References
- Abramowitz, Alan I., and Steven W. Webster. 2018. “Negative Partisanship: Why Americans Dislike Parties but Behave like Rabid Partisans.” Political Psychology 39: 119–135. doi:10.1111/pops.12479.
- Alsaad, Abdallah, Abdallah Taamneh, and Mohamad Noor Al-Jedaiah. 2018. “Does Social Media Increase Racist Behavior? An Examination of Confirmation Bias Theory.” Technology in Society 55: 41–46. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.06.002.
- Ambrose, Susan A., Michael W. Bridges, Michele DiPietro, Marsha C. Lovett, and Marie K. Norman. 2010. How Learning Works: Seven Research-based Principles for Smart Teaching. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
- Anson, Ian G. 2017. “Audience, Purpose, and Civic Engagement: A Reassessment of Writing Instruction in Political Science.” Journal of Political Science Education 13 (4):389–403. doi:10.1080/15512169.2017.1340166.
- BBC. 2020. “Germany Coronavirus: Anger After Attempt to Storm German Parliament.” BBC, August 30. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53964147 (February 28, 2021).
- Beinart, Peter. 2017. “A Violent Attack on Free Speech at Middleburry.” The Atlantic, March 6. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/middlebury-free-speech-violence/518667/ (February 28, 2021).
- Bollinger, Lee C. 2019. “Free Speech on College Campuses is Doing Just Fine, Thank You.” June 12. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/06/free-speech-crisis-campus-isnt-real/591394/ (February 28, 2021).
- Brady, William J., Julian A. Wills, John T. Jost, Joshua A. Tucker, and Jay J. Van Bavel. 2017. “Emotion Shapes the Diffusion of Moralized Content in Social Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114 (28):7313–7318. doi:10.1073/pnas.1618923114.
- Brandenburg v. Ohio. 1969. 395 U.S. 444. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1968/492?_escaped_fragment_=&_escaped_fragment_=&_escaped_fragment_=#! (March 5, 2020).
- Brandt, Mark J., and Jarret T. Crawford. 2016. “Answering Unresolved Questions about the Relationship between Cognitive Ability and Prejudice.” Social Psychological and Personality Science 7 (8):884–892. doi:10.1177/1948550616660592.
- Brandt, Mark J., Christine Reyna, John R. Chambers, Jarret T. Crawford, and Geoffrey Wetherell. 2014. “The Ideological-conflict Hypothesis: Intolerance among Both Liberals and Conservatives.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 23 (1):27–34. doi:10.1177/0963721413510932.
- Brandt, Mark J., and Daryl R. Van Tongeren. 2017. “People Both High and Low on Religious Fundamentalism Are Prejudiced toward Dissimilar Groups.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 112 (1):76–97. doi:10.1037/pspp0000076.
- Buchanan, Larry, Lazaro Gamio, Christina Kelso, Dmitriy Khavin, Lauren Leatherby, Alicia Parlapiano, Scott Reinhard, Anjali Singhvi, Derek Watkins, and Karen Yourish. 2021. “How a Pro-Trump Mob Stormed the Capitol.” New York Times, January 6. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/01/06/us/trump-mob-capitol-building.html?searchResultPosition=2 (February 28, 2021).
- Carothers, Thomas, and Andrew O’Donohue. 2019. “How to Understand the Global Spread of Political Polarization.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 1. https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/10/01/how-to-understand-global-spread-of-political-polarization-pub-79893 (February 28, 2021).
- Carothers, Thomas, and Benjamin Press. 2020. “The Global Rise of Anti-Lockdown Protests—and What to Do About It.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 15. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/15/global-rise-of-anti-lockdown-protests-and-what-to-do-about-it-pub-82984 (February 28, 2021).
- Cave, Damien, Livia Albeck-Ripka, and Iliana Magra. 2020. “Huge Crowds Around the Globe March in Solidarity Against Police Brutality.” New York Times, June 6. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/06/world/george-floyd-global-protests.html (February 28, 2021).
