Studying the longest ‘legal’ U.S. same-sex couples: A case of lessons learned

References

• Balsam, K. F., Beauchaine, T. P., Rothblum, E. D., & Solomon, S. E. (2008). Three-year follow-up of same-sex couples who had civil unions in Vermont, same-sex couples not in civil unions, and heterosexual married couples. Developmental Psychology, 44(1), 102–116. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balsam, K. F., Rostosky, S. S., & Riggle, E. D. (2017). Breaking up is hard to do: Women’s experience of dissolving their same-sex relationship. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 21(1), 30–46. doi:10.1080/10894160.2016.1165561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balsam, K. F., Rothblum, E. D., & Wickham, R. E. (2017). Longitudinal predictors of relationship dissolution among same-sex and heterosexual couples. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 6(4), 247–257. doi:10.1037/cfp0000091
   Google Scholar
• Blumstein, P., & Schwartz, P. (1983). American couples: Money, work, sex. New York, NY: William Morrow.
   Google Scholar
• Bradford, J., Ryan, C., & Rothblum, E. D. (1994). National Lesbian Health Care Survey: Implications for mental health care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(2), 228–242. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caron, S. L., & Ulin, B. M. (1997). Closeting and the quality of lesbian relationships. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 78(4), 413–419. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.799
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, J. B., Riggle, E. D., Rostosky, S. S., Rothblum, E. D., & Balsam, K. F. (2015). Windsor and Perry: Reactions of siblings in same-sex and heterosexual couples. Journal of Homosexuality, 62(8), 993–1008. doi:10.1080/00918369.2015.1039360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulter, R. W., Kenst, K. S., Bowen, D. J. & Scout, (2014). Research funded by the National Institutes of Health on the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), e105–e112. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elizur, Y., & Mintzer, A. (2003). Gay males’ intimate relationship quality: The roles of attachment security, gay identity, social support, and income. Personal Relationships, 10(3), 411–435. doi:10.1111/1475-6811.00057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis (1st ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Factor, R. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (2007). A study of transgender adults and their non-transgender siblings on demographic characteristics, social support, and experiences of violence. Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3(3), 11–30. doi:10.1080/15574090802092879
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gartrell, N., Bos, H., & Koh, A. (2018). National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study—Mental health of adult offspring. New England Journal of Medicine, 379(3), 297–299. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1804810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottman, J. M., Levenson, R. W., Swanson, C., Swanson, K., Tyson, R., & Yoshimoto, D. (2003). Observing gay, lesbian and heterosexual couples’ relationships: Mathematical modeling of conflict interaction. Journal of Homosexuality, 45(1), 65–91. doi:10.1300/J082v45n01_04
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henehan, D., Rothblum, E. D., Solomon, S. E., & Balsam, K. F. (2007). Social and demographic characteristics of gay, lesbian, and heterosexual adults with and without children. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 3(2-3), 35–79. doi:10.1300/J461v03n02_03
   Google Scholar
• Kenny, D. A. (1996). Models of non-independence in dyadic research. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 13(2), 279–294. doi:10.1177/0265407596132007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2006). Dyadic data analysis (1st ed.). New York, NY: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kurdek, L. A. (1988). Relationship quality of gay and lesbian cohabiting couples. Journal of Homosexuality, 15, 91–118. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v45n01_04.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurdek, L. A. (1989). Relationship quality in gay and lesbian cohabiting couples: A 1-year follow-up study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 9, 39–59. doi:10.1177/026540758900600103
   Google Scholar
• Kurdek, L. A. (1992). Relationship stability and relationship satisfaction in cohabiting gay and lesbian couples: A prospective longitudinal test of the contextual and interdependence models. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 9(1), 125–142. doi:10.1177/0265407592091007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurdek, L. A. (1993). Predicting marital dissolution: A five-year prospective longitudinal study of newlywed couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(2), 221–242. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.2.221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurdek, L. A. (1994). Conflict resolution styles in gay, lesbian, heterosexual nonparent, and heterosexual parent couples. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56(3), 705–722. doi:10.2307/352880
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurdek, L. A. (1996). The deterioration of relationship quality for gay and lesbian cohabiting couples: A five-year prospective longitudinal study. Personal Relationships, 3(4), 417–442. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00125.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurdek, L. A. (2004). Are gay and lesbian cohabiting couples really different from heterosexual married couples? Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(4), 880–900. doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00060.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (2014). Statistical analysis with missing data (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H., & Northridge, M. E. (Eds.). (2007). The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2018). Internet/broadband fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/internet-broadband/
   Google Scholar
• Porche, M. V., Purvin, D. M., & Waddell, J. M. (2005). Tying the knot: The context of social change in Massachusetts (Working Paper No. 432). Wellesley, MA: Wellesley Centers for Women.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, M. A., Rothblum, E. D., Beauchaine, T. P., & Balsam, K. F. (2017). Adult children of same-sex and heterosexual couples: Demographic “thriving”. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 13(1), 1–15. doi:10.1080/1550428X.2016.1164648
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggle, E. D., Rothblum, E. D., Rostosky, S. S., Clark, J. B., & Balsam, K. F. (2016). “The secret of our success”: Long-term same-sex couples’ perceptions of their relationship longevity. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 12(4), 319–334. doi:10.1080/1550428X.2015.1095668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggle, E. D., Wickham, R. E., Rostosky, S. S., Rothblum, E. D., & Balsam, K. F. (2017). Impact of civil marriage recognition for long-term same-sex couples. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 14(2), 223–232. doi:10.1007/s13178-016-0243-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rostosky, S. S., & Riggle, E. D. (2017). Same-sex couple relationship strengths: A review and synthesis of the empirical literature (2000–2016). Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4(1), 1–13. doi:10.1037/sgd0000216
   Google Scholar
• Rostosky, S. S., Riggle, E. D., Rothblum, E. D., & Balsam, K. F. (2016). Same-sex couples’ decisions and experiences of marriage in the context of minority stress: Interviews from a population-based longitudinal study. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(8), 1019–1040. doi:10.1080/00918369.2016.1191232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothblum, E. D. (2007). From science fiction to computer-generated technology: Sampling lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. In I. H. Meyer & M. E. Northridge (Eds.), The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations (Chapter 17, pp. 442–454). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Rothblum, E. D., Balsam, K. F., & Mickey, R. M. (2004). Brothers and sisters of lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals as a demographic comparison group: An innovative research methodology to examine social change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 40(3), 283–301. doi:10.1177/0021886304266877
   Google Scholar
• Rothblum, E. D., Balsam, K. F., & Solomon, S. E. (2008). Comparison of same-sex couples who were married in Massachusetts, had domestic partnerships in California, or had civil unions in Vermont. Journal of Family Issues, 29(1), 48–78. doi:10.1177/0192513X07306087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothblum, E. D., Balsam, K. F., & Solomon, S. E. (2011a). Narratives of same-sex couples who had civil unions in Vermont: The impact of legalizing relationships on couples and on social policy. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 8(3), 183–191. doi:10.1007/s13178-011-0054-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothblum, E. D., Balsam, K. F., & Solomon, S. E. (2011b). The longest “legal” US same‐sex couples reflect on their relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 67(2), 302–315. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01699.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothblum, E. D., Balsam, K. F., & Wickham, R. E. (2018). Butch, femme and androgynous gender identities within female same-sex couples: An actor-partner analysis. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(1), 72–81. doi:10.1037/sgd0000258
   Google Scholar
• Rothblum, E. D., & Factor, R. (2001). Lesbians and their sisters as a control group: Demographic and mental health factors. Psychological Science, 12(1), 63–69. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreurs, K. M. G., & Buunk, B. P. (1996). Closeness, autonomy, equity, and relationship satisfaction in lesbian couples. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20(4), 577–592. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00323.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, S. E., Rothblum, E. D., & Balsam, K. F. (2004). Pioneers in partnership: Lesbian and gay male couples in civil unions compared with those not in civil unions and married heterosexual siblings. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(2), 275–286. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.2.275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, S. E., Rothblum, E. D., & Balsam, K. F. (2005). Money, housework, sex, and conflict: Same-sex couples in civil unions, those not in civil unions, and heterosexual married siblings. Sex Roles, 52(9-10), 561–575. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-3725-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus, M. A. (1979). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The conflict tactics (CT) scales. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41(1), 75–88. doi:10.2307/351733
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umberson, D., Thomeer, M. B., Kroeger, R. A., Lodge, A. C., & Xu, M. (2015). Challenges and opportunities for research on same‐sex relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(1), 96–111. doi:10.1111/jomf.12155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, T. V., & Kenny, D. A. (2011). Truth and bias model of judgment. Psychological Review, 118(2), 357–378. doi:10.1037/a0022936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickham, R. E., Beard, C. L., Riggle, E. D., Rothblum, E. D., Rostosky, S. S., & Balsam, K. F. (2016). Accuracy and bias in perceptions of conflict style among same-sex and heterosexual couples. Journal of Research in Personality, 65, 109–119. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar