Categories of Carob Tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Morocco

Literature cited

• Barracosa, P., J. Osório, and A. Cravador. 2007. Evaluation of fruit and seed diversity and characterization of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) cultivars in Algarve region. Sci. Hort. 114:250–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barracosa, P., M.B. Lima, and A. Cravador. 2008. Analysis of genetic diversity in Portuguese Ceratonia siliqua L. cultivars using RAPD and AFLP markers. Sci. Hort. 118:189–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batlle, I., and J. Tous. 1997. Carob tree. Ceratonia siliqua L. promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Ressources Institute, Rome, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Belaizi, M., M.R. Bolen, and P. Boxus. 1994. Régénération in vitro et acclimatation du caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.), p. 227–232. In: AUPELF-UREF (ed.). Quel avenir pour l’amélioration des plantes? John Libbey Eurotext, Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Bellakhdar, J. 1997. La pharmacopée marocaine traditionnelle. Médecine arabe ancienne et savoirs populaires. IBIS Press, Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Biner, B., H. Gubbuk, M. Karhan, M. Aksu, and M. Pekmezci. 2007. Sugar profiles of the pods of cultivated and wild types of carob bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in Turkey. Food Chem. 100:1453–1455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brugaletta, M., S. La Malfa, A. Gentile, R. Almeida, and A. Romano. 2009. In vitro culture establishment of Ceratonia siliqua (L.) mature trees from cultivars of different Mediterranean countries. Acta Hort. 812:113–120.
   Google Scholar
• Cairati, E. 2013. Historia cultural del algarrobo, desde la cuenca del Mediterráneo hasta la Costa Norte de Perú. Other Modernities. 10:186–204.
   Google Scholar
• Coit, J.E. 1949. Carob culture in the semi-arid southwest. Walter Rittenhouse, San Diego, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Correia, P.J., and M.A. Martins-Loução. 2005. The use of macronutrients and water in marginal Mediterranean areas: The case of carob-tree. Field Crops Res. 91:1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Hajaji, H., A. Farah, A. Ennabili, D. Bousta, H. Greche, B. El Bali, and M. Lachkar. 2013. Etude comparative de la composition minérale des constituants de trois catégories de Ceratonia siliqua L. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 4(2):165–170.
   Google Scholar
• El Hajaji, H., N. Lachkar, K. Alaoui, Y. Cherrah, A. Farah, A. Ennabili, B. El Bali, and M. Lachkar. 2010. Antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of three varieties of carob tree leaves from Morocco. Rec. Nat. Prod. 4(4):193–204.
   Google Scholar
• El Hajaji, H., N. Lachkar, K. Alaoui, Y. Cherrah, A. Farah, A. Ennabili, B. El Bali, and M. Lachkar. 2011. Antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening and total phenolic content of extracts from three genders of carob tree barks growing in Morocco. Arab. J. Chem. 4:321–324.
   Google Scholar
• El Khattabi, M.A. 1990. Umdat Attabib fi maârifat annabat d’Abi AL Khaïr Al Ichbili [Doctor’s support for plants recognition]. Series “Attourat,” Academy Editions of the Kingdom of Morocco.
   Google Scholar
• Fennane, M., M. Ibn Tattou, A. Ouyahya, and J. El Oualidi. 2007. Flore pratique du Maroc. Vol. 2. Série Botanique 38, Travaux de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Morocco.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N. 1997. Le caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.), Essais de propagation in vitro et intérêt socio-économique au cercle de Mokrisset (NW Maroc). Mémoire D.E.S.A., no. 576.5 GHA. Faculté des Sciences, Tétouan, Morocco.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N. 2003. Caractérisation du caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.) originaire de la Province de Chefchaouen (Nord-ouest du Maroc). Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Tanger, Morocco, Thèse de Doctorat.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N. and A. Ennabili. 2009. Essais préliminaires de culture in vitro du caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.) originaire du Nord ouest du Maroc. Biomatec Echo 3(6):18–25.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N., N. El Mtili, A. Ennabili, and F. Sayah. 2004. Floral characterization of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from the Province of Chefchaouen (NW of Morocco). Moroccan J. Biol. 1:41–51.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N., N. El Mtili, A. Ennabili, and F. Sayah. 2005. Caractérisation foliaire du caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.) originaire de la province de Chefchaouen (Nord-ouest du Maroc). J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France, 31:75–84.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N., N. El Mtili, A. Ennabili, and F. Sayah. 2006a. Importance socio-économique du caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.) dans la Province de Chefchaouen (Nord-ouest du Maroc). J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 33:43–48.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N., N. El Mtili, A. Ennabili, and F. Sayah. 2006b. Pomological characterization of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from the Province of Chefchaouen (NW of Morocco). Moroccan J. Biol. 2–3:1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N., N. El Mtili, A. Ennabili, and F. Sayah. 2008. Essais de culture in vivo du caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.) originaire du Nord-ouest du Maroc. Rev. AFN Maroc. 2–3:107–115.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N., N. El Mtili, A. Ennabili, and F. Sayah. 2010. Aspects de la phénologie fructifère du caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.) originaire de la Province de Chefchaouen (nord-ouest du Maroc). J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 49:9–12.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N., N. El Mtili, A. Toubi Ennabili, and A. Ennabili. 2001. Social characterisation and exploitation of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Mokrisset and Bab Taza (NW of Morocco). Sci. Lett. 3(2):1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Gharnit, N., N. El Mtili, A. Toubi Ennabili, and A. Ennabili. 2003. Exploitation du caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.) dans la Commune d’Aïn Beïda, Province de Chefchaouen, p. 93–100. In: A. Boukroute (ed.). Arbres et espaces verts urbains: Du chercheur au gestionnaire. Actes Editions, Rabat, Morocco.
   Google Scholar
• Hsina, T., and N. El Mtili. 2009. In vitro micrografting of mature carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.). Open Hort. J. 2:44–48.
   Google Scholar
• INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique). 1965. Les cultures fourragères irriguées au Maroc. Collection Technique et Productions Agricoles, Rabat, Morocco.
   Google Scholar
• Canhoto, J.M., S.C. Rama, and G.S. Cruz. 2006. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.). In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.—Plant 42:514–519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konaté, I., A. Filali-Maltouf, and E. Berraho. 2007. Diversity analysis of Moroccan carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) accessions using phenotypic traits and RAPD markers. Acta Bot. Malac. 32:79–90.
   Google Scholar
• La Malfa, S., S. Currò, A.B. Douglas, M. Brugaletta, M. Caruso, and A. Gentile. 2014. Genetic diversity revealed by EST-SSR markers in carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.). Biochem. Sys. Ecol. 55:205–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud Sidina, M., M. El Hansali, N. Wahid, A. Ouatmane, A. Boulli, and A. Haddioui. 2009. Fruit and seed diversity of domesticated carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in Morocco. Sci. Hort. 123:110–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthaus, B., and M.M. Ozcan. 2011. Lipid evaluation of cultivated and wild carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seed oil growing in Turkey. Sci. Hort. 130:181–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naghmouchi, S., M.L. Khouja, A. Romero, J. Tous, and M. Boussaid. 2009. Tunisian carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) populations: Morphological variability of pods and kernel. Sci. Hort. 121:125–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oziycia, H.R., N. Tetika, I. Turhana, E. Yatmaza, K. Ucgunb, H. Akgulb, H. Gubbukc, and M. Karhana. 2014. Mineral composition of pods and seeds of wild and grafted carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) fruits. Sci. Hort. 167:149–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rejeb, M.N., D. Laffray, and P. Louguet. 1991. Physiologie du caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua L.) en Tunisie, p. 417–426. In: Physiologie des arbres et arbustes en zones arides et semi-arides. Groupe d’Etude de l’Arbre, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Saidi, R., A. Lamarti, and A. Badoc. 2007. Micropropagation du caroubier (Ceratonia siliqua) par culture de bourgeons axillaires issus de jeunes plantules. Bull. Soc. Pharm. Bordeaux 146:113–129.
   Google Scholar
• Talhouk, S.N., P. Van Breugel, R. Zurayk, A. Al-Khatib, J. Estephan, A. Ghalayini, N. Debian, and D. Lychaa. 2005. Status and prospects for the conservation of remnant semi-natural carob Ceratonia siliqua L. populations in Lebanon. For. Ecol. Mgt. 206:49–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tetik, N., I. Turhan, H.R. Oziyci, H. Gubbuk, M. Karhan, and S. Ercisli. 2011. Physical and chemical characterization of Ceratonia siliqua L. germplasm in Turkey. Sci. Hort. 129:583–589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, S.C. 1992. The role of floral development in studies of legume evolution. Can. J. Bot. 70:692–700.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vekiari, A.S., G. Ouzounidou, G. Gork, M. Ozturk, and M. Asfi. 2012. Compositional changes of major chemical compounds in Greek carob pods during development. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 26(3):343–351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vekiari, S.A., G. Ouzounidou, M. Ozturk, and G. Görk. 2011. Variation of quality characteristics in Greek and Turkish carob pods during fruit development. Proc. Soc. Behav. Sci. 19:750–755.
   Google Scholar