- Claassen, Ryan L., and J. Quin Monson. 2015. “Does Civic Education Matter?: The Power of Long-term Observation and the Experimental Method.” Journal of Political Science Education 11 (4):404–421. doi:10.1080/15512169.2015.1069197.
- Dalton, Russell J. 2015. The Good Citizen: How a Younger Generation Is Reshaping American Politics. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage/CQ Press.
- Dalton, Russell J. 2021. The Good Citizen: How a Younger Generation Is Reshaping American Politics. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage/CQ Press.
- Doubek, James, 2017. “Conspiracy Theorist Alex Jones Apologizes for Promoting ‘Pizzagate’”. National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/26/521545788/conspiracy-theorist-alex-jones-apologizes-for-promoting-pizzagate (February 28, 2021).
- Duch, Raymond M., and James L. Gibson. 1992. “Putting up With’” Fascists in Western Europe: A Comparative, Cross-level Analysis of Political Tolerance.” Western Political Quarterly 45 (1):237–273. doi:10.1177/106591299204500116.
- Eisenstein, Maria A., and April K. Clark. 2013. “Portraits of Religion in Introductory American Government Textbooks: Images of Tolerance or Intolerance.” Journal of Political Science Education 9 (1):89–107. doi:10.1080/15512169.2013.747929.
- Eyler, Joshua. 2018. How Humans Learn: The Science and Stories behind Effective College Teaching. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Press.
- Festinger, Leon. 1957. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Vol. 2). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Fink, L. Dee. 2003. Creating Significant Learning Experiences: An Integrated Approach to Designing College Courses. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Fiorina, Morris. P. 2016. “Party Sorting and Democratic Politics.” Contemporary American Politics, https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/research/docs/fiorina_party_sorting_and_democratic_politics_4.pdf (August 1, 2020).
- Gibson, James L. 2013. “Political Intolerance in the Context of Democratic Theory.” The Oxford Handbook of Political Science (edited by Robert E. Goodin). doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199604456.013.0021.
- Hall, John Powell. 2018. “Effects of Political Knowledge on Political Tolerance.” Journal of Political Science Education 14 (1):104–122. doi:10.1080/15512169.2017.1366236.
- Hauser, Christine. 2017. “Alex Jones Retracts Chobani Claims to Resolve Lawsuit.” New York Times, May 17. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/17/us/alex-jones-chobani-lawsuit.html (February 28, 2021).
- Jones, Michael D., and Mark K. McBeth. 2010. “A Narrative Policy Framework: Clear Enough to Be Wrong?” Policy Studies Journal 38 (2):329–353. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00364.x.
- Kahan, Dan M., Hank Jenkins‐Smith, and Donald Braman. 2011. “Cultural Cognition of Scientific Consensus.” Journal of Risk Research 14 (2):147–128. doi:10.1080/13669877.2010.511246.
- Kahneman, Daniel. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York, NY: Macmillan.
- Lang, James M. 2016. Small Teaching: Everyday Lessons from the Science of Learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Leamnson, Robert. 1999. Thinking About Teaching and Learning. Sterling, VA: Stylus.
- Lukianoff, Greg, and Jonathan Haidt. 2019. The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
- Mason, Lilianna. 2015. “‘I Disrespectfully Agree’: The Differential Effects of Partisan Sorting on Social and Issue Polarization.” American Journal of Political Science 59 (1):128–145. doi:10.1111/ajps.12089.
- Mather, Victor. 2019. “A Timeline of Colin Kaepernick v. the N.F.L.” New York Times, February 15. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/15/sports/nfl-colin-kaepernick-protests-timeline.html (February 28, 2021).
- Mill, J.S. 1859/1998. On Liberty and Other Essays. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Monroe, Kristin, and Maria Luisa Martinez-Marti. 2008. “Empathy, Prejudice, and Fostering Tolerance.” PS: Political Science & Politics 41 (4):857–863. doi:10.1017/S104909650881122.
- Moreira, João F. Guassi, Jay J. Van Bavel, and Eva H. Telzer. 2017. “The Neural Development of ‘Us and Them.’” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 12 (2):184–196. doi:10.1093/scan/nsw134.
- Nam, H. Hannah, John T. Jost, and Jay J. Van Bavel. 2013. “Not for All the Tea in China!” Political Ideology and the Avoidance of Dissonance-arousing Situations. PLoS One 8 (4):e59837. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059837.
- Naylor, Brian. 2021. “Trump Calls on Pence to Reject Electoral Votes: Pence Says He Won’t.”. National Public Radio, January 6. https://www.npr.org/sections/congress-electoral-college-tally-live-updates/2021/01/06/953998465/trump-calls-on-pence-to-reject-electoral-votes-pence-says-he-wont (March 4, 2021).
- Nowak, Martin A., Karen M. Page, and Karl Sigmund. 2000. “Fairness versus Reason in the Ultimatum Game.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 289 (5485):1773–1775. doi:10.1126/science.289.5485.1773.
- Pariser, Eli. 2011. The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We think. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
- Parker, Kim, and Ruth Igielnik. 2020. “On the Cusp of Adulthood and Facing an Uncertain Future: What We Know So Far About Generation Z.” Pew Research Center, May 14. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/05/14/on-the-cusp-of-adulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far-2/ (March 4, 2021).
- Peffley, Mark, and Robert Rohrschneider. 2003. “Democratization and Political Tolerance in Seventeen Countries: A Multi-level Model of Democratic Learning.” Political Research Quarterly 56 (3):243–257. doi:10.1177/106591290305600301.
- Popper, Karl. [1945] 2012. The Open Society and Its Enemies. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Putnam, Robert D. 2000/2020. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. 20th Anniversary Edition. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
- Shubik, M. 1971. “The Dollar Auction Game: A Paradox in Noncooperative Behavior and Escalation.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 15(1):109–111. doi:10.1177/002200277101500111.
- Stouffer, Samuel A. 1954. “1665 and 1954.” Public Opinion Quarterly 18 (3):233–238. doi:10.1086/266511.
- Sullivan, John L., James Piereson, and George E. Marcus. 1979. “An Alternative Conceptualization of Political Tolerance: Illusory Increases 1950s-1970s.” American Political Science Review 73 (3):781–794. doi:10.2307/1955404.
- Taber, Charles S., and Martin Lodge. 2006. “Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of Political Beliefs.” American Journal of Political Science 50 (3):755–769. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x.
- The Economist 2018. “Germany is Banning ‘Hate Speech’ But Cannot Define It.” The Economist, January 11. https://www.economist.com/europe/2018/01/13/germany-is-silencing-hate-speecbut-cannot-define-it (February 28, 2021).
- Timpf, Katherine. 2019. “The Most Absurd PC Moments of the 2010’s.” National Review, December 31. https://www.nationalreview.com/2019/12/most-absurd-politically-correct-moments-last-decade/ (July 9, 2022).
- Van Gelder, Tim. 2005. “Teaching Critical Thinking: Some Lessons from Cognitive Science.” College Teaching 53 (1):41–46. doi:10.3200/CTCH.53.1.41-48.
- Vigdor, Neil. 2019. “Judge Orders Alex Jones and Infowars to Pay $100,00 in Sandy Hook Legal Fees.” New York Times, December 31. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/31/us/Alex-Jones-sandy-hook.html (February 28, 2021).
- Webster, Andrew, 2018. “Finally, the Real Story of Peter Norman and the Black Power Salute.” The Sydney Morning Herald, October 20. https://www.smh.com.au/sport/finally-the-real-story-about-peter-norman-and-the-black-power-salute-20181018-p50abm.html (February 28, 2021).
- Westen, Drew. 2008. The Political Brain: The Role of Emotion in Deciding the Fate of the Nation. New York, NY: Public Affairs.