References
- Addington, L. A. (2009). Cops and cameras: Public school security as a policy response to Columbine. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(10), 1426–1446. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764209332556
- Agnew, R. (2012). It’s the end of the world as we know it: The advance of climate change from a criminological perspective. In Climate change from a criminological perspective (pp. 13–25). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3640-9_2
- Aini, M. S., & Fakhru’l-Razi, A. (2013). Latent errors of socio-technical disasters: A Malaysian case study. Safety Science, 51(1), 284–292. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.07.004
- Amur, J. (2017). Full transcript: Theresa May’s speech on Brexit. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/01/17/full-transcript-theresa-mays-speech-on-brexit/%0A
- Androff, D. K., Ayon, C., Becerra, D., & Gurrola, M. (2011). US immigration policy and immigrant children’s well-being: The impact of policy shifts. Journal of Social & Social Welfare, 38(1), 77. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79953875990&partnerID=8YFLogxK
- Ansell, C., Boin, A., & Keller, A. (2010). Managing transboundary crises: Identifying the building blocks of an effective response system. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 18(4), 195–207. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2010.00620.x
- Balakrishnan, M. S. (2011). Protecting from brand burn during times of crisis: Mumbai 26/11 a case of the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower Hotel. Management Research Review, 34(12), 1309–1334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171111186423
- Benoit, W. L. (1997a). Accounts, excuses, and apologies: A theory of image restoration strategies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(3), 1-19. Marcombo. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2393739
- Benoit, W. L. (1997b). Image repair discourse and crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 23(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(97)90023-0
- Bernays, E. L. (1952). American public relations of expansion 1800–65. In Public relations (1st ed., pp. 49). University of Oklahoma Press.
- Bier, L. M., Park, S., & Palenchar, M. J. (2018). Framing the flight MH370 mystery: A content analysis of Malaysian, Chinese, and US media. International Communication Gazette, 80(2), 158–184.
- Blatz, C. W., Schumann, K., & Ross, M. (2009). Government apologies for historical injustices. Political Psychology, 30(2), 219–241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00689.x
- Blumer, H. (1939). Collective behavior. Principles of sociology R. E. Park, edited by. New York Barnes & Noble.
- Boin, A., ’t Hart, P., & McConnell, A. (2009). Crisis exploitation: Political and policy impacts of framing contests. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(1), 81–106. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760802453221
- Boin, A., & Hart, P. (2003). Public leadership in times of crisis: Mission impossible? Public Administration Review, 63(5), 544–553. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6210.00318
- Bradford, J. L., & Garrett, D. E. (1995). The effectiveness of corporate communicative responses to accusations of unethical behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 14(11), 875–892. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00882067
- Brophy, S. (2008). Mexico: Cartels, corruption and cocaine: A profile of the Gulf cartel. Global Crime, 9(3), 248–261. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17440570802254353
- Brown, K. A., & Ki, E.-J. (2013). Developing a valid and reliable measure of organizational crisis responsibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 90(2), 363–384. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699013482911
- Burnett, J. J. (1998). A strategic approach to managing crises. Public Relations Review, 24(4), 475–488. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(99)80112-X
- Butler, P., & Collins, N. (1995). Marketing public sector services: Concepts and characteristics. Journal of Marketing Management, 11(1–3), 83–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.1995.9964331
- Canel, M. J., & Sanders, K. (2010). Crisis communication and terrorist attacks: Framing a response to the 2004 Madrid Bombings and 2005 London Bombings. In W. T. Coombs & S. J. Holladay,(Eds.), The Handbook of Crisis Communication, 449–466. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444314885.ch22
- BBC News (2018, November 26). Trump on climate change report: “I don’t believe it.” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46351940
- Chouhan, T. R. (2005). The unfolding of Bhopal disaster. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 18(4–6), 205–208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2005.07.025
- Collins, C. L. (2007). Threat assessment in the Post-Columbine public school system: The use of crisis management plans in the public school sector as a means to address and mitigate school gun violence. International Journal of Educational Advancement, 7(1), 46–61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ijea.2150043
- Compton, J. (2016). Sorry sorries: Image repair after regretted apologies. Public Relations Review, 42(2), 353–358. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2016.01.002
