Publication Cover
LEUKOS
The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society
Volume 19, 2023 - Issue 3
407
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Trees in Daylight Simulation – Measuring and Modelling Realistic Light Transmittance through Trees

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 241-268 | Received 27 Sep 2020, Accepted 08 Aug 2022, Published online: 04 Oct 2022

References

  • Al-Sallal KA, Al-Rais L. 2013. A novel method to model trees for building daylighting simulation using hemispherical photography. J Build Perform Simul. 6(1):38–52.
  • Anderson MC. 1964. Studies of the woodland light climate: I. The photographic computation of light conditions. J Ecol. 52(1):27. doi:10.2307/2257780.
  • Astrup R, Larson BC. 2006. Regional variability of species-specific crown openness for aspen and spruce in western boreal Canada. For Ecol Manage. 228(1):241–250.
  • Balakrishnan P. 2019. Measuring and Modelling Equatorial Light [PhD dissertation]. Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore.
  • Balakrishnan P, Jakubiec JA. 2016 Sep 12–14. Measuring light through trees for daylight simulations: a photographic and photometric method. In: Hamza N, Underwood C, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd IBPSA- England Conference BSO 2016; Newcastle: Great North Museum, IBPSA. p. 115–122.
  • Balakrishnan P, Jakubiec JA. 2018. Program to generate simple tree models for lighting simulations. https://github.com/C38C/gen_tree.
  • Balogun AA, Morakinyo TE, Adegun OB. 2014. Effect of tree-shading on energy demand of two similar buildings. Energy Build. 81:305–315.
  • Boris N. 1934. Delaunay. Sur la sphere vide. Izvestia Akademia Nauk SSSR, VII Seria, Otdelenie Matematicheskii i Estestvennyka Nauk. 7:793–800.
  • Campbell GS, Norman JM. 1989. The description and measurement of plant canopy structure. In: Russell G, Marshall B, Jarvis PG, editors. Plant canopies: their growth, form and function. Cambridge (NY): Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 1–19.
  • Canham CD, Coates KD, Bartemucci P, Quaglia S. 1999. Measurement and modeling of spatially explicit variation in light transmission through interior cedar-hemlock forests of British Columbia. Can J For Res. 29(11):1775–1783.
  • Cescatti A. 1997. Modelling the radiative transfer in discontinuous canopies of asymmetric crowns. I. Model structure and algorithms. Ecol Modell. 101(2–3):263–274.
  • CIE. 1996. CIE S003:1996 spatial distribution of daylight–CIE standard overcast sky and clear sky.
  • Côté J-F, Fournier RA, Verstraete MM. 2017. Canopy architectural models in support of methods using hemispherical photography. In: Fournier RA, Hall RJ, editors. Hemispherical photography in forest science: theory, methods, applications. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 253–286.
  • Fournier RA, Mailly D, Walter J-MN, Jonckheere IGC. 2017. Acquiring hemispherical photographs in forest environments: from planning to archiving photographs. In: Fournier RA, Hall RJ, editors. Hemispherical photography in forest science: theory, methods, applications. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 85–114.
  • Frazer GW, Canham CD, Lertzman KP. 1999. Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), version 2.0: imaging software to extract canopy structure and gap light transmission indices from true-colour fisheye photographs, users manual and program documentation.
  • Hadari M. 2004. A three-dimensional model of the light regime in an avocado orchard [master research thesis]. Haifa (Israel): Israel Institute of Technology.
  • Hall RJ, Côté J-F, Mailly D, Fournier RA. 2017. Comparison of software tools for analysis of hemispherical photographs. In: Fournier RA, Hall RJ, editors. Hemispherical photography in forest science: theory, methods, applications. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 187–226.
  • Hirning MB, Isoardi GL, Cowling I. 2014. Discomfort glare in open plan green buildings. Energy Build. 70:427–440. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.11.053.
  • Hirning MB, Isoardi GL, Garcia-Hansen VR. 2017. Prediction of discomfort glare from windows under tropical skies. Build Environ. 113:107–120.
  • Hopkinson RG. 1972. Glare from daylighting in buildings. Appl Ergon. 3(4):206–215. doi:10.1016/0003-6870(72)90102-0.
  • IES. 2012. IES LM-83-12 approved method: IES spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE).
  • Inanici MN. 2006. Evaluation of high dynamic range photography as a luminance data acquisition system. Light Res Technol. 38(2):123.
  • Jakubiec JA. 2016. Building a database of opaque materials for lighting simulation. In: PLEA 2016–Cities, Buildings, People: Towards Regenerative Environments, Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture; Los Angeles, CA.
  • Jakubiec JA, Van Den Wymelenberg K, Inanici M, Mahic A. 2016. Accurate measurement of daylit interior scenes using high dynamic range photography. In: Proceedings of CIE Conference on Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency; Melbourne, Australia.
  • Jonckheere I, Fleck S, Nackaerts K, Muys B, Coppin P, Weiss M, Baret F. 2004. Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination: part I. Theories, sensors and hemispherical photography. Agric Meteorol. 121(1):19–35.
  • Jonckheere IGC, Macfarlane C, Walter J-MN. 2017. Image analysis of hemispherical photographs, algorithms and calculations. In: Fournier RA, Hall RJ, editors. Hemispherical photography in forest science: theory, methods, applications. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 115–151.
  • Jones NL, Reinhart CF. 2015. Fast daylight coefficient calculation using graphics hardware. Proceedings of BS2015: 14th International Conference of the International Building Performance Simulation Association; Hyderabad, India. p. 1237–1244.
  • Konarska J, Lindberg F, Larsson A, Thorsson S, Holmer B. 2014. Transmissivity of solar radiation through crowns of single urban trees—application for outdoor thermal comfort modelling. Theor Appl Climatol. 117(3):363–376.
  • Kumaragurubaran V, Inanici M. 2013. Hdrscope: high dynamic range image processing toolkit for lighting simulations and analysis. Proceedings of the BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association. p. 25–28. http://courses.washington.edu/hdrscope/index.html.
  • Laubwerk. 2011. Laubwerk 3D Plant kit. http://www.laubwerk.com/.
  • Mailly D. 2017. Hemispherical photography in support of forest inventory and silviculture. In: Fournier RA, Hall RJ, editors. Hemispherical photography in forest science: theory, methods, applications. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 227–252.
  • Marsaglia G. 1972. Choosing a point from the surface of a sphere. Ann Math Stat. 43(2):645–646.
  • McKennan GT 1988 Apr. Light attenuation by trees. Department of Architecture and Landscape Manchester Polytechnic. Technical Report.
  • McKennan GT. 1995. The use of digital images for data collection and analysis of light attenuation by tree canopies. Arboric J. 19(3):267–274.
  • McPherson EG, Rowntree RA. 1988. Geometric solids for simulation of tree crowns. Landsc Urban Plan. 15(1–2):79–83.
  • Nobis M 2005. SideLook 1.1-Imaging software for the analysis of vegetation structure with true-colour photographs. http://www.appleco.ch.
  • Nobis M, Hunziker U. 2005. Automatic thresholding for hemispherical canopyphotographs based on edge detection. Agric For Meteorol. 128(3–4):243–250.
  • Pacala SW, Canham CD, Silander JAsJr. 1993. Forest models defined by field measurements: I. The design of a northeastern forest simulator. Can J For Res. 23(10):1980–1988.
  • Pan J, Jakubiec JA. 2022. Simulating the impact of deciduous trees on energy, daylight, and visual comfort: impact analysis and a practical framework for implementation. eSIM 2022: simulation buildings for the new normal; Ottawa, Canada.
  • Perez R, Seals R, Michalsky J. 1993. All-weather model for sky luminance distribution—preliminary configuration and validation. Sol Energy. 50(3):235–245.
  • Quek G, Wienold J, Sarey Khanie M, Erell E, Kaftan E, Tzempelikos A, Konstantzos I, Christoffersen J, Kuhn T, Andersen M. 2021. Comparing performance of discomfort glare metrics in high and low adaptation levels. Build Environ. 206:108335.
  • Reinhart CF, Jakubiec JA, Ibarra D. 2013 Aug 26. Definition of a reference office for standardized evaluations of dynamic fa¸cade and lighting technologies. Proceedings of BS2013: 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association. Vol. 28; Chambéry, France. p. 3645–3652.
  • Rich PM. 1990. Characterizing plant canopies with hemispherical photographs. Remote Sens Rev. 5(1):13–29.
  • Ridler TW, Calvard S. 1978. Picture thresholding using an iterative selection method. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern. 8(8):630–632.
  • Ross J. 1981. The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Schiler M, Greenberg DP. 1979. Computer simulation of foliage shading in building energy loads. In: Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference, DAC ’79. San Diego (CA): IEEE Press. p. 142–148.
  • Srivastava S, Puchalapalli S, Maskarenj M. 2021. Tree shading factor as input for thermal model through hemispherical photography.
  • Strigul N. 2012. Individual-based models and scaling methods for ecological forestry: implications of tree phenotypic plasticity. In: Casero JJD, Garcia JM, editors. Sustainable forest management-current research. London: IntechOpen. p. 359–384.
  • SUTD. 2015. Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) east coast cam- pus weather station situated at 1.341003N, 103.963014E. https://hobolink.com/p/6fb9156ef64d251a43bacd3e7b8e6eff.
  • Tregenza P, Wilson M. 2011. Daylighting: architecture and lighting design. 1st ed. Abingdon (UK): Routledge.
  • Villalba A, Pattini A, Correa E. 2014. An approach to urban tree daylight permeability simulation using models based on louvers. Build Environ. 73:75–87.
  • Wagar JA, Heisler GM. 1986. Rating winter crown density of deciduous trees: a photographic procedure. Landsc J. 5(1):9–18.
  • Ward GJ. 1994. The RADIANCE lighting simulation and rendering system. In: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques; New York (NY): Association for Computing Machinery. p. 459–472.
  • Wienold J, Christoffersen J. 2006. Evaluation methods and development of a new glare prediction model for daylight environments with the use of CCD cameras. Energy Build. 38(7):743–757. Special Issue on Daylighting Buildings. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.017.
  • Wienold J, Reetz C. 2004. Evalglare–a new RADIANCE-based tool to evaluate day- light glare in office spaces. 3rd International RADIANCE Workshop.
  • Wilkinson DM. 1995. Modelling tree crowns as geometric solids. Arboric J. 19(4):387–393.
  • Wilkinson DM, Yates D, McKennan GT. 1991. Light attenuation characteristics of seven common British trees. Arboric J. 15(1):37–44.
  • Yates D, McKennan G. 1988. Solar architecture and light attenuation by trees: conflict or compromise? Landsc Res. 13(1):19–23.
  • Zhang Y, Chen JM, Miller JR. 2005. Determining digital hemispherical photograph exposure for leaf area index estimation. Agric For Meteorol. 133(1–4):166–181.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.