The Importance of Social Learning and Critical Incident Stressors on Police Officers’ Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence

REFERENCES

• Adams, D. (2009). Predisposing childhood factors for men who kill their intimate partners. Victims & Offenders, 4, 215–229.
   Google Scholar
• Agnew, R. (1992). Foundations for a general strain theory of delinquency. Criminology, 30, 47–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnew, R. (2002). Experienced, vicarious, and anticipated strain: An exploratory study on physical victimization and delinquency. Justice Quarterly, 19, 603–632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnew, R. (2006). Pressured into crime: An overview of general strain theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Akers, R. L. (1998). Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and deviance. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Akers, R. L., & Sellers, C. S. (2009). Criminological theories: Introduction, evaluation, and application. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, A. S., & Lo, C. C. (2011). Intimate partner violence within law enforcement families. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 1176–1193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, G., Litzenberger, R., & Plecas, D. (2002). Physical evidence of police officer stress. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25, 399–420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer, J. (2000). Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 651–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron, S. W. (2009). Street youths’ violent responses to violent personal, vicarious, and anticipated strain. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37, 442–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, D. S., Sussman, S., & Unger, J. B. (2010). A further look at the intergenerational transmission of violence: Witnessing interparental violence in emerging adulthood. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 1022–1042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandl, S., & Stroshine, M. S. (2003). Toward an understanding of physical hazards of police work. Police Quarterly, 6, 172–191.
   Google Scholar
• Carlan, P.E., & Nored, L. S. (2008). An examination of officer stress: Should police departments implement mandatory counseling? Journal of Police & Criminal Psychology, 23, 8–15.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, J. L., & Vandeusen, K. M. (2002). The relationship between family of origin violence and dating violence in college men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17, 630–646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catalano, S. (2007). Intimate partner violence in the United States. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Cochran, J. K., Sellers C. S., Wiesbrock, V., & Palacios, W. R. (2011). Repetitive intimate partner victimization: An exploratory application of social learning theory. Deviant Behavior, 32, 790–817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey, P., Leitenberg, H., Henning, K., Bennett, R. T., & Jankowski, M. K. (1996). Dating violence: The association between methods of coping and women’s psychological adjustment. Violence and Victims, 11, 227–238.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., McKeown, R. E., & King, M. J. (2000). Frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence by type: Physical, sexual, and psychological battering. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 553–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, D. H., & Straus, M. A. (1990). Marital power, conflict and violence in a nationally representative sample of American couples. In M. Straus & R. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families (pp. 287–304). Somerset, NJ: Transaction.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, P., & Gibbs, A. C. C. (2003). Stress in police officers: A study of the origins, prevalence and severity of stress related symptoms within a county police force. Occupational Medicine, 53, 256–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrensaft, M. K., Cohen, P., Brown, J., Smailes, E., Chen, H., & Johnson, J. G. (2003). Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 741–753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erwin, M. J., Gershon, R. R. M., Tiburzi, M., & Lin, S. (2005). Reports of intimate partner violence made against police officers. Journal of Family Violence, 20, 13–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, X., & Corso, P. S. (2008). Gender differences in the connections between violence experienced as a child and perpetration of intimate partner violence in young adulthood. Journal of Family Violence, 23, 303–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foshee, V. A., Bauman, K. E., & Linder, G. F. (1999). Family violence and the perpetration of adolescent dating violence: Examining social learning and social control processes. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61, 331–342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, W. D., Ramey, S. L., & Shelley, M. C. (2002). Relationship between cardiovascular disease morbidity, risk factors and stress in a law enforcement cohort. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44, 1182–1189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, C. A., & Kercher, G. A. (2012). The intergenerational transmission of intimate partner violence: Differentiating correlates in a random community sample. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 187–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froggio, G. (2007). Strain and juvenile delinquency: A critical review of Agnew’s general strain theory. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 12, 383–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gershon, R. (1999). Project Shields: Final report (NIJ #185892). Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Gershon, R. R. M., Barocas, B., Canton, A. N., Li, X., & Vlahov, D. (2009). Mental, physical, and behavioral outcomes associated with perceived work stress in police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36, 275–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, C. L., Swatt, M. L., & Jolicoeur, J. R. (2001). Assessing the generality of general strain theory: The relationships among occupational stress experienced by male police officers and domestic forms of violence. Journal of Crime and Justice, 24, 29–57.
   Google Scholar
• Gomez, A. M. (2011). Testing the cycle of violence hypothesis: Child abuse and adolescent dating violence as predictors of intimate partner violence in young adulthood. Youth & Society, 43, 171–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gover, A. R., Jennings, W. G., Tomsich, E. A., Park, M., & Rennison, C. M. (2011). The influence of childhood maltreatment and self-control on dating violence: A comparison of college students in the United States and South Korea. Violence and Victims, 26, 296–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gover, A. R., Kaukinen, C., & Fox, K. A. (2008). The relationship between violence in the family of origin and dating violence among college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1667–1693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gover, A. R., Park, M., Tomsich, E. A., & Jennings, W. G. (2011). Dating violence perpetration and victimization among South Korean college students: A focus on gender and childhood maltreatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 1232–1263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, S. F., & Lundy, M. (2007). Domestic violence across race and ethnicity: Implications for social work practice and policy. Violence Against Women, 13, 1029–1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, P. M., Wearing, A. J., & Headey, B. (1993). Assessing police work experiences: Development of police daily hassles and uplift scales. Journal of Criminal Justice, 21, 553–572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, N., Zhao, J., & Archbold, C. A. (2002). Gender and police stress: The convergent and divergent impact of work environment, work-family conflict, and stress coping mechanisms of female and male police officers. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25, 687–708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Association of Chiefs of Police. (2003). Discussion paper on IACP’s policy on domestic violence by police officers: A product of the IACP Police Response to Violence Against Women Project. Retrieved October 20, 2013, from http://www.theiacp.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=NzsLwlSvR2g%3D&tabid=87
   Google Scholar
• Jennings, W. G., Park, M., Tomsich, E. A., Gover, A. R., & Akers, R. L. (2011). Assessing the overlap in dating violence perpetration and victimization among South Korean college students: The influence of social learning and self-control. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 188–206.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, L. B., Todd, M., & Subramanian, G. (2005). Violence in police families: Work-family spillover. Journal of Family Violence, 20, 3–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klevens, J., Simon, T. R., & Chen, J. (2012). Are the perpetrators of violence one and the same? Exploring the co-occurrence of perpetration of physical aggression in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27, 1987–2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohan, A., & O’Connor, B. P. (2002). Police officer job satisfaction in relations to mood, well-being, and alcohol consumption. Journal of Psychology, 136, 307–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopel, H., & Friedman, M. (1997). Posttraumatic symptoms in South Africa police exposed to violence. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 307–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtz, D. L. (2008). Controlled burn: The gendering of stress and burnout in modern policing. Feminist Criminology, 3, 216–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Hankla, M., & Stormberg, C. D. (2004). The relationships behavior networks of young adults: A test of the intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis. Journal of Family Violence, 19, 139–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberman, A. M., Best, S. R., Metzler, T. J., Fagan, J. A., Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (2002). Routine occupational stress and psychological distress in police. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25, 421–439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonsway, K. A. (2006). Policies on police officer domestic violence: Prevalence and specific provisions within large police agencies. Police Quarterly, 9, 397–422.