- Cook, A. H. (2009). Towards an emergency response report card: Evaluating the response to the I-35W bridge collapse. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 6(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2202/1547–7355.1605
- Coombs, W. T. (1995). Choosing the right words: The development of guidelines for the selection of the “appropriate” crisis-response strategies. Management Communication Quarterly, 8(4), 447–476. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318995008004003
- Coombs, W. T. (1998). An analytic framework for crisis situations: Better responses from a better understanding of the situation. Journal of Public Relations Research, 10(3), 177–191. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr1003_02
- Coombs, W. T. (2007a). Attribution Theory as a guide for post-crisis communication research. Public Relations Review, 33(2), 135–139. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.11.016
- Coombs, W. T. (2007b). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 10(3), 163–176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550049
- Coombs, W. T. (2014). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding (Fourth ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (1996). Communication and attributions in a crisis: An experimental study in crisis communication. Journal of Public Relations Research, 8(4), 279–295. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr0804_04
- Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2002). Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets: Initial tests of the situational crisis communication theory. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(2), 165–186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/089331802237233
- Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2003). Reasoned action in crisis communication: An attribution theory-based approach to crisis management. Responding to Crisis: A Rhetorical Approach to Crisis Communication, 95–115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410609496
- Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2008). Comparing apology to equivalent crisis response strategies: Clarifying apology’s role and value in crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 34(3), 252–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2008.04.001
- Dawar, N. (1998). Product-harm crises and the signaling ability of brands. International Studies of Management & Organization, 28(3), 109–119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1998.11656742
- Dawar, N., & Lei, J. (2009). Brand crises: The roles of brand familiarity and crisis relevance in determining the impact on brand evaluations. Journal of Business Research, 62(4), 509–516. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.02.001
- Deng, F. M. (1995). Frontiers of sovereignty: A framework of protection, assistance, and development for the internally displaced. Leiden Journal of International Law, 8(2), 249–286. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156500003320
- Drydakis, N. (2015). The effect of unemployment on self-reported health and mental health in Greece from 2008 to 2013: A longitudinal study before and during the financial crisis. Social Science & Medicine, 128, 43–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.025
- Engineer, A. A. (2002). Gujarat riots in the light of the history of communal violence. Economic and Political Weekly, 37(50), 5047–5054. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4412966
- Etzioni, A. (2006). Sovereignty as responsibility. Orbis, 50(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2005.10.006
- Fediuk, T. A., Coombs, W. T., & Botero, I. C. (2010). Exploring crisis from a receiver perspective: Understanding stakeholder reactions during crisis events. In W. Timothy Coombs & Sherry J. Holladay(Eds.), In The handbook of crisis communication (pp. 635–656). Wiley-Blackwell.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444314885.ch31
- Fusfeld, D. R. (1970). The basic economics of the urban and racial crisis. The Review of Black Political Economy, 1(1), 58–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03037543
- Garfin, D. R., Silver, R. C., & Holman, E. A. (2020). The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. Health Psychology, 39(5), 355–357. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/hea0000875
- Grappi, S., & Romani, S. (2015). Company post-crisis communication strategies and the psychological mechanism underlying consumer reactions. Journal of Public Relations Research, 27(1), 22–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2014.924839
- Greyser, S. A. (2009). Corporate brand reputation and brand crisis management. Management Decision, 47(4), 590–602. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740910959431
- Gundel, S. (2005). Towards a new typology of crises. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 13(3), 106–115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2005.00465.x
- Haines, F. (2009). Regulatory failures and regulatory solutions: A characteristic analysis of the aftermath of disaster. Law & Social Inquiry, 34(1), 31–60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2009.01138.x
- Heath, R. L. (2010). Introduction crisis communication: Defining the beast and de-marginalizing key publics. In W. Timothy Coombs & J. S. Holladay (Eds.), The handbook of crisis communication (pp. 1–13). Wiley Online Library.
