420
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Examining WHO’s Crisis Communication in Issue Arenas during COVID-19: A Socio-semantic Network Analysis

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Aggarwal, S., & Gour, A. (2020). Peeking inside the minds of tourists using a novel web analytics approach. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 580–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.10.009
  • Albu, O. B., & Etter, M. (2016). Hypertextuality and social media: A study of the constitutive and paradoxical implications of organizational Twitter use. Management Communication Quarterly, 30(1), 5–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318915601161
  • Aula, P., & Mantere, S. (2008). Strategic reputation management: Towards a company of good. Routledge.
  • Avery, E., & Kim, S. (2009). Anticipating or precipitating crisis? Health agencies may not be heeding best practice advice in avian flu press releases. Journal of Public Relations Research, 21(2), 187–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/10627260802557449
  • BBC. (2020). Coronavirus: Greatest test since World War two, says UN chief. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52114829
  • Benoit, W. L., & Dorries, B. (1996). Dateline NBC’s persuasive attack on Wal-Mart. Communication Quarterly, 44(4), 463–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463379609370032
  • Benoit, W. L. (1997). Image repair discourse and crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 23(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(97)90023-0
  • Breindl, Y., & Gustafsson, N. (2010). Leetocracy: Networked political activism or the continuation of elitism in competitive democracy. In D. Araya, Y. Breindl, & T. J. Houghton (Eds.), Nexus: New intersections in Internet research (pp. 193–213). Peter Lang.
  • Bruns, A., & Burgess, J. (2011). The use of Twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics. In Proceedings of the 6th European consortium for political research (ECPR) general conference 2011 (pp. 1–9). The European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR).
  • Burns, N. (2020). How covid-19 has changed public policy: International affairs a dangerous turn. Harvard Kennedy School. https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty-research/policy-topics/public-leadership-management/how-covid-19-has-changed-public-policy
  • Castells, M. (2015). Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the Internet age. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Conway, B. A., Kenski, K., & Wang, D. (2015). The rise of twitter in the political campaign: searching for intermedia agenda-setting effects in the presidential primary. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(4), 363–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12124
  • Coombs, T. & Holladay, S. J. (1996). Communication and attributions in a crisis: An experimental study in crisis communication. Journal of Public Relations Research, 8(4), 279–295.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2002). Assessing online issue threats: Issue contagions and their effect on issue prioritisation. Journal of Public Affairs, 2(4), 215–229.
  • Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2002). Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets: Initial tests of the situational crisis communication theory. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(2), 165–186.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 10(3), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550049
  • Coombs, W. T. (2014). The value of communication during a crisis: Insights from strategic communication research. Business Horizons, 58(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.10.003
  • Coombs, W. T. (2017). Revising situational crisis communication theory. Social media and crisis communication, 1, 21–37.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2021). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications.
  • D’heer, E., & Verdegem, P. (2015). What social media data mean for audience studies: A multidimensional investigation of Twitter use during a current affairs TV programme. Information, Communication & Society, 18(2), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.952318
  • D’Urso, S. C. (2018). Towards the final frontier: Using strategic communication activities to engage the latent public as a key stakeholder in a corporate mission. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(3), 288–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2018.1464008
  • Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/258887
  • Dorado, S. (2005). Institutional entrepreneurship, partaking, and convening. Organization Studies, 26(3), 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840605050873
  • Dozier, D. M. (1992). The organizational roles of communications and public relations practitioners. . In. E.James, Grunig (Eds.), Excellence in public relations and communication management, (pp. 327–355). Routledge.
  • Erikkson, M. (2018). Lessons for crisis communication on social media: A systematic review of what research tells the practice. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(5), 526–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2018.1510405
  • Eyun-Jung, K., & Brown, A. (2013). The effects of crisis response strategies on relationship quality outcomes. Journal of Business Communication, 50(4), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943613497056
  • Feezell, T. J. (2018). agenda setting through social media: The importance of incidental news exposure and social filtering in the digital era. Political Research Quarterly, 71(2), 482–494. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912917744895
  • Frandsen, F., & Johansen, W. (2013). Public relations and the new institutionalism: In search of a theoretical framework. Public Relations Inquiry, 2(2), 205–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X13485353
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press.
  • Guidry, J. P. D., Meganck, S. L., Lovari, A., Messner, M., Medina-Messner, V., Sherman, S., & Adams, J. (2020). Tweeting about diseases and publichealth: Communicating global health issues across nations. Health Communication, 35(9), 1137–1145. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1620089
  • Gunawong, P., Thongpapanl, N., & Ferreira, C. C. (2019). A comparative study of Twitter utilization in disaster management between public and private organizations. Journal of Public Affairs, 19(4), 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1932
  • Hallahan, K. (2000). Inactive publics: The forgotten publics in public relations. Public Relations Review, 26(4), 499–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(00)00061-8
  • Heath, R. L. (2002). Issues management: Its past, present and future. Journal of Public Affairs, 2(2), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.114
  • Hellsten, I., Jacobs, S., & Wonneberger. (2019). Active and passive stakeholders in issue arenas: A communication network approach to the bird flu debate on Twitter. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.12.009
  • Hellsten, I., & Leydesdorff, L. (2020). Automated analysis of actor–topic networks on twitter: New approaches to the analysis of socio‐semantic networks. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 71(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24207
  • Himelboim, I., Golan, G. J., Moon, B. B., & Suto, R. J. (2014). A social networks approach to public relations on twitter: Social mediators and mediated public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(4), 359–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2014.908724
  • Himelboim, I., Xiao, X., Lee, D. K. L., Wang, M. Y., & Borah, P. (2020). A social networks approach to understanding vaccine conversations on Twitter: Network clusters, sentiment, and certainty in HPV social networks. Health Communication, 35(5), 607–615.
  • Jones, B. L., & Chase, W. H. (1979). Managing public policy issues. Public Relations Review, 5(2), 3–23.
  • Kelleher, T. (2015). Everybody’s Job? Managing public relations in the age of social media. In E.-J. Ki, J.-N. Kim, & J. A. Ledingham (Eds.), Public relations as relationship management: A relational approach to the study and practice of public relations (pp. 281–305). Routledge.
  • Kwak, H., Lee, C., Park, H., & Moon, S. (2010). What is twitter, a social network or a news media? In Proceedings of the 19th international conference on world wide web. Raleigh, USA. (pp. 591–600). ACM.
  • Latour, B. (1996). On actor-network theory: A few clarifications. Soziale Welt, 47 (4), 369–381. Accessed from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40878163
  • Lovejoy, K., Waters, R. D., & Saxton, G. D. (2012). Engaging stakeholders through Twitter: How nonprofit organizations are getting more out of 140 characters or less. Public Relations Review, 38(2), 313–318.
  • Luoma-aho, V., & Vos, M. (2009). Monitoring the complexities: Nuclear power and public opinion. Public Relations Review, 35(2), 120–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2009.01.013
  • Luoma-aho, V., & Vos, M. (2010). Towards a more dynamic stakeholder model: Acknowledging multiple issue arenas. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 15(3), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1108/13563281011068159
  • Luoma-aho, V., Tirkkonen, P., & Vos, M. (2013). Monitoring the issue arenas of the swine-flu discussion. Journal of Communication Management, 17(3), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-11-2010-0069
  • Mariconda, S., & Lurati, F. (2015). Stakeholder cross-impact analysis: A segmentation method. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 20(3), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-07-2014-0041
  • McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176–187.
  • Miranda, S. M., & Saunders, C. S. (2003). The social construction of meaning: An alternative perspective on information sharing. Information Systems Research. 14(1), 87–106. http://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/isre.14.1.87.14765
  • Murthy, D. (2011). Twitter: Microphone for the masses? Media Culture and Society, 33(5), 779–789. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443711404744
  • O’Connor, A., & Shumate, M. (2018). A multidimensional network approach to strategic communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(4), 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2018.1452242
  • Olkkonen, L., & Luoma-aho, V. (2014). Public relations as expectation management? Journal of Communication Management, 18(3), 222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-02-2013-0012
  • Porta, M. (Ed.). (2014). A dictionary of epidemiology. Oxford University Press.
  • Proferes, N. (2016). Web 2.0 user knowledge and the limits of individual and collective power. First Monday, 21(6), 67–93. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v21i6.6793
  • RCT-BBC. (2020). Coronavirus: What are president trump’s charges against the Who? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52294623
  • Reynolds, B., & Seeger, M. (2005). Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model. Journal of Health Communication, 10(1), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730590904571
  • Roth, C. (2013). Socio-semantic frameworks. Advances in Complex Systems, 16(04n05), 1350013. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219525913500136
  • Saif, M. M., & Peter, D. T. (2013). Crowdsourcing a word–emotion association lexicon. Computational Intelligence, 29(3), 436–465 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00460.x
  • Saliou, P. (1994). Crisis communication in the event of a flu pandemic. European journal of epidemiology, 10(4), 515–517.
  • Sedereviciute, K., & Valentini, C. (2011). Towards a more holistic stakeholder analysis approach. Mapping known and undiscovered stakeholders from social media. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 5(4), 221–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2011.592170
  • Sheth, H. (2020). Covid-19 is the most challenging crisis after World War II: UN Chief. The Hindu Business Line. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/world/covid-19-is-the-most-challenging-crisis-after-world-war-ii-un-chief/article31224947.ece
  • Shi, D. (2020). How do businesses help during natural disasters? A content analysis of corporate disaster aid on twitter, International Journal of Strategic Communication, 14(5), 348–367 . https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2020.1835920
  • Stevenson, W. B., & Greenberg, D. (2000). Agency and social networks: Strategies of action in a social structure of position, opposition, and opportunity. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(4), 651–678. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667015
  • Takian, A., Raoofi, A., & Kazempour-Ardebili, S. (2020). COVID-19 battle during the toughest sanctions against Iran. Lancet (London, England), 395(10229), 1035.
  • Tankovska, H. (2021). Twitter: Number of Monthly Active Users 2010-2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/282087/number-of-monthly-active-twitter-users/
  • Tirkkonen, P., & Luoma-aho, V. (2011). Online authority communication during an epidemic: A Finnish example. Public Relations Review, 37(2), 172–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.01.004
  • Upadhyay, N. (2020). Demystifying blockchain: A critical analysis of challenges, applications and opportunities. International Journal of Information Management, 54, 102120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102120
  • Uscinski, J. E. (2009). When does the public's issue agenda affect the media's issue agenda (and vice‐versa)? Developing a framework for media‐public influence. Social Science Quarterly, 90(4), 796–815.
  • Valentini, C., Romenti, S., & Kruckeberg, D. (2016). Language and discourse in social media relational dynamics: A communicative constitution perspective. International Journal of Communication, 10, 4055–4073. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4576/1757
  • Van Ruler, B., & Verčič, D. (2005). Reflective communication management: Future ways for public relations research. Communication Yearbook, 29(1), 239–274. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15567419cy2901_8
  • Vos, M., Schoemaker, H., & Luoma-aho, V. (2014). Setting the agenda for research on issue arenas. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 19(2), 200–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-08-2012-0055
  • WHO. (2020). WHO Timeline-Covid-19. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline—covid-19
  • Zhang, B., & Vos, M. (2015). How and why some issues spread fast in social media. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 5(1), 371–383. https://doi.org/10.29333/ojcmt/2497
  • Zhang, B., Vos, M., Veijalainen, J., Wang, S., & Kotkov, D. (2016). The issue arena of a corporate social responsibility crisis–The Volkswagen case in Twitter. Studies in Media and Communication, 4(2), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v4i2.1746
  • Zhang, R., & Fu, J. S. (2021). Linking network characteristics of online social networks to individual health: A systematic review of literature. Health Communication, 36(12), 1549–1559. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1773703
  • Zhao, Y., Jiang, L., Jian, T., & Qinghua, Z. (2013). Conceptualizing perceived affordances in social media interaction design. Aslib Proceedings, 65(3), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/00012531311330656

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.