971
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Spiral Loss of Culture: Cultural Trauma and Bereavement of Bhutanese Refugee Elders

&

References

  • Alexander, J. C. (2004). Toward a theory of cultural trauma. Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity, 76(4), 620–639.
  • Alexander, J. C., Eyerman, R., Giesen, B., Smelser, N. J., & Sztompka, P. (2004). Cultural trauma and collective identity. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Amit, K., & Bar-Lev, S. (2015). Immigrants’ sense of belonging to the host country: The role of life satisfaction, language proficiency, and religious motives. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 947–961. doi:10.1007/s11205-014-0823-3
  • Ao, T., Shetty, S., Sivilli, T., Blanton, C., Ellis, H., Geltman, P. L., Cochran, J., Taylor, E., Lankau, E. W. & Cardozo, B. L. (2016). Suicidal ideation and mental health of Bhutanese refugees in the United States. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 18(4), 828–835.
  • Atwell, R., Correa-Velez, I., & Gifford, S. (2007). Ageing out of place: Health and well-being needs and access to home and aged care services for recently arrived older refugees in Melbourne, Australia. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 3(1), 4–14. doi:10.1108/17479894200700002
  • Benson, G. O., Sun, F., Hodge, D. R., & Androff, D. K. (2012). Religious coping and acculturation stress among Hindu Bhutanese: A study of newly-resettled refugees in the United States. International Social Work, 55(4), 538–553. doi:10.1177/0020872811417474
  • Bhugra, D., & Becker, M. A. (2005). Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity. World Psychiatry, 4(1), 18–24.
  • Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Burr, G. (1998). Contextualizing critical care family needs through triangulation: An Australian study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 14(4), 161–169. doi:10.1016/S0964-3397(98)80473-4
  • Burr, V. (1995). An introduction to social constructionism. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Burton, A., & Breen, C. (2002). Older refugees in humanitarian emergencies. The Lancet, 360, S47–S48. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11819-8
  • Calabrese, J. D., & Dorji, C. (2013). Traditional and modern understandings of mental illness in Bhutan: Preserving the benefits of each to support Gross National Happiness. Journal of Bhutan Studies, 30, 1–29.
  • Chase, L. E., Welton-Mitchell, C., & Bhattarai, S. (2013). Solving Tension: Coping among Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 9(2), 71–83. doi:10.1108/IJMHSC-05-2013-0001
  • Chemali, Z., Borba, C. P., Johnson, K., Khair, S., & Fricchione, G. L. (2018). Needs assessment with elder Syrian refugees in Lebanon: Implications for services and interventions. Global Public Health, 13(9), 1216–1228. doi:10.1080/17441692.2017.1373838
  • Chenoweth, J., & Burdick, L. (2001). The path to integration: Meeting the special needs of refugee elders in resettlement. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 20(1), 20–29.
  • Currier, J. M., Holland, J. M., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2006). Sense-Making, Grief, and the Experience of Violent Loss: Toward a Mediational Model. Death Studies, 30(5), 403–428. doi:10.1080/07481180600614351
  • Dhakal, M. R. (2012). Ageing and health in Nepal. Regional Health Forum, 16(1), 12–16.
  • Du, Y., & Xu, Q. (2016). Health disparities and delayed health care among older adults in California: A perspective from race, ethnicity, and immigration. Public Health Nursing, 33(5), 383–394. doi:10.1111/phn.12260
  • Dubus, N. (2018). Arriving old: A qualitative study of elder refugee women’s self-perceptions of the first year of resettlement. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 61(4), 393–410. doi:10.1080/01634372.2018.1457124
  • Dubus, N. (2010). I feel like her daughter not her mother”: Ethnographic trans-cultural perspective of the experiences of aging for a group of Southeast Asian refugees in the United States. Journal of Aging Studies, 24(3), 204–211. doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2010.02.002
  • Eisenbruch, M. (1991). From post-traumatic stress disorder to cultural bereavement: Diagnosis of Southeast Asian refugees. Social Science & Medicine, 33(6), 673–680. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90021-4
  • Ellis, B. H., Lankau, E. W., Ao, T., Benson, M. A., Miller, A. B., Shetty, S., … Cochran, J. (2015). Understanding Bhutanese refugee suicide through the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 85(1), 43–55. doi:10.1037/ort0000028
  • Esses, V. M., Hamilton, L. K., & Gaucher, D. (2017). The global refugee crisis: Empirical evidence and policy implications for improving public attitudes and facilitating refugee resettlement. Social Issues and Policy Review, 11(1), 78–123. doi:10.1111/sipr.12028
  • Evans, R. (2010). The perils of being a borderland people: On the Lhotshampas of Bhutan. Contemporary South Asia, 18(1), 25–42. doi:10.1080/09584930903561598
  • Eyerman, R. (2002). Cultural trauma: Slavery and the formation of African American identity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gerber, M. M., Callahan, J. L., Moyer, D. N., Connally, M. L., Holtz, P. M., & Janis, B. M. (2017). Nepali Bhutanese refugees reap support through community gardening. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 6(1), 17–31. doi:10.1037/ipp0000061
  • Ghafoori, B., Caspi, Y., Salgado, C., Allwood, M., Kreither, J., Tejada, J. L., … Nadal, K. (2019). Global Perspectives on the Trauma of Hate-Based Violence: An International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Briefing Paper. Retrieved from www.istss.org/hate-based-violence.
  • Haagen, J. F., Heide, F., Mooren, T. M., Knipscheer, J. W., & Kleber, R. J. (2017). Predicting post‐traumatic stress disorder treatment response in refugees: Multilevel analysis. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(1), 69–83. doi:10.1111/bjc.12121
  • Hartwig, K., & Mason, M. (2016). Community gardens for refugee and immigrant communities as a means of health promotion. Journal of Community Health, 41(6), 1153–1159. doi:10.1007/s10900-016-0195-5
  • Hatzidimitriadou, E. (2010). Settlement experiences and emerging care needs of older refugees in developed countries. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 7, 1–20.
  • Heath, N. M., Hall, B. J., Russ, E. U., Canetti, D., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2012). Reciprocal relationships between resource loss and psychological distress following exposure to political violence: An empirical investigation of COR theory’s loss spirals. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 25(6), 679–695. doi:10.1080/10615806.2011.628988
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested‐self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337–421. doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00062
  • Hugman, R., Bartolomei, L., & Pittaway, E. (2004). It is part of your life until you die: Older refugees in Australia. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 23(3), 147–149. Vol doi:10.1111/j.1741-6612.2004.00037.x
  • Im, H. (2018). Constructing health capital in ecological systems: A qualitative evaluation of community-based health workshops in the refugee community. Health & Social Care in the Community, 26(4), e541–e551. doi:10.1111/hsc.12568
  • Im, H., & Rosenberg, R. (2016). Building social capital through a peer-led community health workshop: A Pilot with the Bhutanese refugee community. Journal of Community Health, 41(3), 509–517. doi:10.1007/s10900-015-0124-z
  • Karunakara, U., & Stevenson, F. (2012). Ending neglect of older people in the response to humanitarian emergencies. PLoS Medicine, 9(12), e1001357. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001357
  • Kim, G., Loi, C. X. A., Chiriboga, D. A., Jang, Y., Parmelee, P., & Allen, R. S. (2011). Limited English proficiency as a barrier to mental health service use: A study of Latino and Asian immigrants with psychiatric disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(1), 104–110. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.04.031
  • Kira, I. A., Ahmed, A., Mahmoud, V., & Wasim, F. (2010). Group therapy model for refugee and torture survivors. Torture: Quarterly Journal on Rehabilitation of Torture Victims and Prevention of Torture, 20(2), 108–113.
  • Kirmayer, L. J., Narasiah, L., Munoz, M., Rashid, M., Ryder, A. G., Guzder, J., … Pottie, K., for the Canadian Collaboration for Immigrant and Refugee Health (CCIRH). (2011). Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: General approach in primary care. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 183(12), E959–E967. doi:10.1503/cmaj.090292
  • Krieg, A. (2009). The experience of collective trauma in Australian Indigenous communities. Australasian Psychiatry, 17(1_suppl), S28–S32. doi:10.1080/10398560902948621
  • Loi, S., & Sundram, S. (2014). To flee, or not to flee, that is the question for older asylum seekers. International Psychogeriatrics, 26(9), 1403–1406. doi:10.1017/S1041610214001057
  • Marshall, G. N., Schell, T. L., Elliott, M. N., Berthold, S. M., & Chun, C. A. (2005). Mental health of Cambodian refugees 2 decades after resettlement in the United States. JAMA, 294(5), 571–579. doi:10.1001/jama.294.5.571
  • Milner, M. (1993). Hindu eschatology and the Indian caste system: An example of structural reversal. The Journal of Asian Studies, 52(2), 298–319. doi:10.2307/2059649
  • Mirza, M., Luna, R., Mathews, B., Hasnain, R., Hebert, E., Niebauer, A., & Mishra, U. D. (2014). Barriers to healthcare access among refugees with disabilities and chronic health conditions resettled in the US Midwest. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 16(4), 733–742. doi:10.1007/s10903-013-9906-5
  • Mokoena, H. A. (2014). Youth: “Born Frees” and the predicament of being young in postapartheid South Africa. Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 38(1), 119–136.
  • Ponce, N. A., Hays, R. D., & Cunningham, W. E. (2006). Linguistic disparities in health care access and health status among older adults. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(4), 786–791. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00491.x
  • Rivera, H., Lynch, J., Li, J. T., & Obamehinti, F. (2016). Infusing sociocultural perspectives into capacity building activities to meet the needs of refugees and asylum seekers. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 57(4), 320–329. doi:10.1037/cap0000076
  • Shaw, A., Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. (2005). Religion, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth: A systematic review. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 8, 1–11. doi:10.1080/1367467032000157981
  • Sangalang, C. C., & Vang, C. (2017). Intergenerational trauma in refugee families: A systematic review. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 19(3), 745–754. doi:10.1007/s10903-016-0499-7
  • Stamm, B. H., Stamm, H. E., Hudnall, A. C., & Higson-Smith, C. (2004). Considering a theory of cultural trauma and loss. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 9(1), 89–111. doi:10.1080/15325020490255412
  • Stewart, M., Anderson, J., Beiser, M., Mwakarimba, E., Neufeld, A., Simich, L., & Spitzer, D. (2008). Multicultural meanings of social support among immigrants and refugees. International Migration, 46(3), 123–159. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2008.00464.x
  • Telzer, E. H. (2010). Expanding the acculturation gap-distress model: An integrative review of research. Human Development, 53(6), 313–340. doi:10.1159/000322476
  • Terheggen, M. A., Stroebe, M. S., & Kleber, R. J. (2001). Western conceptualizations and eastern experience: A cross‐cultural study of traumatic stress reactions among Tibetan refugees in India. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14(2), 391–403. doi:10.1023/A:1011177204593
  • The U.S. State Department. (2017). Refugee admissions statistics. https://www.state.gov/j/prm/ra/index.htm.
  • Virgincar, A., Doherty, S., & Siriwardhana, C. (2016). The impact of forced migration on the mental health of the elderly: A scoping review. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(6), 889–896. doi:10.1017/S1041610216000193
  • Xiong, Z. B., Eliason, P. A., Detzner, D. F., & Cleveland, M. J. (2005). Southeast Asian immigrants’ perceptions of good adolescents and good parents. The Journal of Psychology, 139(2), 159–175. doi:10.3200/JRLP.139.2.159-175
  • Yako, R. M., & Biswas, B. (2014). We came to this country for the future of our children. We have no future”: Acculturative stress among Iraqi refugees in the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 38, 133–141. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2013.08.003
  • Yun, K., Paul, P., Subedi, P., Kuikel, L., Nguyen, G. T., & Barg, F. K. (2016). Help-seeking behavior and health care navigation by Bhutanese refugees. Journal of Community Health, 41(3), 526–534. doi:10.1007/s10900-015-0126-x

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.