Expanding the Scope of Dual Diagnosis and Co-Addictions: Behavioral Addictions

REFERENCES

• Aboujaoude , E. , Koran , L. M. , Gamel , N. , Large , M. D. and Serpe , R. T. 2006 . Potential markers for problematic Internet use: A telephone survey of 2,513 adults . CNS Spectrum , 11 : 750 – 755 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrogne , J. A. 2007 . Managing depressive symptoms in the context of abstinence: Findings from a qualitative study of women . Perspective in Psychiatric Care , 43 : 84 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th , Washington , DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. E. 2001 . Progress in eating disorders research . American Journal of Psychiatry , 158 : 515 – 518 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony , D. T. and Hollander , E. 1993 . “ Sexual Compulsions ” . In Obsessive compulsive related disorders , Edited by: Hollander , E. 139 – 178 . Washington , DC : American Psychiatric Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bamber , D. , Cockerill , I. M. , Rodgers , S. and Carroll , D. 2000 . “It's exercise or nothing”: A qualitative analysis of exercise dependence . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 34 : 423 – 430 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black , D. W. 2007 . Compulsive buying disorder: A review of the evidence . CNS Spectrum , 12 : 124 – 132 . Retrieved February 18, 2008, from http://www.cnsspectrums.com/aspx/articledetail.aspx?articleid=977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black , D. W. , Kehrberg , L. , Flumerfelt , D. L. and Schlosser , S. S. 1997 . Characteristics of 36 subjects reporting compulsive sexual behavior . American Journal of Psychiatry , 15 : 243 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Blanco , C. , Hasin , D. S. , Petry , N. M. , Stinson , F. S. and Grant , B. F. 2006 . Sex differences in subclinical and DSM-IV pathological gambling: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions . Psychological Medicine , 36 : 943 – 953 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , R. J. 2007 . Research companion to work time and work addiction , Northampton , MA : New Horizons in Management .
   Google Scholar
• Cao , F. , Su , L. , Liu , T. and Gao , X. 2007 . The relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction in a sample of Chinese adolescents . European Psychiatry , 22 : 466 – 471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnes , P. 1991 . Don't call it love: Recovery from sexual addiction , New York : Bantam Books .
   Google Scholar
• Carnes , P. 2001 . Out of the shadows: Understanding sexual addiction , 2nd , Center City , MN : Hazelden .
   Google Scholar
• Carnes , P. J. , Murray , R. E. and Charpentier , L. 2008 . Bargains with chaos: Sex addicts and addiction interaction disorder . Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity , 12 : 79 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Carnes , P. J. and Wilson , M. 2002 . “ The sexual addiction assessment process ” . In Clinical management of sexual addiction , Edited by: Carnes , P. J. and Adams , K. M. 115 – 124 . New York : Brunner-Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Cepik , A. , Arikan , Z. , Boratav , C. and Isjik , E. 1995 . Bulimia in a male alcoholic: A symptom substitution in alcoholism . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 17 : 201 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chak , K. and Leung , L. 2004 . Shyness and locus of control as predictors of Internet addiction and Internet use . Cyberpsychology & Behavior , 7 : 559 – 570 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christenson , G. A. , Faber , R. J. , de Zwaan , M. , Raymond , N. C. , Specker , S. M. and Ekern , M. D. 1994 . Compulsive buying: Descriptive characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 55 : 5 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christo , G. , Jones , S. L. , Haylett , S. , Stephenson , G. M. , Lefever , R. M. H. and Lefever , M. 2003 . The Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire: Further validation of a tool for simultaneous assessment of multiple addictive behaviours . Addictive Behaviors , 28 : 225 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , E. 1990 . The obsessive-compulsive model for describing compulsive sexual behavior . American Journal of Preventive Psychiatry and Neurology , 2 : 9 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Coleman , E. 1992 . Is your patient suffering from compulsive sexual behavior? . Psychiatric Annals , 22 : 320 – 425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins , J. , Skinner , W. and Toneatto , T. 2006 . Beyond assessment: The impact of comorbidity of pathological gambling, psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders on treatment course and outcomes , Ontario : Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre .
   Google Scholar
• Compton , W. M. , Thomas , Y. F. , Stinson , F. S. and Grant , B. F. 2007 . Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions . Archives of General Psychiatry , 64 : 566 – 576 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conner , B. , Stein , J. , Longshore , D. and Stacy , A. 1999 . Associations between drug abuse treatment and cigarette use: Evidence of substance replacement . Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology , 7 : 64 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi , M. 1999 . If we are so rich, why aren't we happy? . American Psychologist , 54 : 821 – 827 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham-Williams , R. M. , Cottler , L. B. , Compton , W. M. , Spitznagel , E. L. and Ben-Abdallah , A. 2000 . Problem gambling and comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders among drug users recruited from drug treatment and community settings . Journal of Gambling Studies , 16 : 347 – 376 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis , C. 2001 . Addiction and eating disorders . Psychiatric Times , XVIII Retrieved February 17, 2008, from http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/p010259.html
   Google Scholar
• Douglas , E. J. and Morris , R. J. 2006 . Workaholic or just hard worker? . Career Development International , 11 : 394 – 417 .
   Google Scholar
• Epstein , J. , Barker , P. , Vorburger , M. and Murtha , C. 2002 . “ Serious mental illness and its co-occurrence with substance use disorders ” . Retrieved January 30, 2008, from http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/CoD/CoD.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Faber , R. J. , Christenson , G. A. , de Zwaan , M. and Mitchell , J. 1995 . Two forms of compulsive consumption: Comorbidity of compulsive buying and binge eating . Journal of Consumer Research , 22 : 296 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faber , R. J. and O’Guinn , T. C. 1992 . A clinical screener for compulsive buying . Journal of Consumer Research , 19 : 459 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearing , J. 2002 . “ Intervention and the sexually addicted patient ” . In Clinical management of sexual addiction , Edited by: Carnes , P. J. and Adams , K. M. 21 – 30 . New York : Brunner-Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Feree , M. C. 2002 . “ Females: The forgotten sex addicts ” . In Clinical management of sexual addiction , Edited by: Carnes , P. J. and Adams , K. M. 255 – 269 . New York : Brunner-Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Ferris , J. and Wynne , H. 2001 . “ The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final report: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse ” . Ottawa Retrieved January 14, 2008, from www.ccsa.ca/NR/rdonlyres/58BD1AA0–047A4–1EC9–06E8–7F8FF46C91B/0/ccsa0088052001.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Flores , P. 2004 . Addiction as an attachment disorder , New York : Jason Aronson .
   Google Scholar
• Forston , B. , Scotti , J. , Chen , Y. , Malone , J. and Del Ben , K. 2007 . Internet use and dependence among students at a Southeastern Regional University . Journal of American College Health , 56 : 137 – 145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freimuth , M. 2005 . Hidden addictions: Assessment practices for psychotherapists, counselors, and health care providers , New York : Rowman and Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Freimuth , M. in press . Another missed opportunity? Recognition of alcohol use problems by mental health providers . Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giugliano , J. R. 2006 . Out of control sexual behavior: A qualitative investigation . Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity , 13 : 361 – 375 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , A. 1993 . Diagnosis of sexual addiction . Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy , 19 : 225 – 241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman , A. 1998 . Sexual addiction: An integrated approach , Madison , CT : International Universities Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , L. J. , Fargson , P. J. and Kramer , J. J. 1995 . Sexual behaviors of patients in a residential chemical dependency program . Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity , 2 : 233 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Grant , J. E. and Sternberg , M. A. 2005 . Compulsive sexual behavior and pathological gambling . Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity , 12 : 235 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths , M. 1995 . Technological addictions . Clinical Psychology Forum , 76 : 4 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Grohol , J. M. 2003 . “ Internet Addiction Guide ” . Retrieved December 18, 2007, from http://psychcentral.com/netaddiction/
   Google Scholar
• Ha , J. H. , Kim , S. Y. , Bae , S. C. , Bae , S. , Kim , H. and Sim , M. 2007 . Depression and Internet addiction in adolescents . Psychopathology , 40 : 424 – 430 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagedorn , B. W. and Juhnke , G. A. 2005 . Treating the sexually addicted client: Establishing a need for increased counselor awareness . Journal of Addictions and Offender Counseling , 25 : 66 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , G. W. , Carriero , N. J. , Takushi , R. Y. , Montoya , I. D. , Preston , K. L. and Gorelick , D. A. 2000 . Pathological gambling among cocaine-dependent outpatients . American Journal of Psychiatry , 157 : 1127 – 1133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , M. and Cumella , E. J. 2006 . Eating disorders across the life span . Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services , 44 : 20 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasin , D. S. , Stinson , F. S. , Ogburn , E. and Grant , B. F. 2007 . Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions . Archives of General Psychiatry , 64 : 830 – 842 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasin , D. , Liu , X.-H. , Nunes , E. , McCloud , S. , Samet , S. and Endicott , J. 2002 . Effects of major depression on remission and relapse of substance dependence . Archives of General Psychiatry , 59 : 375 – 380 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausenblas , H. A. and Symons Downs , D. 2002 . Exercise dependence: A systematic review . Psychology of Sports and Exercise , 3 : 89 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haylett , S. A. , Stephenson , G. M. and LeFever , R. M.H. 2004 . Covariation of addictive behaviors: A study of addictive orientation using the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire . Addictive Behaviors , 29 : 61 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander , E. , Buchalter , A. J. and DeCaria , C. M. 2000 . What's in a name? Terminology for designation a syndrome of driven sexual behavior . Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity , 8 : 191 – 213 .
   Google Scholar
• Howard , M. D. 2007 . Escaping the pain: Examining the use of sexually compulsive behavior to avoid the traumatic memories of combat . Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity , 14 : 77 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Hudson , J. I. , Hiripi , E. , Pope , H. G. and Kessler , R. C. 2007 . The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey replication . Biological Psychiatry , 61 : 348 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes , J. R. and Callas , P. W. 2003 . Past alcohol problems do not predict worse smoking cessation outcomes . Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 71 : 269 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurlbert , D. F , Apt , C. and White , L. C. 1992 . An empirical examination into the sexuality of women with borderline personality disorder . Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy , 18 : 231 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez-Murcia , S. , Álvarez-Moya , E. M. , Granero , R. , Aymami , M. N. , Gómez-Peña , M. and Jaurrieta , N. 2007 . Cognitive behavioral group treatment for pathological gambling: Analysis of effectiveness and predictions of therapy outcome . Psychotherapy Research , 17 : 544 – 552 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalman , D. , Morissette , S. B. and George , T. P. 2005 . Comorbidity of smoking in patients with psychiatric and substance use disorders . American Journal on Addiction , 14 : 106 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel , D. B. 1982 . Epidemiological and psychosocial perspectives on adolescent drug use . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 20 : 328 – 347 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaye , W. H. , Bulik , C. M. , Thornton , L. , Barbarich , N. and Masters , K. 2004 . Comorbidity of anxiety disorders with anorexia and bulimia nervosa . American Journal of Psychiatry , 161 : 2215 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler , R. C. 2004 . The epidemiology of dual diagnosis . Biological Psychiatry , 56 : 730 – 737 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler , R. C. , Nelson , C. B. , McGonagle , K. S. , Edlund , M. J. , Frank , R. G. and Leaf , P. J. 1996 . The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: Implications for prevention and service utilization . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 66 : 17 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , D. A. , Bennett , A. S. , Schebendach , J. , Foltin , R. W. , Devlin , M. J. and Walsh , B. T. 2004 . Exercise “addiction” in anorexia nervosa: Model development and pilot data . CNS Spectrum , 9 : 531 – 537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko , C. H. , Yen , J. Y. , Chen , C. S. , Chen , C. C. and Yen , C. F. 2008 . Psychiatric comorbity of Internet addiction in college students: An interview study . CNS Spectrum , 13 : 147 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koran , L. M. , Farber , R. J. , Aboujaoude , E. , Large , M. D. and Serpe , R. T. 2006 . Estimated prevalence of compulsive buying in the United States . American Journal of Psychiatry , 163 : 1806 – 1812 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraut , R. , Patterson , M. , Lundmark , V. , Kiesler , S. , Mukophadhyay , T. and Scherlis , W. 1998 . Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? . American Psychologist , 53 : 1017 – 1031 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasser , K. , Boyd , J. W. , Woolhandler , S. , Himmelstein , D. U. , McCormick , D. and Bor , D. H. 2000 . Smoking and mental illness: A population-based prevalence study . Journal of the American Medical Association , 284 : 2606 – 2610 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , M. S. , Ko , Y. , Song , H. S. , Kwon , K. H. , Lee , H. S. and Nam , M. 2007 . Characteristics of Internet use in relation to game genre in Korean adolescents . CyberPsychology & Behavior10 , : 278 – 285 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee , S. , Lennon , S. J. and Rudd , N. A. 2000 . Compulsive consumption tendencies among television shoppers . Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal , 28 : 463 – 488 .
   Google Scholar
• LeJoyeux , M. , Ades , J. , Tassain , V. and Solomon , J. 1996 . The phenomenology and psychopathology of uncontrolled buying . American Journal of Psychiatry , 153 : 1524 – 1529 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung , L. 2004 . Net-generation attributes and seductive properties of the Internet as predictors of online activities and Internet addiction . Cyberpsychology & Behavior , 7 : 333 – 348 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu , T. and Potenza , M. N. 2007 . Problematic Internet use: Clinical implications . CNS Spectrums , 12 : 453 – 466 . Retrieved March 4, 2008, from http://www.cnsspectrums.com/aspx/articledetail.aspx?articleid=1094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd , M. , Raymond , N. C. , Miner , M. H. and Coleman , E. 2007 . Borderline personality traits in individuals with compulsive sexual behavior . Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity , 14 : 187 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• McKenna , K. Y. A. and Bargh , J. A. 2000 . Plan 9 from cyberspace: The implications of the Internet for personality and social psychology . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 4 : 57 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Measelle , J. R. , Stice , E. and Hogansen , J. M. 2006 . Developmental trajectories of co-occurring depressive, eating, antisocial, and substance abuse problems in female adolescents . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 115 : 524 – 538 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milos , G. F. , Spindler , A. M. , Buddeberg , C. and Crameri , A. 2003 . Axes I and II comorbidity and treatment experiences in eating disorder subjects . Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 72 : 276 – 285 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , C. D. , Waxmonsky , J. , Giese , A. A. , Graves , M. and Turnbull , J. J. 2006 . A mental health provider toolkit for smoking cessation , Retrieved January 11, 2008, from http://www.cdhs.state.co.us/dmh/PDFs/Quit_MHToolkit.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mudrack , P. E. 2004 . Job involvement, obsessive-compulsive personality traits, and workaholic behavioral tendencies . Journal of Organizational Change Management , 17 : 490 – 508 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center on Addiction and Substance Use at Columbia University (CASA) . 2003 . “ Food for thought: Substance abuse and eating disorder ” . New York : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Newmann , J. P. and Sallman , J. 2004 . Women, trauma histories, and co-occurring disorders: Assessing the scope of the problem . Social Science Review , 78 : 466 – 500 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Dea , J. A. and Abraham , S. 2002 . Eating and exercise disorders in young college men . Journal of American College Health , 50 : 273 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , J. and Guest , D. 2002 . “ The integration of psychotherapy and 12-step programs in sexual addiction treatment ” . In Clinical management of sexual addiction , Edited by: Carnes , P. J. and Adams , K. M. 115 – 124 . New York : Brunner-Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Petry , N. M. 2002 . Pathological gambling: Etiology, comorbidity, and treatment , Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Petry , N. M. 2005 . Stages of change in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 73 : 312 – 322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petry , N. M. , Stinson , F. S. and Grant , B. F. 2005 . Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 66 ( 5 ) : 564 – 574 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , G. 1996 . Organizational impact of workaholism: Suggestions for researching the negative outcomes of excessive work . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 1 : 70 – 84 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Power , C. 2005 . Food and sex addiction: Helping the clinician recognize and treat the interaction . Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity , 12 : 219 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Quanland , M. C. 1985 . Compulsive sexual behavior: Definition of a problem and an approach to treatment . Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy , 11 : 121 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragan , P. W. and Martin , P. R. 2000 . The psychobiology of sexual addiction . Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity , 7 : 161 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Raviv , M. 1993 . Personality characteristics of sexual addicts and pathological gamblers . Journal of Gambling Studies , 9 : 17 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Raymond , N. C. , Coleman , E. and Miner , M. H. 2003 . Psychiatric comorbidity and compulsive/impulsive traits in compulsive sexual behavior . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 44 : 370 – 380 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , E. B. 2007 . “ Chained to the desk: A guide for workaholics, their partners and children, and the clinicians who treat them ” . New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , P. 2007 . Mediators of the association between narcissism and compulsive buying: The roles of materialism and impulse control . Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 21 : 576 – 581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal , R. J. 2005 . Staying in the action: The pathological gambler's equivalent of the dry drunk . Journal of Gambling Issues , 13 Retrieved October 15, 2006, from http://www.camh.net/egambling/issue13/jgi_13_rosenthal.html
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , J. and Irons , R. 1998 . Addictive sexual disorders: Differential diagnosis and treatment . Primary Psychiatry , 4 : 65 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , J. P. and Schneider , B. 2004 . Sex, lies and forgiveness , 3rd , Tucson , AZ : Recovery Resource Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , J. P. , Sealy , J. , Montgomery , J. and Irons , R. R. 2005 . Ritualization and reinforcement: Keys to understanding mixed addiction involving sex and drugs . Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity , 12 : 121 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Shaffer , H. J. , LaPlante , D. A. , LaBrie , R. A. , Kidman , R. C. , Donato , A. N. and Stanton , M. V. 2004 . Toward a syndrome model of addiction: Multiple expressions, common etiology . Harvard Review of Psychiatry , 12 : 367 – 374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapira , N. A. , Goldsmith , T. D. , Keck , P. E. Jr. , Khosla , U. M. and McElroy , S. L. 2000 . Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic Internet use . Journal of Affective Disorders , 57 : 267 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrem , M. T. and Halkitis , P. N. 2008 . Methamphetamine abuse in the United States: Contextual, psychological and sociological considerations . Journal of Health Psychology , 13 : 669 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinstad , A. H. and Swain , A. 2001 . Comorbidity in a clinical sample of substance abusers . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 27 : 45 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth , J. M. , Wonderlich , S. A. , Heron , K. E. , Sliwinski , M. J. , Crosby , R. D. Mitchell , J. E. 2007 . Daily and momentary mood and stress are associated with binge eating and vomiting in bulimia nervosa patients in the natural environment . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 75 : 629 – 638 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song , I. , Larose , R. , Eastin , M. and Lin , C. A. 2004 . Internet gratifications and Internet Addiction: On the uses and abuses of new media . Cyberpsychology & Behavior , 7 : 384 – 394 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Specker , S. M. , Carlson , G. A. , Christenson , G. A. and Marcotte , M. 1995 . Impulse control disorders and attention deficit disorder in pathological gamblers . Annals of Clinical Psychiatry , 7 : 175 – 179 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) . 2006 . “ The epidemiology of co-occurring substance use and mental disorders ” . Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://download.ncadi.samhsa.gov/prevline/pdfs/SMA07–4308.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sussman , S. 2007 . Sexual addiction among teens: A review . Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity , 4 : 257 – 278 .
   Google Scholar
• Tedesko , A. and Bola , J. R. 1997 . A pilot study of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behaviors in adults . Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity , 4 : 147 – 157 .
   Google Scholar
• Vohs , K. D. and Faber , R. J. 2007 . Spent resources: Self-regulatory resource availability affects impulse buying . Journal of Consumer Research , 33 : 537 – 547 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan , M. , Finlayson , R. and Rowles , A. 2000 . Sexual dependency treatment outcome study . Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity , 7 : 177 – 196 .
   Google Scholar
• Warden , N. L. , Phillips , J. G. and Ogloff , J. R. 2004 . Internet addiction . Psychiatry, Psychology and Law , 11 : 280 – 295 .
   Google Scholar
• Washton , A. M. 1989 . Cocaine abuse and compulsive sexuality . Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality , 23 : 32 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Watkins , K. E. , Hunter , S. B. , Wenzel , S. L , Tu , W. , Paddock , S. M. and Griffin , A. 2004 . Prevalence of characteristics of clients with co-occurring disorders in outpatient substance abuse treatment . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 30 : 749 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss , D. 2004 . The prevalence of depression in male sex addicts residing in the United States . Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity , 11 : 57 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westphal , J. R. and Johnson , L. J. 2007 . Multiple co-occurring behaviours among gamblers in treatment: Implications and assessment . International Gambling Studies , 7 : 73 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Winn , M. 2002 . “ The plug in drug: Television, computers & family life: 25th anniversary edition ” . New York : Penguin. .
   Google Scholar
• Whang , L. S. M. , Lee , S. and Chang , G. 2003 . Internet over-users’ psychological profiles: A behavior sampling analysis of Internet addiction . Cyberpsychology & Behavior , 6 : 143 – 150 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yen , J. Y. , Yen , C. F. , Chen , C. C. , Chen , S. H. and Ko , C. H. 2007 . Family factors of Internet addiction and substance use experience in Taiwanese adolescents . Cyberpsychology & Behavior , 10 : 323 – 329 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young , K. S. 1998 . Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder . Cyberpsychology & Behavior , 1 : 237 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , K. S. 2004 . Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences . American Behavioral Scientist , 48 : 402 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , K. S. 2007 . Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: Treatment outcomes and implications . Cyberpsychology & Behavior , 10 : 671 – 679 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young , K. and Rodgers , R. 1998 . The relationship between depression and internet addiction . CyberPsychology & Behavior , 1 : 25 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Zerbe , K. 2004 . Eating disorders at middle age . Eating Disorders Review , 15 : 1 – 3. .
   Google Scholar