Stereotypes in Four Current AOUM Sexuality Education Curricula: Good Girls, Good Boys, and the New Gender Equality

REFERENCES

• Airton , L. 2009 . From sexuality (gender) to gender (sexuality): The aims of anti-homophobia education . Sex Education , 9 : 129 – 139 . doi: 10.1080/ 14681810902829505
   Google Scholar
• Allen , L. 2004 . Beyond the birds and the bees: Constituting a discourse of erotics in sexuality education . Gender and Education , 16 : 151 – 167 . doi: 10.1080/ 09540250310001690555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , L. 2003 . Girls want sex, boys want love: resisting dominant discourses of (hetero)sexuality . Sexualities , 6 : 215 – 236 . doi: 10.1177/1363460703006002004
   Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls . 2007 . Report of the APA task force on the sexualization of girls , Washington , DC : American Psychological Association . Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Bartky , S. L. 1990 . Femininity and domination: Studies in the phenomenology of oppression , New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bay-Cheng , L. 2003 . The trouble of teen sex: The construction of adolescent sexuality through school-based sexuality education . Sex Education , 3 : 61 – 74 . doi: 10.1080/1468181032000052162
   Google Scholar
• Bennett de Marrais , K. and LeCompte , M. D. 1995 . The way schools work: A sociological analysis of education , London , , England : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Blum , L. in press . “ False racial symmetries in ‘Far from Heaven’ and elsewhere ” . In Philosophy, film, fiction and love , Edited by: Wolf , S. and Grau , C. Durham , NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Braun , V. and Clarke , V. 2006 . Using thematic analysis in psychology . Qualitative Research in Psychology , 3 : 77 – 101 . doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Brown , L. , Lamb , S. and Tappan , M. 2009 . Packaging boyhood: Saving our sons from superheros, slackers, and other media stereotypes , New York , NY : St. Martin's Press .
   Google Scholar
• Buston , K. and Hart , G. 2001 . Heterosexism and homophobia in Scottish school sex education: Exploring the nature of the problem . Journal of Adolescence , 24 : 95 – 109 . doi: 10.1006/jado.2000.0366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassell , C. 1989 . Swept away: Why women confuse love and sex , New York , NY : Fireside .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , P. H. 2000 . Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment , 2nd ed. , New York , NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Cook , B. 2006 . Choosing the best journey , Atlanta , GA : Choosing the Best Publishing, LLC .
   Google Scholar
• Dailard , C. 2001, February . Sex education: Politicians, parents, teachers and teens . The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy , : 9 – 12 . Retrieved from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/04/1/gr040109.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dailard , C. 2005 . Administration tightens rules for abstinence education grants . The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy , : 8 Retrieved from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/08/4/gr080413.html
   Google Scholar
• de Boer , C . 1978 . The polls: Attitudes toward homosexuality . Public Opinion Quarterly , 42 : 265 – 276 . doi: 10.1086/268448
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elia , J. P. 2000 . Democratic sexuality education: A departure from sexual ideologies and traditional schooling . Journal of Sex Education and Therapy , 25 : 122 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Fields , J. 2005 . “Children having children”: Race, innocence, and sexuality education . Social Problems , 52 : 549 – 571 . doi: 10.1525/sp.2005.52.4.549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields , J. 2008 . Risky lessons: Sex education and social inequality , Piscataway , NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fine , M. 1988 . Sexuality, schooling, and adolescent females: The missing discourse of desire . Harvard Educational Review , 58 : 29 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine , M. and McClelland , S. 2006 . Sexuality education and desire: Still missing after all these years . Harvard Educational Review , 76 : 297 – 338 .
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson , B. L. and Roberts , T. A. 1997 . Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 21 ( 2 ) : 173 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froyum , C. M. 2009 . Making ‘good girls’: sexual agency in the sexuality education of low income black girls . Culture, Health & Sexuality , 12 : 59 – 82 . doi: 10.1080/13691050903272583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gause , C. P. 2008 . Integration matters: Navigating identity, culture, and resistance , New York , NY : Peter Lang .
   Google Scholar
• Glick , P. and Fiske , S. T. 1996 . The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 70 : 491 – 512 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick , P. , Diebold , J. , Bailey-Werner , B. and Lin , Z. 1997 . The two faces of Adam: Ambivalent sexism and polarized attitudes toward women . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 23 : 1323 – 1334 . doi: 10.1177/01461672972312009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick , P. , Lameiras , M. , Fiske , S. T. , Eckes , T. , Masser , B. , Volpato , C. and …Wells , R. 2004 . Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 86 : 713 – 728 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , A. C. 2007 . Game Plan Abstinence Program , Golf , IL : Project Reality .
   Google Scholar
• Guttmacher Institute . 2009 . The Obama administration's first budget proposal prioritizes sex education and family planning but not abortion access . Guttmacher Policy Review , 12 ( 2 ) Retrieved from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/12/2/gpr120223.html
   Google Scholar
• Holland , J. , Ramazanoglu , C. , Sharpe , S. and Thomson , R. 1998 . The male in the head: Young people, heterosexuality, and power , London , , England : Tufnell Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , S. and Weatherall , A. 2010 . The (im)possibilities of feminist school based sexuality education . Feminism & Psychology , 20 : 166 – 185 . doi: 10.1177/0959353509349603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jost , J. T. and Kay , A. C. 2005 . Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 88 : 498 – 509 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall , N. 2008 . Sexuality education in an abstinence-only era: A comparative case study of two U.S. states . Sexuality Research & Social Policy , 5 : 23 – 44 . doi: 10.1525/srsp.2008.5.2.23
   Google Scholar
• Kiely , E. 2005 . Where is the discourse of desire? Deconstructing the Irish Relationships and Sexuality Education (RSE) resource materials . Irish Educational Studies , 24 : 253 – 266 . doi: 10.1080/03323310500435554
   Google Scholar
• Kimmel , M. 2008 . Guyland: The perilous world where boys become men , New York , NY : Harper Collins Books .
   Google Scholar
• Krauth , J. 2003 . WAIT Training , Greenwood Village , CO : Abstinence and Relationship Training Center .
   Google Scholar
• Lamb , S. 1997 . Sex education as moral education: Teaching for pleasure, about fantasy, and against abuse . Journal of Moral Education , 26 ( 3 ) : 301 – 306 . doi: 10.1080/0305724970260305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landry , D. , Kaeser , L. and Richards , C. 1999 . Abstinence promotion and the provision of information about contraception in public school sexuality education policies . Family Planning Perspectives , 31 : 280 – 286 . doi: 10.2307/2991538
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lensky , H. 1990 . Beyond plumbing and prevention: Feminist approaches to sex education . Gender and Education , 2 ( 2 ) : 217 – 230 . doi: 10.1080/0954025900020206
   Google Scholar
• Phelps , S. 2006 . Aspire: Live your life. Be free , Arlington Heights , IL : A & M Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Rasmussen , M. 2004 . Wounded identities, sex and pleasure: ‘doing it’ at school. NOT! . Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education , 25 ( 4 ) : 445 – 458 . doi: 10.1080/0159630042000290946
   Google Scholar
• Redman , P. 1994 . “ Shifting ground: Rethinking sexuality education ” . In Challenging lesbian and gay inequalities in education , Edited by: Epstein , D. 98 – 117 . Buckingham , , England : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , S. 2005 . Going too far? Sex, sin and social polity . Social Forces , 84 : 1207 – 1232 . doi: 10.1353/sof.2006.0032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santelli , J. , Ott , M. , Lyon , M. , Rogers , J. , Summers , D. and Schleifer , R. 2006 . Abstinence and abstinence-only education: A review of U.S. policies and programs . Journal of Adolescent Health , 37 : 72 – 81 . doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satcher , D. 2001 . The surgeon general's call to action to promote sexual health and responsible sexual behavior Retrieved from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/sexualhealth/call.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz , A. 2005 . Under the covers: The complexities of sex role stereotyping in classroom practices of three Ontario sexuality education teachers Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. (AAT MR11404)
   Google Scholar
• Sibley , C. G. and Wilson , M. S. 2004 . Men's sexual self-schema and the differentiation of hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes towards positive and negative sexual female subtypes . Sex Roles , 51 : 687 – 696 . doi: 10.1007/s11199-004-0718-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suarez , E. and Gadalla , T. M. 2010 . Stop blaming the victim: A meta-analysis on rape myths . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 25 ( 11 ) : 2010 – 2035 . doi: 10.1177/0886260509354503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tannenbaum , L. 2000 . Slut!: Growing up female with a bad reputation , New York , NY : Harper Collins Books .
   Google Scholar
• Tolman , D. L. 2000 . Object lessons: Romance, violence and female adolescent sexual desire . Journal of Sex Education and Therapy , 25 : 70 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Tolman , D. L. 2002 . Dilemmas of desire: Teenage girls talk about sexuality , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tolman , D. and Higgins , T. 1996 . “ How being a good girl can be bad for girls ” . In Good girls/bad girls: Women, sex, violence and power in the 1990s , Edited by: Maglin , N. B. and Perry , D. 205 – 225 . New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Travaglia , L. K. , Overall , N. C. and Sibley , C. G. 2009 . Benevolent and hostile sexism and preferences for romantic partners . Personality and Individual Differences , 47 : 599 – 604 . doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudell , B. 1992 . “ Inside a ninth-grade sexuality classroom: The process of knowledge construction ” . In Sexuality and the curriculum: The politics and practices of sexuality education , Edited by: Sears , J. 203 – 225 . New York , NY : Teachers College .
   Google Scholar
• West , C. and Zimmerman , D. H. 1987 . Doing gender . Gender & Society , 1 : 125 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whatley , M. H. 1986 . Integrating sexuality issues into the nursing curriculum . Journal of Sex Education and Therapy , 12 ( 2 ) : 23 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Whatley , M. H. 1987 . Biological determinism and gender issues in sexuality education . Journal of Sex Education and Therapy , 13 ( 2 ) : 26 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Whatley , M. H. 1988 . Goals for sex equitable sexuality education . Peabody Journal of Education , 64 ( 4 ) : 59 – 70 . doi: 10.1080/01619568709538570
   Google Scholar
• Whatley , M. H. 1989 . Raging hormones and powerful cars: The construction of men's sexuality in school sex education and popular adolescent films . Journal of Education , 170 ( 3 ) : 100 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Whatley , M. H. 1999 . “ The ‘homosexual agenda’ goes to school ” . In Dangerous knowings: Sexual pedagogies and the master narrative , Edited by: Epstein , D. and Sears , J. 229 – 241 . New York , NY : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , K. L. , Goodson , P. , Pruitt , B. E. , Buhi , E. and Davis-Gunnels , E. 2005 . A review of 21 abstinence-only-until-marriage programs . Journal of School Health , 75 ( 3 ) : 90 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wink , J. 1997 . Critical pedagogy , New York , NY : Longman .
   Google Scholar