. BERDE GBRS - new construction v2.0.0.Taguig City (Philippines). http://philgbc.org/.
  • Purup PB, Jensen SR, Petersen S, Kirkegaard PH. 2017. Towards a holistic approach to low-energy building design: consequences of metrics for evaluation of spatial quality on design. Design to thrive, presented at the passive and low energy architecture (PLEA), Edinburgh. p. 8.
  • Reinhart C, Voss K. 2003. Monitoring manual control of electric lighting and blinds. Light Res Technol. 35(3):243–258.
  • Reinhart CF, Mardaljevic J, Rogers Z. 2006. Dynamic daylight performance metrics for sustainable building design. Leukos. 3(1):7–31.
  • Roessler G. 1980. The psychological function of windows for the visual communication between the interior of rooms with permanent supplementary artificial lighting and the exterior. Light Res Technol. 12(3):160–168. SAGE Publications. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718001200306.
  • SLL. 2014. Lighting guide 10: daylighting - a guide for designers. London (United Kingdom): Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE).
  • Stamps AE. 2004. Mystery, complexity, legibility and coherence: a meta-analysis. J Environ Psychol. 24(1):1–16.
  • Stone NJ, Irvine JM. 1994. Direct or indirect window access, task type, and performance. J Environ Psychol. 14(1):57–63.
  • Sun Y, Wu Y, Wilson R. 2018. A review of thermal and optical characterisation of complex window systems and their building performance prediction. Appl Energy. 222:729–747.
  • Sundstrom E, Town JP, Brown DW, Forman A, Mcgee C. 1982. Physical enclosure, type of job, and privacy in the office. Environ Behav. 14(5):543–559.
  • Tregenza P, Wilson M. 2013. Daylighting: architecture and lighting design. London (UK): Routledge.
  • Tuaycharoen N, Tregenza PR. 2007. View and discomfort glare from windows. Light Res Technol. 39(2):185–200.
  • Turan I, Reinhart C, Kocher M. 2019. Evaluating spatially-distributed views in open plan work spaces. Building simulation 2019, presented at the 16th Conference of IBPSA. p. 9.
  • Tzempelikos A, Athienitis AK. 2007. The impact of shading design and control on building cooling and lighting demand. Sol Energy. 81(3):369–382.
  • Ulrich RS. 1981. Natural versus urban scenes: some psychophysiological effects. Environ Behav. 13(5):523–556.
  • Ulrich RS. 1984. View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science. 224(4647):420–421.
  • Ulrich RS, Simons RF, Losito BD, Fiorito E, Miles MA, Zelson M. 1991. Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. J Environ Psychol. 11(3):201–230.
  • USGBC. 2019. LEED v4 for building design and construction. Washington (DC, USA): USGBC. [accessed 8 September 2017]. http://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-building-design-and-construction-current-version.
  • USGBC. 2020. EQ credit: quality views. p. 144.
  • van den Berg AE, Koole SL, van der Wulp NY. 2003. Environmental preference and restoration: (How) are they related? J Environ Psychol. 23(2):135–146.
  • van Zoest W, Donk M, Theeuwes J. 2004. The role of stimulus-driven and goal-driven control in saccadic visual selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 30(4):746–759.
  • Veitch JA, Galasiu AD. 2012. The physiological and psychological effects of windows, daylight, and view at home: review and research agenda: (554552013-001). American Psychological Association. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/e554552013-001.
  • Velarde MD, Fry G, Tveit M. 2007. Health effects of viewing landscapes – landscape types in environmental psychology. Urban For Urban Greening. 6(4):199–212.
  • Waczynska M, Sokol N, Martyniuk-Peczek J. 2020. Computational and experimental evaluation of view out according to European Standard EN17037. Build Environ. 188:107414.
  • White M, Smith A, Humphryes K, Pahl S, Snelling D, Depledge M. 2010. Blue space: the importance of water for preference, affect, and restorativeness ratings of natural and built scenes. J Environ Psychol. 30(4):482–493.
  • Wilkins A. 2016. A physiological basis for visual discomfort: application in lighting design. Light Res Technol. 48(1):44–54.
  • Wilson MP. 2005. Comment 2 on ‘Discomfort glare from interesting images’ by N Tuaycharoen and P Tregenza:. Light Res Technol. 37(4):339–340.
  • Yamín Garretón J, Villalba AM, Rodriguez RG, Pattini A. 2021. Roller blinds characterization assessing discomfort glare, view outside and useful daylight illuminance with the sun in the field of view. Sol Energy. 213:91–101.
  • Yildirim K, Akalin-Baskaya A, Celebi M. 2007. The effects of window proximity, partition height, and gender on perceptions of open-plan offices. J Environ Psychol. 27(2):154–165.
  • Zanon S, Callegaro N, Albatici R. 2019. A novel approach for the definition of an integrated visual quality index for residential buildings. Appl Sci. 9(8):1579. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/app9081579.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.