Psychological symptoms and body image in individuals with gender dysphoria: A comparison between Iranian and Dutch clinics

References

• Aghabikloo, A., Bahrami, M., Saberi, S. M., & Emamhadi, M. A. (2013). Gender identity disorders in Iran; request for sex reassignment surgery. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, 2, 128–134.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmadzad-Asl, M., Jalali, A. H., Alavi, K., Naserbakht, M., Taban, M., Mohseninia-Omrani, K., & Eftekhar, M. (2010). The epidemiology of transsexualism in Iran. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 15, 83–93.
   Google Scholar
• Alavi, K., Jalali, A. H., & Eftekhar, M. (2014). Sexual orientation in patients with Gender Identity Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 20, 43–49.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th .ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th .ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Anisi, J., Akbari, F., Madjian, M., Atashkar, M., & Ghorbani, Z. (2011). Standardization of mental disorders Symptoms Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R) in Army Staffs. Journal of Military Psychology, 2, 29–37.
   Google Scholar
• Arbatani, T. R., Aqili, S. V., Labafi, S., & Omidi, A. (2016). Social representations of Iranian transsexual people in the media: A thematic analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6, 273–284.
   Google Scholar
• Arrindell, W. A., & Akkerman, A. (2004). De Nederlandse Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R): Een multidimensionale psychopathologie-indicator voor gebruik bij somatische patiënten. Diagnostiek-wijzer, 3, 105–113.
   Google Scholar
• Asgri, M., Saberi, M., Rezayi, O., & Dolatshahi, B. (2007). The prevalence psychopathology in gender identity disorder. Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine, 13, 181–186.
   Google Scholar
• Bariola, E., Lyons, A., Leonard, W., Pitts, M., Badcock, P., & Couch, M. (2015). Demographic and psychosocial factors associated with psychological distress and resilience among transgender individuals. American Journal of Public Health, 105, 2108–2116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beek, T. F., Kreukels, B. P., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., & Steensma, T. D. (2015). Partial treatment requests and underlying motives of applicants for gender affirming interventions. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12, 2201–2215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bijl, R. V., Ravelli, A., & van Zessen, G. (1998). Prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the general population: Results of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, 587–595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford, J., Reisner, S. L., Honnold, J. A., & Xavier, J. (2013). Experiences of transgender-related discrimination and implications for health: Results from the Virginia Transgender Health Initiative Study. American Journal of Public Health, 103, 1820–1829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budge, S. L., Adelson, J. L., & Howard, K. A. (2013). Anxiety and depression in transgender individuals: The roles of transition status, loss, social support, and coping. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 545–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhejne, C., Van Vlerken, R., Heylens, G., & Arcelus, J. (2016). Mental health and gender dysphoria: A review of the literature. International Review of Psychiatry, 28, 44–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groth-Marnat, G. (2009). Handbook of Psychological Assessment. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Haraldsen, I. R., & Dahl, A. A. (2000). Symptom profiles of gender dysphoric patients of transsexual type compared to patients with personality disorders and healthy adults. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 276–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heylens, G., Elaut, E., Kreukels, B. P., Paap, M. C., Cerwenka, S., Richter-Appelt, H., & De Cuypere, G. (2014). Psychiatric characteristics in transsexual individuals: Multicenter study in four European countries. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 204, 151–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javaheri, F. (2010). A study of transsexuality in Iran. Iranian Studies, 43, 365–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javaheri, F., & Hosseinzadeh, M. (2011). “Social consequences of sexual identity disorder: A study on transsexuals' social capital and quality of life”. Journal of Iranian Social Studies, 5, 3–22.
   Google Scholar
• Javaheri, F., & Kochakian, Z. (2006). Gender identity disorders and its social aspects: The case study on transsexuality in Iran. Social Welfare, 5, 265–292.
   Google Scholar
• Kaldi, R. A., Tavassoli, A., & Hosseinian, M. (2009). Psycho-social factors on people's tendency to sexual change in the city of Tehran. Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 7, 33–38.
   Google Scholar
• Kariminia, M. M. (2000). Sex change in jurisprudence and law. Journal of Knowledge, 36, 76–82.
   Google Scholar
• Khoshdel, M., & Talebian, Z. (2015). A study on changes in life satisfaction among transsexuals in Rasht. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings, 4, 2261–2274.
   Google Scholar
• Khoshnood, K., Hashemian, F., Moshtagh, N., Eftekahri, M., & Setayesh, S. (2008). T03-O-08 Social stigma, homosexuality and transsexuality in Iran. Sexologies, 17, S69.