   Google Scholar
• Luthra, R., & Gidycz, C. A. (2006). Dating violence among college men and women: Evaluation of a theoretical model. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 717–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, S. (1994). “Outsider within” the station house: The impact of race and gender on black women police. Social Problems, 41, 383–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, S., & Jurik, N. (1996). Doing justice, doing gender: Women in law and criminal justice occupations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Melander, L. A., Noel, H., & Tyler, K. A. (2010). Bidirectional, unidirectional, and nonviolence: A comparison of the predictors among partnered young adults. Violence and Victims, 25, 617–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menard, S. (2010). Logistic regression: From introductory to advanced concepts and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Mihalic, S. W., & Elliot, D. (1997). A social learning theory model of marital violence. Journal of Family Violence, 12, 21–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, D. W., & Rucker-Reed, M. L. (2004). Police stress, state-trait anxiety, and stressors among U.S. Marshals. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32, 631–641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Keefe, M. (1997). Predictors of dating violence among high school students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12, 546–568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oehme, K., Donnelly, E. A., & Martin, A. (2012). Alcohol abuse, PTSD, and officer-committed domestic violence. Policing, 6, 418–430.
   Google Scholar
• Payne, B. K., Triplett, R. A., & Higgins, G. E. (2011). The relationship between self-control, witnessing domestic violence, and subsequent violence. Deviant Behavior, 32, 769–789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renner, L. M., & Whitney, S. D. (2012). Risk factors for unidirectional and bidirectional intimate partner violence among young adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36, 40–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, A. L., Gilman, S. E., Fitzmaurice, G., Decker, M. R., & Koenen, K. C. (2010). Witness of intimate partner violence in childhood and perpetration of intimate partner violence in adulthood. Epidemiology, 21, 809–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, A. L., McLaughlin, K. A., Conron, K. J., & Koenen, K. C. (2011). Adulthood stressors, history of childhood adversity, and risk of perpetration of intimate partner violence. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 40, 128–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, H. M., Sigman, M. R., & Wilson, J. P. (1997). Duty-related stressors and PTSD symptoms in suburban police officers. Psychological Reports, 81, 835–845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellers, C., Cochran, J. K., & Branch, K. A. (2005). Social learning and partner violence: A search note. Deviant Behavior, 26, 379–395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. O., & Williams, J. G. (1992). From abusive household to dating violence. Journal of Family Violence, 7, 153–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stinson, P. M., & Liederbach, J. (2013). Fox in the henhouse: A study of police officers arrested for crimes associated with domestic violence and/or family violence. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 24, 601–625.
   Google Scholar
• Stinson, P. M., Liederbach, J., & Freiburger, T. L. (2012). Off-duty and under arrest: A study of crimes perpetuated by off-duty police. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 23, 139–163.
   Google Scholar
• Stratton, J. G., Parker, D. A., & Snibbe, J. R. (1984). Post-traumatic stress: Study of police officers involved in shootings. Psychological Reports, 55, 127–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus, M. A. (2004). Cross-cultural reliability and validity of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales: A study of university student dating couples in 17 nations. Cross-Cultural Research, 38, 407–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus, M. A., Gelles, R. J., & Steinmetz, S. K. (1980). Behind closed doors: Violence in the American family. New York: Doubleday/Anchor.
   Google Scholar
• Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. B. (1996). The revised Conflict Tactics Scales: Development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 283–316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunday, S., Kline, M., Labruna, V., Pelcovitz, D., Salzinger, S., & Kaplan, S. (2011). The role of adolescent physical abuse in adult intimate relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 3773–3789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swatt, M. L., Gibson, C. L., & Piquero, N. L. (2007). Exploring the utility of general strain theory in explaining problematic alcohol consumption by police officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35, 596–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Prevalence and consequence of male-to-female and female-to-male intimate partner violence as measured by the National Violence Against Women survey. Violence Against Women, 6, 142–161.
   Google Scholar
• Valentine, C., Oehme, K., & Martin, A. (2012). Correctional officers and domestic violence: Experiences and attitudes. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 531–545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatnar, S. K. B., & Bjørkly, S. (2012). Does separation or divorce make any difference? An interactional perspective on intimate partner violence with focus on marital status. Journal of Family Violence, 27, 45–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zavala, E. (2013a). Examining the offender-victim overlap among police officers: The role of social learning and job-related stress. Victims and Offenders, 28, 731–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zavala, E. (2013b). Testing the link between child maltreatment and family violence among police officers. Crime & Delinquency, 59, 468–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar