References
- Melanson SEF. The utility of immunoassays for urine drug testing. Clin Lab Med. 2012;32(3):429–447.
- Raouf M, Bettinger JJ, Fudin J. A practical guide to urine drug monitoring. Fed Pract. 2018;35(4):38–44.
- Hammett-Stabler CA, Pesce AJ, Cannon DJ. Urine drug screening in the medical setting. Clin Chim Acta. 2002;315(1–2):125–135.
- Moeller KE, Kissack JC, Atayee RS, et al. Clinical interpretation of urine drug tests: what clinicians need to know about urine drug screens. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(5):774–796.
- Reschly-Krasowski JM, Krasowski MD. A difficult challenge for the clinical laboratory: accessing and interpreting manufacturer cross-reactivity data for immunoassays used in urine drug testing. Acad Pathol. 2018;5:1–10.
- Saitman A, Park HD, Fitzgerald RL. False-positive interferences of common urine drug screen immunoassays: a review. J Anal Toxicol. 2014;38(7):387–396.
- Brahm NC, Yeager LL, Fox MD, et al. Commonly prescribed medications and potential false-positive urine drug screens. Am J Heal Pharm. 2010;67(16):1344–1350.
- Markway EC, Baker SN. A review of the methods, interpretation, and limitations of the urine drug screen. Orthopedics. 2011;34(11):877–881.
- Zhang YV, Wei B, Zhu Y, et al. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: an emerging technology in the toxicology laboratory. Clin Lab Med. 2016;36(4):635–661.
- Becker DE, Reed KL. Local anesthetics: review of pharmacological considerations. Anesth Prog. 2012;59(2):90–102.
- Kumar M, Chawla R, Goyal M. Topical anesthesia. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2015;31(4):450–456.
- Alster T. Review of lidocaine/tetracaine cream as a topical anesthetic for dermatologic laser procedures. Pain Ther. 2013;2(1):11–19.
- López Martínez RM, Rigo Bonnin R, Andrés Otero MJ, et al. Procedimiento para el estudio de interferencias exógenas en la medición de magnitudes biológicas. Documento técnico (2017). Rev Del Lab Clínico. 2018;11(3):147–152.
- Solans A, Carnicero M, De La Torre R, et al. Comprehensive screening procedure for detection of stimulants, narcotics, adrenergic drugs, and their metabolites in human urine. J Anal Toxicol. 1995;19(2):104–114.
- Stout PR, Klette KL, Horn CK. Evaluation of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine concentrations in human urine samples and a comparison of the specificity of DRI® amphetamines and abuscreen® online (KIMS) amphetamines screening immunoassays. J Forensic Sci. 2004;49(1):1–4.
- Weintraub D, Linder MW. Amphetamine positive toxicology screen secondary to bupropion. Depress Anxiety. 2000;12(1):53–54.
- Gilbert RB, Peng PI, Wong D. A labetalol metabolite with analytical characteristics resembling amphetamines. J Anal Toxicol. 1995;19(2):84–86.
- Melanson SEF, Lee-Lewandrowski E, Griggs DA, et al. Reduced interference by phenothiazines in amphetamine drug of abuse immunoassays. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006;130(12):1834–1838.
- Baron JM, Griggs DA, Nixon AL, et al. The trazodone metabolite meta-chlorophenylpiperazine can cause false-positive urine amphetamine immunoassay results. J Anal Toxicol. 2011;35(6):364–368.
- Casey ER, Scott MG, Tang S, et al. Frequency of false positive amphetamine screens due to bupropion using the syva emit II immunoassay. J Med Toxicol. 2011;7(2):105–108.
- Marin SJ, Doyle K, Chang A, et al. One hundred false-positive amphetamine specimens characterized by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol. 2016;40(1):37–42.
- Johnson-Davis KL, Sadler AJ, Genzen JR. A retrospective analysis of urine drugs of abuse immunoassay true positive rates at a national reference laboratory. J Anal Toxicol. 2016;40(2):97–107.
- Krasowski MD, Pizon AF, Siam MG, et al. Using molecular similarity to highlight the challenges of routine immunoassay-based drug of abuse/toxicology screening in emergency medicine. BMC Emerg Med. 2009;9(1):18.
- Kapur BM. False positive drugs of abuse immunoassays. Clin Biochem. 2012;45(9):603–604.