Photooxidative Sunburn of Apples: Characterization of a Third Type of Apple Sunburn

LITERATURE CITED

• Barber , N.H. and Sharpe , P.J.H. 1971 . Genetics and physiology of sunscald of fruits . Agr. Meteorol. , 8 : 175 – 191 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , G. and Norman , J. 1998 . An introduction to environmental biophysics , 2nd , New York, N.Y : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Cook , M.T. 1921 . Sunburn and tomato fruit rots . Phytopathology , 11 : 379 – 380 .
   Google Scholar
• Felicetti , D.A. and Schrader , L.E. 2008 . Changes in pigment concentrations associated with the degree of sunburn browning of “Fuji” apple . J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 133 : 27 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey , R.B. 1924 . Sunscald of tomatoes . Minn. Studies Plant Sci. , 4 : 229 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Macmillan , H.G. 1918 . Sunscald of beans . J. Agr. Res. , 13 : 647 – 650 .
   Google Scholar
• MacMillan , H.G. 1923 . Causes of sunscald of beans . Phytopathology , 13 : 376 – 380 .
   Google Scholar
• Niyogi , K.K. 1999 . Photoprotection revisited: Genetic and molecular approaches . Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. , 50 : 333 – 359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osmond , C.B. 1994 . “ What is photoinhibition? Some insights from comparisons of shade and sun plants ” . In Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis , Edited by: Baker , N.R. and Bowyer , J.R. 255 – 271 . Oxford : BIOS Scientific .
   Google Scholar
• Rabinowitch , H.D. , Ben-David , B. and Friedmann , M. 1986 . Light is essential for sunscald induction in cucumber and pepper fruits, whereas heat conditioning provides protection . Scientia Hort. , 29 : 21 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinowitch , H.D. , Kedar , N. and Budowski , P. 1974 . Induction of sunscald damage in tomatoes under natural and controlled conditions . Scientia Hort. , 2 : 265 – 272 .
   Google Scholar
• Rabinowitch , H.D. and Sklan , D. 1981 . Superoxide dismutase activity in ripening cucumber Cucumis sativus and pepper fruit Capsicum annuum . Physiol. Plant , 52 : 380 – 384 .
   Google Scholar
• Ramsey , R.B. and Link , G.K.K. 1932 . Market diseases of fruit and vegetables: Tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants , Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept of Agr .
   Google Scholar
• Retig , N. and Kedar , N. 1967 . The effect of stage of maturity on heat absorption and sunscald of detached tomato fruits . Israel J. Agri. Res. , 17 : 77 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Schrader , L. , Sun , J. , Zhang , J. , Felicetti , D. and Tian , J. 2008 . Heat and light-induced apple skin disorders: Causes and prevention . Acta Hort. , 772 : 51 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Schrader , L. , Zhang , J. and Sun , J. 2003 . Environmental stresses that cause sunburn of apple . Acta Hort. , 618 : 497 – 503 .
   Google Scholar
• Schrader, L.E., J. Zhang, and W.K. Duplaga. 2001. Two types of sunburn in apple caused by high fruit surface (peel) temperature. Plant Health Prog http://hort.tfrec.wsu.edu/les/Temperature.pdf
   Google Scholar