Features of Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke in China

References

• Beslow LA, Jordan LC. Pediatric stroke: the importance of cerebral arteriopathy and vascular malformations. Child Nerv Syst. 2010; 26(10):1263–73. doi: 10.1007/s00381-010-1208-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosa M, De Lucia S, Rinaldi VE, Le Gal J, Desmarest M, Veropalumbo C, et al. Paediatric arterial ischemic stroke: acute management, recent advances and remaining issues. Ital J Pediatr. 2015;41:95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goeggel Simonetti B, Caveltti A, Arnold M, Bigi S, Regenyi M, et al. Long-term outcome after arterial ischemic stroke in children and young adults. Neurology. 2015;84:1941–47. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce L. Stroke in childhood. Nurs Stand. 2017;31(47):15. doi: 10.7748/ns.31.47.15.s16.
   Google Scholar
• Mallick AA, Ganesan V, Kirkham FJ, Fallon P, Hedderly T, McShane T, et al. Childhood arterial ischaemic stroke incidence, presenting features, and risk factors: a prospective population-based study. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:35–43. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70290-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon AL, Anderson V, Ditchfield M, Coleman L, Mackay MT, Greenham M, et al. Factors associated with six-month outcome of pediatric stroke. Int J Stroke. 2015;10:1068–73. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golomb MR, Fullerton HJ, Nowak-Gottl U, Deveber G; International Pediatric Stroke Study Group. Male predominance in childhood ischemic stroke. Findings from the International Pediatric Stroke Study. Stroke. 2009;40:52–57. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.521203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaLynch J K, Hirtz D G, Deverber G, Nelson KB. Report of the national insti-tute of neurological disorders and stroke workshop on perinatal and childhood stroke. Pediatrics. 2002;109:116–23. doi: 10.1542/peds.109.1.116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karalok ZS, Genc HM, Taskin BD, Ceylan N, Guven A, Yarali N. Risk factors and motor outcome of paediatric stroke patients. Brain Dev. 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.07.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay MT, Wiznitzer M, Benedict SL, Lee KJ, Deveber GA, Ganesan V, et al. Arterial ischemic stroke risk factors: the international pediatric stroke study. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(1):130e40. doi: 10.1002/ana.22224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Per H, Unal E, Poyrazoglu HG, Ozdemir MA, Donmez H, Gumus H, et al. Childhood stroke: results of 130 children from a reference center in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Pediatr Neurol. 2014;50:595–600. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.12.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidale S, Consoli A, Arnaboldi M, Consoli D. Postischemic inflammation in acute stroke. J Clin Neurol. 2017;13(1):1–9. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2017.13.1.1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinlin M. Neuroinflammation in ischemic pediatric stroke. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2017;24(3):201–6. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.08.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng Y, Wang Y, Yang W, Yu Y, Xu J, Wang Y, et al. Risk factors and imaging characteristics of childhood stroke in China. J Child Neurol. 2015; 30:339–43. doi: 10.1177/0883073814538667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan AK, deVeber G. Prothrombotic disorders and ischemic stroke in children. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2000;7(4):301e8. doi: 10.1053/spen.2000.20075.
   Google Scholar
• Gerstl L, Weinberger R, von Kries R, Heinen F, Schroeder AS, Bonfert MV, et al. Risk factors in childhood arterial ischaemic stroke: findings from a population-based study in Germany. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2018;22(3):380–86. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.01.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowling MM, Hynan LS, Lo W, Licht DJ, McClure C, Yager JY, et al. International Paediatric Stroke Study: stroke associated with cardiac disorders. Int J Stroke. 2013;8:39–44. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00925.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan R, Chan AK, Mondal TK, Paes BA. Patent foramen ovale and stroke in childhood: a systematic review of the literature. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2016;20(4):500. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.04.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang FH, Wang H, Zhang JM, Liang HY. Clinical features and risk factors of cerebral infarction after mild head trauma under 18 months of age. Pediatr Neurol. 2013;48(3):220–6. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.12.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang S, Zhou D, Ya J, Li S, Yang Q, Ding Y, et al. Progress in Moyamoya disease. Neurosurg Rev. 2018. doi: 10.1007/s10143-018-0994-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ge P, Zhang Q, Ye X, Wang S, Zhang D, Zhao J. Clinical features, surgical treatment, and long-term outcome in children with hemorrhagic Moyamoya disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;27(6):1517–23. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.12.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganesan V, Prengler M, Wade A, Kirkham FJ. Clinical and radiological recurrence after childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Circulation. 2006;114:2170–77. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.583690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Jung JH, Phi JH, Kang HS, Kim JE, Chae JH, et al. Decreased level and defective function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in children with Moyamoya disease. J Neurosci Res. 2010;88(3):510–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi JW, Son SM, Mook-Jung I, Moon YJ, Lee JY, Wang KC, et al. Mitochondrial abnormalities related to the dysfunction of circulating endothelial colony-forming cells in Moyamoya disease. J Neurosurg. 2017,8:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Morishita R, Sakaki M, Yamamoto K, Iguchi S, Aoki M, Yamasaki K, et al. Impairment of collateral formation in lipoprotein(a) transgenic mice: therapeutic angiogenesis induced by human hepatocyte growth factor gene. Circulation. 2002;105(12):1491–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower RS, Mallory GW, Nwojo M, Kudva YC, Flemming KD, Meyer FB. Moyamoya disease in a primarily white, midwestern US population: increased prevalence of autoimmune disease. Stroke. 2013;44(7):1997–99. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao X, Deng J, Dai W, Zhang T, Yan J. Rare variants of RNF213 and Moyamoya/non-Moyamoya intracranial artery stenosis/occlusion disease risk: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Environ Health Prev Med. 2017;22(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s12199-017-0680-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Research Committee on the Pathology and Treatment of Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circle of Willis; Health Labour Sciences Research Grant for Research on Measures for Infractable Diseases. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis) (2012). Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2012;52(5):245–266.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ndiaye M, Lengue F, Sagna SD. Childhood arterial ischemic stroke in Senegal (West Africa). Arch Pediatr. 2018;25(6):351–54. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2018.06.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenaar N, Martinez-Biarge M, van der Aa NE, van Haastert IC, Groenendaal F, Benders MJNL, et al. Neurodevelopment after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke. Pediatrics. 2018;142(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-4164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonfert MV, Badura K, Gerstl J, Borggraefe I, Heinen F, Schroeder S, et al. Childhood stroke: awareness, interest, and knowledge among the pediatric community. Front Pediatr. 2018;25:182.
   Google Scholar
• Mackay MT, Monagle P, Babl FE. Improving diagnosis of childhood arterial ischaemic stroke. Expert Rev Neurother. 2017; 17(12):1157–65. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1395699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman R, Yude C. Emotional, behavioural and social consequences. In: Neville BG, Goodmann R, editors. Congenital hemiplegia. Mac Keith Press; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Broderick J, Talbot GT, Prenger E, Leach A, Brott T. Stroke in children within a major metropolitan area: the surprising importance of intracerebral hemorrhage. J Child Neurol. 1993;8:250–55. doi: 10.1177/088307389300800308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganesan V, Prengler M, McShane MA, Wade AM, Kirkham FJ. Investigation of risk factors in children with arterial ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol. 2003;53:167–73. doi: 10.1002/ana.10423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollins N, Pride GL, Plumb PA, Dowling MM. Brainstem strokes in children: an 11-year series from a tertiary pediatric center. Pediatr Neurol. 2013;49:458–64. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.07.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox CK, Jordan LC, Beslow LA, Armstrong J, Mackay MT, deVeber G. Children with post-stroke epilepsy have poorer outcomes one year after stroke. Int J Stroke. 2018;29:1747493018784434. doi: 10.1177/1747493018784434.
   Google Scholar
• Rodrigues FB, Neves JB, Caldeira D, Ferro JM, Ferreira JJ, Costa J. Endovascular treatment versus medical care alone for ischaemic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bristish Med J. 2016; 353:i1754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivkin MJ, deVeber G, Ichord RN, Kirton A, Chan AK, Hovinga CA, et al. Thrombolysis in pediatric stroke study. Stroke. 2015;46:880–85. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.008210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar