Defective autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells enhances cell death and atherosclerosis

References

• Klionsky DJ. Autophagy: from phenomenology to molecular understanding in less than a decade. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Nov;8(11):931–937. PubMed PMID: 17712358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komatsu M, Waguri S, Chiba T, et al. Loss of autophagy in the central nervous system causes neurodegeneration in mice. Nature. 2006 Jun 15;441(7095):880–884. PubMed PMID: 16625205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin L, Baehrecke EH. Autophagy, cell death, and cancer. Mol Cell Oncol. 2015 Jul-Sep;2(3):e985913. PubMed PMID: 27308466; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4905302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakai A, Yamaguchi O, Takeda T, et al. The role of autophagy in cardiomyocytes in the basal state and in response to hemodynamic stress. Nat Med. 2007 May;13(5):619–624. PubMed PMID: 17450150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebato C, Uchida T, Arakawa M, et al. Autophagy is important in islet homeostasis and compensatory increase of beta cell mass in response to high-fat diet. Cell Metab. 2008 Oct;8(4):325–332. PubMed PMID: 18840363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones SA, Mills KH, Harris J. Autophagy and inflammatory diseases. Immunol Cell Biol. 2013 Mar;91(3):250–258. PubMed PMID: 23318657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross R. Atherosclerosis–an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 14;340(2):115–126. PubMed PMID: 9887164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutgens E, de Muinck ED, Kitslaar PJ, et al. Biphasic pattern of cell turnover characterizes the progression from fatty streaks to ruptured human atherosclerotic plaques. Cardiovasc Res. 1999 Feb;41(2):473–479. PubMed PMID: 10341847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke MC, Figg N, Maguire JJ, et al. Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells induces features of plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2006 Sep;12(9):1075–1080. PubMed PMID: 16892061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke MC, Littlewood TD, Figg N, et al. Chronic apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes calcification and medial degeneration. Circ Res. 2008 Jun 20;102(12):1529–1538. PubMed PMID: 18497329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson EL, Geng YJ, Sukhova GK, et al. Death of smooth muscle cells and expression of mediators of apoptosis by T lymphocytes in human abdominal aortic aneurysms. Circulation. 1999 Jan 5- 12;99(1):96–104. PubMed PMID: 9884385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salabei JK, Hill BG. Implications of autophagy for vascular smooth muscle cell function and plasticity. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013 Dec;65:693–703. PubMed PMID: 23938401; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3859773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinet W, De Meyer GR. Autophagy in atherosclerosis: a cell survival and death phenomenon with therapeutic potential. Circ Res. 2009 Feb 13;104(3):304–317. PubMed PMID: 19213965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill BG, Haberzettl P, Ahmed Y, et al. Unsaturated lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes activate autophagy in vascular smooth-muscle cells. Biochem J. 2008 Mar 15;410(3):525–534. PubMed PMID: 18052926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YC, Bui AV, Diesch J, et al. A novel mouse model of atherosclerotic plaque instability for drug testing and mechanistic/therapeutic discoveries using gene and microRNA expression profiling. Circ Res. 2013 Jul 19;113(3):252–265. PubMed PMID: 23748430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu K, Yang Y, Yan M, et al. Autophagy plays a protective role in free cholesterol overload-induced death of smooth muscle cells. J Lipid Res. 2010 Sep;51(9):2581–2590. PubMed PMID: 20484746; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2918441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michiels CF, Fransen P, De Munck DG, et al. Defective autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells alters contractility and Ca2+ homeostasis in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015 Mar 15;308(6):H557–67. PubMed PMID: 25576626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grootaert MO, da Costa Martins PA, Bitsch N, et al. Defective autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates senescence and promotes neointima formation and atherogenesis. Autophagy. 2015 Nov 02;11(11):2014–2032. PubMed PMID: 26391655; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4824610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtwick R, Gotthardt M, Skryabin B, et al. Smooth muscle-selective deletion of guanylyl cyclase-A prevents the acute but not chronic effects of ANP on blood pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002 May 14;99(10):7142–7147. PubMed PMID: 11997476; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC124542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Levine B. Methods in mammalian autophagy research. Cell. 2010 Feb 5;140(3):313–326. PubMed PMID: 20144757; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2852113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madamanchi NR, Vendrov A, Runge MS. Oxidative stress and vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Jan;25(1):29–38. PubMed PMID: 15539615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuivaniemi H, Ryer EJ, Elmore JR, et al. Update on abdominal aortic aneurysm research: from clinical to genetic studies. Scientifica. 2014;2014:564734. PubMed PMID: 24834361; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4009235.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandberg EM, Sayeski PP. Jak2 tyrosine kinase mediates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 13;279(33):34547–34552. PubMed PMID: 15159394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clowes AW, Clowes MM, Reidy MA. Kinetics of cellular proliferation after arterial injury. III. Endothelial and smooth muscle growth in chronically denuded vessels. Lab Invest. 1986 Mar;54(3):295–303. PubMed PMID: 3512908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saraff K, Babamusta F, Cassis LA, et al. Aortic dissection precedes formation of aneurysms and atherosclerosis in angiotensin II-infused, apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Sep 1;23(9):1621–1626. PubMed PMID: 12855482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn AV, Nakano M, Narula J, et al. Concept of vulnerable/unstable plaque. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Jul;30(7):1282–1292. PubMed PMID: 20554950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett MR, Sinha S, Owens GK. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 2016 Feb 19;118(4):692–702. PubMed PMID: 26892967; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4762053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razani B, Feng C, Coleman T, et al. Autophagy links inflammasomes to atherosclerotic progression. Cell Metab. 2012 Apr 04;15(4):534–544. PubMed PMID: 22440612; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3322320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward MR, Pasterkamp G, Yeung AC, et al. Arterial remodeling - Mechanisms and clinical implications. Circulation. 2000 Sep 5;102(10):1186–1191. PubMed PMID: WOS:000089157400020; English.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamanouchi D, Morgan S, Kato K, et al. Effects of caspase inhibitor on angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Apr;30(4):702–707. PubMed PMID: 20075419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakalihasan N, Limet R, Defawe OD. Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Lancet. 2005 Apr 30;365(9470):1577–1589. PubMed PMID: WOS:000228754800030; English.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu H, Aikawa M. Many faces of matrix metalloproteinases in aortic aneurysms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015 Apr;35(4):752–754. PubMed PMID: 25810296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howatt DA, Dajee M, Xie X, et al. Relaxin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Angiotensin II-Induced abdominal aortic aneurysms. Circ J. 2017 May 25;81(6):888–890. PubMed PMID: 28420827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salio M, Puleston DJ, Mathan TS, et al. Essential role for autophagy during invariant NKT cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014 Dec 30;111(52):E5678–87. PubMed PMID: 25512546; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4284579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaub FJ, Han DK, Liles WC, et al. Fas/FADD-mediated activation of a specific program of inflammatory gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Nat Med. 2000 Jul;6(7):790–796. PubMed PMID: 10888928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu H, Howatt DA, Balakrishnan A, et al. Subcutaneous angiotensin II Infusion using osmotic pumps induces aortic aneurysms in mice. JoVE. 2015 Sep;28(103). PubMed PMID: 26436287; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4692630. DOI:10.3791/53191
   Google Scholar
• Komatsu M, Waguri S, Ueno T, et al. Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice. J Cell Biol. 2005 May 9;169(3):425–434. PubMed PMID: 15866887; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2171928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian V, Golledge J, Ijaz T, et al. Pioglitazone-induced reductions in atherosclerosis occur via smooth muscle cell-specific interaction with PPAR{gamma}. Circ Res. 2010 Oct 15;107(8):953–958. PubMed PMID: 20798360; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2963621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomiyama T, Nakamachi T, Gizard F, et al. The NR4A orphan nuclear receptor NOR1 is induced by platelet-derived growth factor and mediates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. J Biol Chem. 2006 Nov 3;281(44):33467–33476. PubMed PMID: 16945922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arakawa M, Mita T, Azuma K, et al. Inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and attenuation of atherosclerotic lesion by a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4. Diabetes. 2010 Apr;59(4):1030–1037. JST.JSTAGE/endocrj/52.683 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 16410659; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mita T, Otsuka A, Azuma K, et al. Swings in blood glucose levels accelerate atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Jul 6;358(3):679–685. PubMed PMID: 17506980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mita T, Goto H, Azuma K, et al. Impact of insulin resistance on enhanced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and atherosclerogenesis independent of LDL cholesterol level. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 May 14;395(4):477–483. S0006-291X(07)00820-0[pii]10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.118. PubMed PMID: 17506980; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanida I, Mizushima N, Kiyooka M, et al. Apg7p/Cvt2p: A novel protein-activating enzyme essential for autophagy. Mol Biol Cell. 1999 May;10(5):1367–1379. PubMed PMID: 10233150; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC25280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar