References
- Abraham, L. A., Brown, T. C., & Thomas, S. A. (2020). How COVID-19ʹs disruption of the US correctional system provides an opportunity for decarceration. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(4), 780–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09537-1
- BBC News. (2021, May 17). Thailand: Record number of Covid cases as prison clusters grow. BCC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57139690
- Bolin, R. M., & Applegate, B. K. (2018). Supervising juveniles and adults: Organizational context, professional orientations, and probation and parole officer behaviors. Journal of Crime and Justice, 41(4), 410–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2018.1440616
- Chokprajakchat, S., & Sukomol, S. (2004). Department of probation’s national standards. Bangkok.
- Criminal Justice Joint Inspection. (2022). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the criminal justice system – A progress report. Criminal Justice Joint Inspection. https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/cjji/inspections/chief-inspectors-warn-pandemic-recovery-in-the-criminal-justice-system-remains-elusive/
- Department of Probation . (2007). Thailand Department of Probation Report. Thailand: Department of Probation. https://globcci.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Thailand-Department-of-Probation-Report-2007.pdf.
- Department of Probation. (2020a, March 19). Operational guideline during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thailand: Department of Probation.
- Department of Probation. (2020b, March 24). Operational guideline during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thailand: Department of Probation.
- Department of Probation. (2022). Performance report. Retrieved March 15, 2022, from http://www.probation.go.th/dopedoc/
- Dominey, J., Coley, D., Devitt, K. E., & Lawrence, J. (2021). Putting a face to a name: Telephone contact as part of a blended approach to probation supervision. Probation Journal, 68(4), 394–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/02645505211050870
- Erisman, K. (2020). How Coronavirus Has Stifled the Criminal Justice System. American Military Univerity EDGE. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://amuedge.com/how-coronavirus-has-stifled-the-criminal-justice-system/
- Galleguillos, S., Sánchez Cea, M., Koetzle, D., Mellow, J., Piñol Arriagada, D., & Schwalbe, C. (2022a). The COVID-19 pandemic and probation in chile: Remote supervision and regional differences. International Criminology, 2(1–14), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43576-022-00044-3
- Galleguillos, S., Schwalbe, C. T., & Koetzle, D. (2022). Building accountability and client-officer relationships through videoconferencing: Exploring best practices for community corrections [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Department of Criminal Justice, John Jay College of Criminal Justice (CUNY).
- Gideon, L. (2020). Theories of research methodology: Readings in methods (3rd ed.). Kendall Hunt Pub Co.
- Gill, V. (2020, June 06). Coronavirus: This is not the last pandemic. BBC News. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-52775386.
- Gleicher, L., & Green, E. (2020, August 25). Effective strategies in community supervision: Core correctional practices and motivational interviewing. ICJIA | Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority. Retrieved October 25, 2021, from https://icjia.illinois.gov/researchhub/articles/effective-strategies-in-community-supervision-core-correctional-practices-and-motivational-interviewing
- Hanim, Z., & Hassan, R. (2012). The roles and challenges of parole officers in reintegrating prisoners into the community under the parole system. Procedia. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 36(C), 324–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036
- Israel, G. D. (1992). Determining sample size (Fact sheet PEOD-6). University of Florida.
- Jackson, B. A., Vermeer, M. J., Woods, D., Banks, D., Goodison, S. E., Russo, J., … Witwer, A. R. (2021). The US criminal justice system in the pandemic era and beyond: Taking stock of efforts to maintain safety and justice through the COVID-19 pandemic and prepare for future challenges. RAND Corporation.
- Kennealy, P. J., Skeem, J. L., Manchak, S. M., & Eno Louden, J. (2012). Firm, fair, and caring officer-offender relationships protect against supervision failure. Law and Human Behavior, 36(6), 496–505. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093935
- Lockwood, A., Viglione, J., & Peck, J. H. (2021). COVID-19 and Juvenile probation: A qualitative examination of emergent challenges and useful strategies. Criminal Justice and Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548211046977
- Macdonald, V., & Nacapew, S. (2013). Drug control and harm reduction in Thailand IDPC Briefing Paper.Retrieved September 10, 2020 from http://fileserver.idpc.net/library/IDPC-briefing-paperThailand-drug-policy-English.pdf
- Marcum, C. (2020). American corrections system response to COVID-19: An examination of the procedures and policies used in spring 2020. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(4), 759–768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09535-3
- Martin, K. D., & Zettler, H. R. (2021). COVID-19ʹs impact on probation professionals’ views about their roles and the future of probation. Criminal Justice Review, 47(2) , 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168211052876
- Ministry of Justice. (2020, May 30). กรมคุมประพฤติเตรียมพร้อมมาตรการป้องกัน Covid-19 คลายล็อกศูนย์ฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพผู้ติดยาเสพติด. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.moj.go.th/view/44356
- Norton, S. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Practitioner reflections on probation practice. Irish Probation Journal, 17, 183–190. https://www.pbni.org.uk/publication/ipj-vol-17-covid-19-pandemic-practitioner-reflections-probation-practice.
- Nyingi, J. (2020, June 16). The 77 Percent: COVID 19 disrupts criminal justice system. DW.COM. Retrieved 17 September 2020, from https://www.dw.com/en/the-77-percent-covid-19-disrupts-criminal-justice-system/av-54197699
- Oxford Policy Management and United Nations. (2020). Social impact assessment of COVID-19 in Thailand. United Nations.
- Paparozzi, M. A., & Gendreau, P. (2005). An intensive supervision program that worked: Service delivery, professional orientation, and organizational supportiveness. The Prison Journal, 85(4), 445–466. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885505281529
- Phillips, J., Westaby, C., Ainslie, S., & Fowler, A. (2021). ‘I don’t like this job in my front room’: Practising probation in the COVID-19 pandemic. Probation Journal, 68(4), 426–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/02645505211050867
- Schwalbe, C. S., & Koetzle, D. (2021). What the COVID-19 pandemic teaches about the essential practices of community corrections and supervision. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 48(9), 1300–1316. https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548211019073
- Schwalbe, C. S., & Maschi, T. (2011). Confronting delinquency: Probations officers’ use of coercion and client-centered tactics to foster youth compliance. Crime and Delinquency, 57(5), 801–822. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128709335150
- Schwartz, K., Alexander, A. O., Lau, K. S., Holloway, E. D., & Aalsma, M. C. (2017). Motivating compliance: Juvenile probation officer strategies and skills. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 56(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2016.1257532
- Sheth, J. (2020). Business of business is more than business: Managing during the Covid crisis. Industrial Marketing Management, 88(A1–A6), 261–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.028
- Sinthunawa, P. (2011). Roles of probation officers during pre-investigation. Department of Probation, Ministry of Justice.
- Sirdfield, C., Nichols, H., & Mullen, P. (2022). Probation and COVID-19: Lessons learned to improve health-related practice. Probation Journal, 69(2), 216–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/02645505221087980
- Stempkowski, M., & Grafl, C. (2021). Probationary services in a pandemic. Results from an empirical study in Austria. Probation Journal, 68(4), 444–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/02645505211050863
- Sturm, A., Robbers, S., Henskens, R., & de Vogel, V. (2021). ‘Yes, I can hear you now … ’ Online working with probationers in the Netherlands: New opportunities for the working alliance. Probation Journal, 68(4), 411–425. https://doi.org/10.1177/02645505211050869
- Swan, H., Campbell, W., & Lowe, N. (2020). Pandemic preparedness and response among community supervision agencies: The Importance of partnerships for future planning.The Journal of the American Probation and Parole Association: Perspectives, 44 (4), 14–21. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.abtassociates.com/insights/publications/white-paper/covid-19s-impact-on-community-supervision
- Thailand Institute of Justice. (2020, March 31). Report on the Covid-19 situation in prison and policy recommendations for Thailand. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://knowledge.tijthailand.org/en/publication/detail/-situation-report-and-policy-recommendations-for-covin-in-prison#book/9
- UNICEF. (2021, October 8). COVID-19 pandemic continues to drive poor mental health among children and young people. [Press release]. https://www.unicef.org/thailand/press-releases/covid-19-pandemic-continues-drive-poor-mental-health-among-children-and-young-people
- Viglione, J., Alward, L. M., Lockwood, A., & Bryson, S. (2020). Adaptations to COVID-19 in community corrections agencies across the United States. Victims & Offenders, 15(7–8), 1277–1297. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2020.1818153
- Viglione, J., Rudes, D. S., & Taxman, F. S. (2017). Probation officer use of client-centered communication strategies in adult probation settings. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 56(1), 38–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2016.1257534
- Williams, C. (2020, June 1). Pandemic forces big changes for jails and prisons. Spectrum Local News. Retrieved 17 September 2020, from https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/news/2020/05/26/how-the-pandemic-has-changed-the-criminal-justice-system–part-three
- The World Bank. (2021, November 12). Monitoring the Impact of COVID-19 in Thailand. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/thailand/publication/monitoring-the-impact-of-covid-19-in-thailand
- World Health Organization. (2022, February 7). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. With Vaccination Data. Retrieved February 2022, from https://covid19.who.int/