- Hillman, A. L. (2004). Corruption and public finance: An IMF perspective. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), 1067–1077. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.09.004
- Huang, H. (2017). A war of (mis) information: The political effects of rumors and rumor rebuttals in an authoritarian country. British Journal of Political Science, 47(2), 283–311. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123415000253
- Isaak, J., & Hanna, M. J. (2018). User Data Privacy: Facebook, Cambridge Analytica, and Privacy Protection. Computer, 51(8), 56–59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2018.3191268
- Jaques, T. (2007). Issue management and crisis management: An integrated, non-linear, relational construct. Public Relations Review, 33(2), 147–157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2007.02.001
- Jessop, B. (2017). The organic crisis of the British state: Putting Brexit in its place. Globalizations, 14(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2016.1228783
- Johar, G. V., Einwiller, S. A., & Birk, M. M. (2010). How to save your brand in the face of crisis. MIT Sloan Management Review, 51(4), 57–64. https://search.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/how-save-your-brand-face-crisis/docview/633233268/se-2?accountid=170785
- Jones, G. H., Jones, B. H., & Little, P. (2000). Reputation as reservoir: Buffering against loss in times of economic crisis. Corporate Reputation Review, 3(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1540096
- Kala, C. P. (2014). Deluge, disaster and development in Uttarakhand Himalayan region of India: challenges and lessons for disaster management. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 8, 143–152. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.03.002
- Keller, J. W., & Yang, Y. E. (2009). Empathy and strategic interaction in crises: A poliheuristic perspective. Foreign Policy Analysis, 5(2), 169–189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2009.00088.x
- Ki, E. J., & Nekmat, E. (2014). Situational crisis communication and interactivity: Usage and effectiveness of Facebook for crisis management by fortune 500 companies. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 140–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.039
- Kim, J., & Jin, Y. (2016). Understanding emotionally involved publics. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 21(4), 465–482. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-10-2015-0064
- Krain, M. (1997). State-sponsored mass murder: The onset and severity of genocides and politicides. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41(3), 331–360. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002797041003001
- Lachlan, K. A. (2010). Handbook of risk and crisis communication. In R. L. Heath & H. Dan O’Hair (Eds.), Journal of communication (Vol. 60, pp. E8–E11). Issue 3. Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01501.x
- Lagadec, P. (1997). Learning processes for crisis management in complex organizations. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 5(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00034
- Laing, A. (2003). Marketing in the public sector: Towards a typology of public services. Marketing Theory, 3(4), 427–445. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593103042005
- Lawrence, D., & Vandecar, K. (2015). Effects of tropical deforestation on climate and agriculture. Nature Climate Change, 5(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2430
- Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Cognition and motivation in emotion. American Psychologist, 46(4), 352–367. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.4.352
- Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(10), e1–e34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006
- Lindell, M. K., & Prater, C. S. (2007). A hurricane evacuation management decision support system (EMDSS). Natural Hazards, 40(3), 627–634. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-9013-1
- Littlefield, R. S., & Quenette, A. M. (2007). Crisis Leadership and Hurricane Katrina: The Portrayal of Authority by the Media in Natural Disasters. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35(1), 26–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880601065664
- Liu, B. F., & Horsley, J. S. (2007). The government communication decision wheel: Toward a public relations model for the public sector. Journal of Public Relations Research, 19(4), 377–393. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10627260701402473
- Liu, T., Zhong, M., & Xing, J. (2005). Industrial accidents: Challenges for China’s economic and social development. Safety Science, 43(8), 503–522. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2005.08.012
- Marcus, A. A., & Goodman, R. S. (1991). Victims and shareholders: The dilemmas of presenting corporate policy during a crisis. Academy of Management Journal, 34(2), 281–305. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/256443
- Martin, R. M., & Boynton, L. A. (2005). From liftoff to landing: NASA’s crisis communications and resulting media coverage following the Challenger and Columbia tragedies. Public Relations Review, 31(2), 253–261. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2005.02.014
- McCoy, M. (2014). Reputational threat and image repair strategies: Northern Ireland water’s crisis communication in a freeze/thaw incident. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 26(2), 99–126. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2013.872508
- Miller, A. H. (2001). The Los Angeles riots: A study in crisis paralysis. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 9(4), 189–199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00169
- Mukhra, R., Baryah, N., Krishan, K., & Kanchan, T. (2019). ‘Blue whale challenge’: A game or crime? Science and Engineering Ethics, 25(1), 285–291. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-0004-2
- Müller, R. (1985). Corporate crisis management. Long Range Planning, 18(5), 38–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(85)90199-2
- Murakami, H. (2006). Kafka on the shore. Vintage.
- Murphy, P. (1996). Chaos theory as a model for managing issues and crises. Public Relations Review, 22(2), 95–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(96)90001-6
- Norval, M., Lucas, R. M., Cullen, A. P., De Gruijl, F. R., Longstreth, J., Takizawa, Y., & Van Der Leun, J. C. (2011). The human health effects of ozone depletion and interactions with climate change. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 10(2), 199–225. PMID: 21253670 doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/c0pp90044c
- Olsson, E.-K. (2014). Crisis communication in public organisations: Dimensions of crisis communication revisited. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 22(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12047
- Pearson, C. M., & Clair, J. A. (1998). Reframing crisis management. Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 59–76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.192960
- Pearson, C. M., & Mitroff, I. I. (1993). From crisis prone to crisis prepared: A framework for crisis management. Academy of Management Perspectives, 7(1), 48–59. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1993.9409142058
- Perrow, C. (1961). The analysis of goals in complex organizations. American Sociological Review, 26(6), 854. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2090570
- Perrow, C. (1994). The limits of safety: The enhancement of a theory of accidents. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 2(4), 212–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.1994.tb00046.x
- Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 78–92. PMID: 17183795
- Press Trust of India. (2009, January). National investigation agency comes into being. India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/national-investigation-agency-comes-into-being-36367-2009-01-01
- Press Trust of India. (2012, November). NASA scientists quash “doomsday” rumours, say world will not end. India Today, December 21. https://www.indiatoday.in/world/americas/story/nasa-scientists-doomsday-december-earth-sumerians-nibiru-mayan-calendar-122916-2012-11-30
- Quah, S. R., & Hin-Peng, L. (2004). Crisis prevention and management during SARS outbreak, Singapore. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(2), 364. doi:https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1002.030418
- Quarantelli, E. L. (1988). Disaster crisis management: A summary of research findings. Journal of Management Studies, 25(4), 373–385. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00043.x
- Quarantelli, E. L., & Dynes, R. R. (1977). Response to social crisis and disaster. Annual Review of Sociology, 3(1), 23–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.03.080177.000323
- Ray, R. (2000). Analysis of child labour in Peru and Pakistan: A comparative study. Journal of Population Economics, 13(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s001480050119
- Rittel, H. W., & Webber, M. M. (1973). 2.3 planning problems are wicked. Polity, 4(155), e169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730
- Rosenthal, U. (2003). September 11: Public Administration and the Study of Crises and Crisis Management. Administration & Society, 35(2), 129–143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399703035002001
- Rosenthal, U., & Hart, P. (1991). Experts and decision makers in crisis situations. Knowledge, 12(4), 350–372. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/107554709101200402
- Rosenthal, U., Hart, P., & Kouzmin, A. (1991). The bureau‐politics of crisis management. Public Administration, 69(2), 211–233. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00791.x
- Roux-Dufort, C. (2007). Is crisis management (only) a management of exceptions? Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 15(2), 105–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2007.00507.x
- Saeed, S., Yousafzai, S., Paladino, A., & De Luca, L. M. (2015). Inside-out and outside-in orientations: A meta-analysis of orientation’s effects on innovation and firm performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 47(4), 121–133. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.02.037
- Saenko, V., Ivanov, V., Tsyb, A., Bogdanova, T., Tronko, M., Demidchik, Y., & Yamashita, S. (2011). The Chernobyl accident and its consequences. Clinical Oncology, 23(4), 234–243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2011.01.502
- Seal, G. (2009). The Robin Hood principle: Folklore, history and the social bandit. Journal of Folklore Research, 46(1), 67–89. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40206940
- Share, L. (1972). Family communication in the crisis of a child’s fatal illness: A literature review and analysis. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 3(3), 187–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2190/LXVN-CQH4-5VLA-A2PJ
- Shrivastava, P. (1993). Crisis theory/practice: Towards a sustainable future. Industrial & Environmental Crisis Quarterly, 7(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/108602669300700103
- Shrivastava, P. (1994). The evolution of research on technological crises in the US. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 2(1), 10–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.1994.tb00022.x
- Silverman, J. G., Raj, A., Cheng, D. M., Decker, M. R., Coleman, S., Bridden, C., Pardeshi, M., Saggurti, N., & Samet, J. H. (2011). Sex trafficking and initiation-related violence, alcohol use and HIV risk among HIV-infected female sex workers in Mumbai, India. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204(suppl_5), S1229–S1234. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir540
- Siomkos, G. J., & Kurzbard, G. (1994). The hidden crisis in product-harm crisis management. European Journal of Marketing, 28(2), 30–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569410055265
- Skoufias, E., & Bank, I. D. (2003). Economic crises and natural disasters : Coping strategies and policy implications. World Development, 31(7), 1087–1102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00069-X
- Smith, D. (1990). Beyond contingency planning: Towards a model of crisis management. Industrial Crisis Quarterly, 4(4), 263–275. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/108602669000400402
- Smith, D., & Mccloskey, J. (1998, February). Risk and crisis management in the public sector: Risk communication and the social amplification of public sector risk. Public Money & Management, 18(4), 41–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9302.00140
- Snyder, P., Hall, M., Robertson, J., Jasinski, T., & Miller, J. S. (2006). Ethical rationality: A strategic approach to organizational crisis. Journal of Business Ethics, 63(4), 371–383. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3328-9
- Soothill, K. (1993). The serial killer industry. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 4(2), 341–354. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189308407983
- Sorensen, P. (2017). The chronic water shortage in Cape Town and survival strategies. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 74(4), 515–527. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2017.1335019
- Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2002). An emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior. Some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 269–292. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(02)00049-9
- Starbird, K., Maddock, J., Orand, M., Achterman, P., & Mason, R. M. (2014). Rumors, false flags, and digital vigilantes: Misinformation on twitter after the 2013 boston marathon bombing. IConference 2014 proceedings. University of Illinois. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9776/14308
- Starbuck, W. H., & Milliken, F. J. (1988). Challenger: fine#tuning the odds until something breaks. Journal of Management Studies, 25(4), 319–340.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00040.x
- Stewart, J., & Walsh, K. (1992). Change in the management of public services. Public Administration, 70(4), 499–518. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1992.tb00952.x
- t̓ Hart, P., & Boin, A. (2001). Between crisis and normalcy: The long shadow of post-crisis politics. In U. Rosenthal, A. Boin, & L. Comfort (Eds.), Managing crises: Threats, dilemmas, opportunities (pp. 28–46). Springfield, IL
- Ter Huurne, M., Ronteltap, A., Corten, R., & Buskens, V. (2017). Antecedents of trust in the sharing economy: A systematic review. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 16(6), 485–498. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1667
- Tiong, T. A. N. N. (2004). Crisis theory and SARS: Singapore’s management of the epidemic. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 14(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21650993.2004.9755939
- Turner, B. A. (1976). The organizational and interorganizational development of disasters. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(3), 378–397. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2391850
- Turner, R. H., & Killian, L. M. (1957). Collective behavior (Vol. 3). Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
- Ulmer, R. R., Seeger, M. W., & Sellnow, T. L. (2007). Post-crisis communication and renewal: Expanding the parameters of post-crisis discourse. Public Relations Review, 33(2), 130–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.11.015
- Urde, M., Baumgarth, C., & Merrilees, B. (2013). Brand orientation and market orientation—From alternatives to synergy. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.018
- Webb, G. R. (2002). Sociology, disasters, and terrorism: Understanding threats of the new millennium. Sociological Focus, 35(1), 87–95. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2002.10571223
- Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92(4), 548. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548
- Weisath, L., Knudsen, Ø., & Tonnessen, A. (2002). Technological disasters, crisis management and leadership stress. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 93(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00036-5
- The Whitehouse News release. (2001a). Remarks by the president George W. Bush upon arrival at barksdale air force base. https://www.911memorial.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2001sept.11RemarksbyPresidentBushUponArrivalatBarksdaleAirForceBase_0.pdf
- The Whitehouse News release. (2001b). Statement by president George W. Bush in his address to the nation. https://www.911memorial.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2001sept.11StatementbyPresidentBushinHisAddresstotheNation_0.pdf
- Whitlock, F. A., Stoll, J. R., & Rekhdahl, R. J. (1977). Crisis, life events and accidents. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 11(2), 127–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/00048677709159549
- Williams, P. D., & Bellamy, A. J. (2005). The responsibility to protect and the crisis in Darfur. Security Dialogue, 36(1), 27–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010605051922
- Williams, T. A., Gruber, D. A., Sutcliffe, K. M., Shepherd, D. A., & Zhao, E. Y. (2017). Organizational response to adversity: Fusing crisis management and resilience research streams. Academy of Management Annals, 11(2), 733–769. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0134
- Zhang, M., Song, Y., & Cai, X. (2007). A health-based assessment of particulate air pollution in urban areas of Beijing in 2000–2004. Science of the Total Environment, 376(1–3), 100–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.085
- Zimmerman, R. (1987). The Government’s role as stakeholder in industrial crises. Industrial Crisis Quarterly, 1(3), 34–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/108602668700100305