3,214
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Supplementation of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate together could not improve performance and performance-related factors in CrossFit participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Article: 2206390 | Received 17 Oct 2022, Accepted 18 Apr 2023, Published online: 08 May 2023

References

  • Feito Y, Heinrich KM, Butcher SJ, et al. High-intensity functional training (HIFT): definition and research implications for improved fitness. Sports. 2018 Aug;6(3):76.
  • Coso JD, Hamouti N, Aguado-JimenezR, et al. Restoration of blood pH between repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise: effects of various active-recovery protocols. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Feb;108(3):523–311.
  • Siegler JC, Marshall PW, Bishop D, et al. Mechanistic insights into the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate supplementation to improve athletic performance. Sports Med-Open. 2016;2(1):1–3.
  • Sahlin K, Harris RC, Hultman E. Creatine kinase equilibrium and lactate content compared with muscle pH in tissue samples obtained after isometric exercise. Biochem J. 1975;152(2):173–180.
  • Fabiato A, Fabiato F. Effects of pH on the myofilaments and the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned cells from cardiac and skeletal muscles. J Physiol. 1978;276(1):233–255.
  • Lancha JA, de Salles Painelli V, Saunders B, et al. Nutritional strategies to modulate intracellular and extracellular buffering capacity during high-intensity exercise. Sports Med. 2015;45(1):71–81.
  • Juel C. Regulation of pH in human skeletal muscle: adaptations to physical activity. Acta Physiol. 2008;193(1):17–24.
  • Grgic J, Pedisic Z, Saunders B, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021;18(1):61. DOI:10.1186/s12970-021-00458-w
  • Durkalec-Michalski K, Zawieja EE, PodgórskiT, et al. The effect of chronic progressive-dose sodium bicarbonate ingestion on CrossFit-like performance: a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(5):e0197480. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0197480
  • Hollidge-Horvat MG, Parolin ML, Wong D, et al. Effect of induced metabolic alkalosis on human skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000;278(2):E316–29.
  • Goldstein ER, Ziegenfuss T, Kalman D, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010;7(1):5. DOI:10.1186/1550-2783-7-5
  • NaderiA, Earnest CP, Lowery RP, et al. Co-ingestion of nutritional ergogenic aids and high-intensity exercise performance. Sports Med. 2016;46(10):1407–1418.
  • Stellingwerff T, Peeling P, Garvican-LewisLA, et al. Nutrition and altitude: strategies to enhance adaptation, improve performance and maintain health: a narrative review. Sports Med. 2019 Dec;49:169–184. DOI:10.1007/s40279-019-01159-w.
  • Peeling P, Binnie MJ, Goods PS, et al. Evidence-based supplements for the enhancement of athletic performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(2):178–187.
  • Rogers PJ, HeatherleySV, Mullings EL, et al. Faster but not smarter: effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on alertness and performance. Psychopharmacology. 2013;226(2):229–240.
  • Fogaça LJ, Santos SL, Soares RC, et al. Effect of caffeine supplementation on exercise performance, power, markers of muscle damage, and perceived exertion in trained CrossFit men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019;60(2):181–188. DOI:10.23736/S0022-4707.19.10043-6
  • Green JM, Wickwire PJ, McLester JR, et al. Effects of caffeine on repetitions to failure and ratings of perceived exertion during resistance training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2007;2(3):250–259. DOI:10.1123/ijspp.2.3.250
  • Drum SN, Bellovary BN, Jensen RL, et al. Perceived demands and postexercise physical dysfunction in CrossFit® compared to an ACSM based training session. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017;57(5):604–609.
  • Stein JA, Ramirez M, Heinrich KM. Acute caffeine supplementation does not improve performance in trained CrossFit® athletes. Sports. 2020;8(4):54.
  • Rezaei S, Akbari K, Gahreman DE, et al. Caffeine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation alone or together improve karate performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019;16(1):1–8. DOI:10.1186/s12970-019-0313-8
  • Christensen PM, Petersen MH, Friis SN, et al. Caffeine, but not bicarbonate, improves 6 min maximal performance in elite rowers. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(9):1058–1063.
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. G* Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–191.
  • Mc NL, Thompson D. Acute versus chronic sodium bicarbonate ingestion and anaerobic work and power output. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001;41(4):456.
  • Naderi A, De Oliveira EP, Ziegenfuss TN, et al. Timing, optimal dose and intake duration of dietary supplements with evidence-based use in sports nutrition. J Exercise Nutr Biochem. 2016;20(4):1.
  • Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, et al. A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardized approach. Age Ageing. 2011;40(4):423–429. DOI:10.1093/ageing/afr051
  • Sargent DA. The physical test of a man. American Phys Educ Rev. 1921;26(4):188–194. 1921. DOI:10.1080/23267224.1921.10650486.
  • Pfeiffer B, Stellingwerff T, Hodgson AB, et al. Nutritional intake and gastrointestinal problems during competitive endurance events. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(2):344–351.
  • Hooper SL, Mackinnon LT, Howard AL, et al. Markers for monitoring overtraining and recovery. Med Sci Sports Exercise. 1995;27(1):106–112.
  • Pruscino CL, Ross ML, Gregory JR, et al. Effects of sodium bicarbonate, caffeine, and their combination on repeated 200-m freestyle performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008;18(2):116–130.
  • Carr AJ, Gore CJ, Dawson B. Induced alkalosis and caffeine supplementation: effects on 2,000-m rowing performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011;21(5):357–364.
  • Felippe LC, Lopes-Silva JP, Bertuzzi R, et al. Separate and combined effects of caffeine and sodium-bicarbonate intake on judo performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016;11(2):221–226.
  • Toledo LP, Vieira JG, Dias MR. Acute effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the performance during CrossFit® training. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física. 2020;26(4):26.
  • Mora-Rodríguez R, Pallarés JG, López-Samanes, Á, et al. Caffeine ingestion reverses the circadian rhythm effects on neuromuscular performance in highly resistance-trained men. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(4):e33807.
  • San Juan AF, Á LS, JodraP, et al. Caffeine supplementation improves anaerobic performance and neuromuscular efficiency and fatigue in Olympic-level boxers. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2120.
  • Cornish RS, Bolam KA, Skinner TL. Effect of caffeine on exercise capacity and function in prostate cancer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(3):468–475.
  • Beck TW, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, et al. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(3):506–510. DOI:10.1519/18285.1
  • Diaz-Lara FJ, Del Coso J, García JM, et al. Caffeine improves muscular performance in elite Brazilian Jiu-jitsu athletes. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(8):1079–1086.
  • Astley C, Souza DB, Polito MD. Acute specific effects of caffeine-containing energy drink on different physical performances in resistance-trained men. Int J Exercise Sci. 2018;11(4): 260. PMID: 29795732.
  • Warren GL, Park ND, Maresca RD, et al. Effect of caffeine ingestion on muscular strength and endurance: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(7):1375–1387.
  • Ansdell P, Dekerle J. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation delays neuromuscular fatigue without changes in performance outcomes during a basketball match simulation protocol. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(5):1369–1375.
  • Coombes J, McNaughton LR. Effects of bicarbonate ingestion on leg strength and power during isokinetic knee flexion and extension. J Strength Cond Res. 1993;7(4):241–249.
  • Mohammadi GA. Effects of acute sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic performance in elite and non-elite male cyclists. J Sport Exercise Physiol. 2020;13(1):57–69.
  • Joyce S, Minahan C, Anderson M, et al. Acute and chronic loading of sodium bicarbonate in highly trained swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(2):461–469.
  • Durkalec-Michalski K, Nowaczyk PM, Adrian J, et al. The influence of progressive-chronic and acute sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic power and specific performance in team sports: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Nutr Metab. 2020;17(1):1–5.
  • Zabala M, Requena B, Sánchez-Muñoz C, et al. Effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on performance and perceptual responses in a laboratory-simulated BMX cycling qualification series. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(5):1645–1653. DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318181febe
  • Siegler JC, Hirscher K. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion and boxing performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(1):103–108.
  • Peart DJ, Siegler JC, Vince RV. Practical recommendations for coaches and athletes: a meta-analysis of sodium bicarbonate use for athletic performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(7):1975–1983.
  • Matsuura R, Arimitsu T, Kimura T, et al. Effect of oral administration of sodium bicarbonate on surface EMG activity during repeated cycling sprints. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;101(4):409–417.
  • Gant N, Ali A, Foskett A. The influence of caffeine and carbohydrate coingestion on simulated soccer performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(3):191–197.
  • Abian-Vicen J, Puente C, Salinero JJ, et al. A caffeinated energy drink improves jump performance in adolescent basketball players. Amino Acids. 2014;46(5):1333–1341. DOI:10.1007/s00726-014-1702-6
  • Del CJ, Portillo J, Muñoz G, et al. Caffeine-containing energy drink improves sprint performance during an international rugby sevens competition. Amino Acids. 2013;44(6):1511–1519.
  • Foskett A, Ali A, Gant N. Caffeine enhances cognitive function and skill performance during simulated soccer activity. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2009;19(4):410–423.
  • Fredholm BB, Bättig K, Holmén J, et al. Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacol Rev. 1999;51(1):83–133.
  • Amann M, Proctor LT, Sebranek JJ, et al. Opioid‐mediated muscle afferents inhibit central motor drive and limit peripheral muscle fatigue development in humans. J Physiol. 2009;587(1):271–283.
  • Marchettini P, Simone DA, Caputi G, et al. Pain from excitation of identified muscle nociceptors in humans. Brain Res. 1996;740(1–2):109–116.
  • Collomp K, Ahmaidi S, Audran M, et al. Effects of caffeine ingestion on performance and anaerobic metabolism during the Wingate test. Int J Sports Med. 1991;12(05):439–443.
  • Grgic J, Mikulic P, Schoenfeld BP, et al. The influence of caffeine supplementation on resistance exercise: a review. Sports Med. 2019;49(1):17–30.
  • Crawford D, Drake NB, Carper MJ, et al. Validity, reliability, and application of the session-RPE method for quantifying training loads during high intensity functional training. Sports. 2018;6(3):84.
  • Crowe MJ, Leicht AS, Spinks WL. Physiological and cognitive responses to caffeine during repeated, high-intensity exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006;16(5):528–544.
  • Lorino AJ, Lloyd LK, Crixell SH, et al. The effects of caffeine on athletic agility. J Strength Cond Conditioning Res. 2006;20(4):851.
  • Collomp K, Caillaud C, Audran M, et al. Effect of acute or chronic administration of caffeine on performance and on catecholamines during maximal cycle ergometer exercise. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie Et de Ses Filiales. 1990;184(1):87–92.
  • Bell DG, Jacobs IR, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(8):1399–1403.
  • Stephens TJ, McKenna MJ, Canny BJ, et al. Effect of sodium bicarbonate on muscle metabolism during intense endurance cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(4):614–621.
  • Delextrat A, Mackessy S, Arceo-Rendon L, et al. Effects of three-day serial sodium bicarbonate loading on performance and physiological parameters during a simulated basketball test in female university players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(5):547–552.
  • Driller MW, Gregory JR, Williams AD, et al. The effects of serial and acute NaHCO3 loading in well-trained cyclists. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(10):2791–2797.
  • De Souza JG, Del Coso J, Fonseca FD, et al. Risk or benefit? Side effects of caffeine supplementation in sport: a systematic review. Eur J Nutr. 2022;61(8):1–2. DOI:10.1007/s00394-022-02874-3
  • Klier K, Dörr S, Schmidt A. High sleep quality can increase the performance of CrossFit® athletes in highly technical- and cognitive-demanding categories. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021;13(1): 1-0. DOI:10.1186/s13102-021-00365-2.