   Google Scholar
• Kidd, J. D., & Witten, T. M. (2007). Transgender and trans sexual identities: The next strange fruit-hate crimes, violence and genocide against the global trans-communities. Journal of Hate Studies, 6, 31–63.
   Google Scholar
• Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, A., & Golub, S. A. (2016). Family rejection as a predictor of suicide attempts and substance misuse among transgender and gender nonconforming adults. LGBT Health, 3, 193–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreukels, B. P. C., Haraldsen, I. R., De Cuypere, G., Richter-Appelt, H., Gijs, L., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2012). A European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence: The ENIGI initiative. European Psychiatry, 27, 445–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyper, L. (2012). Transgenders in Nederland: Prevalentie en attitudes. Tijdschrift Voor Seksuologie, 36, 129–135.
   Google Scholar
• Lindgren, T. W., & Pauly, I. B. (1975). A body image scale for evaluating transsexuals. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 4, 639–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazaheri Meybodi, A., Hajebi, A., & Ghanbari Jolfaei, A. (2014). Psychiatric axis I comorbidities among patients with gender dysphoria. Psychiatry Journal, ID: 971814.
   Google Scholar
• Millet, N., Longworth, J., & Arcelus, J. (2017). Prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders in the transgender population: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Transgenderism, 18(1), 27–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Movahed, M., & Hosseinzadeh Kasmani, M. (2011). The relationship between gender identity disorder and quality of life. Quarterly Journal of Social Welfare, 44, 111–142.
   Google Scholar
• Nieder, T. O., Herff, M., Cerwenka, S., Preuss, W. F., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., De Cuypere, G., … & Richter‐Appelt, H. (2011). Age of onset and sexual orientation in transsexual males and females. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8(3), 783–791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton, A. T., & Herek, G. M. (2012). Heterosexuals' attitudes toward transgender people: Findings from a national probability sample of US adults. Sex Roles, 68, 738–753.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen-Smith, A. A., Sineath, C., Sanchez, T., Dea, R., Giammattei, S., Gillespie, T., … & Goodman, M. (2016). Perception of community tolerance and prevalence of depression among transgender persons. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 21, 64–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paap, M. C., Meijer, R. R., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Richter-Appelt, H., de Cuypere, G., Kreukels, B. P., … & Haraldsen, I. R. (2012). Why the factorial structure of the SCL-90-R is unstable: Comparing patient groups with different levels of psychological distress using Mokken Scale Analysis. Psychiatry Research, 200, 819–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Amin-Esmaeili, M., Sharifi, V., Hajebi, A., Radgoodarzi, R., Hefazi, M., & Motevalian, A. (2014). Iranian mental health survey: Design and field proced. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 9(2), 96–109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reisner, S. L., White Hughto, J. M., Gamarel, K. E., Keuroghlian, A. S., Mizock, L., & Pachankis, J. E. (2016). Discriminatory experiences associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among transgender adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63, 509–519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeidzadeh, Z. (2015). The legality of sex change surgery and construction of transsexual identity in contemporary Iran (Master's Degree). Lund University, Sociology of Law, Lund, Sweden, (p 1–86).
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, C., Cerwenka, S., Nieder, T. O., Briken, P., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., De Cuypere, G., … & Richter-Appelt, H. (2016). Measuring gender dysphoria: A multicenter examination and comparison of the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale and the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(3), 551–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharifi, V., Amin-Esmaeili, M., Hajebi, A., Motevalian, A., Radgoodarzi, R., Hefazi, M., & Rahimi-Movaghar, A. (2015). Twelve-month prevalence and correlates of psychiatric disorders in Iran: The Iranian Mental Health Survey, 2011. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 18, 76–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirdel-Havar, E., Yasrebi, K., Hassanzadeh, R., Moshkani, M., & Kaboosi, A. (2015). Personality disorders and psychiatric comorbidity among persons with gender identity disorder. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 41, 141–147.
   Google Scholar
• Stotzer, R. L. (2009). Violence against transgender people: A review of United States data. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14, 170–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Grift, T. C., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Elaut, E., De Cuypere, G., Richter-Appelt, H., Haraldsen, I. R., & Kreukels, B. P. (2016). A network analysis of body satisfaction of people with gender dysphoria. Body Image, 17, 184–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, M. F., Manning, D., van den Berg, J. J., & Operario, D. (2015). Stigmatization and mental health in a diverse sample of transgender women. LGBT health, 2, 306–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousafzai, A. W., & Bhutto, N. (2007). Gender identity disorder. Is this a potentially fatal condition. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 19, 136–137.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zucker, K. J., Lawrence, A. A., & Kreukels, B. P. (2016). Gender dysphoria in adults. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 217–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar