349
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Coastally-adapted: A developing model for coastal Paleoindian sites on the North American eastern continental shelf

Pages 150-169 | Received 24 Mar 2020, Accepted 27 Jul 2020, Published online: 21 Sep 2020

References

  • Álvarez-Fernández, E., R.-P. Carriol, J. F. Jordá, J. E. Aura, B. Avezuela, E. Badal, Y. Carrión, J. García-Guinea, A. Maestro, J. V. Morales, et al. 2014. Occurrence of whale barnacles in Nerja Cave (Málaga, southern Spain): Indirect evidence of whale consumption by humans in the Upper Magdalenian. Quaternary International 337:163–9. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.01.014
  • Anderson, D. G. 1995. Paleoindain interaction networks in the Eastern Woodlands. In Native American interaction: Multiscalar analyses and interpretations in the Eastern Woodlands, ed. M. S. Nassaney and K. E. Sassaman, 1–26. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
  • Anderson, D. G. 1996. Models of Paleoindian and Early Archaic settlements in the Lower Southeast. In The Paleoindian and Early Archaic Southeast, ed. D. G. Anderson and K. E. Sassaman, 29–57. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
  • Anderson, D. G., and J. C. Gillam. 2000. Paleoindian colonization of the Americas: Implications from an examination of physiography, demography, and artifact distribution. American Antiquity 65 (1):43–66. doi:10.2307/2694807
  • Anderson, D. G., D. S. Miller, S. J. Yerka, and M. K. Faught. 2005. Paleoindian database of the Americas: Update 2005. 22:91-92. Current Research in the Pleistocene 22:91–2.
  • Anderson, D. G., and K. E. Sassaman. 1996. Modeling Paleoindian and Early Archaic settlement in the Southeast: A historical perspective. In The Paleoindian and Early Archaic Southeast, ed. D. G. Anderson and K. E. Sassaman, 16–28. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
  • Avery, G., D. Halkett, J. Orton, T. E. Steele, M. Tusenius, and R. G. Klein. 2008. The Ysterfontein 1 Middle Stone Age rock shelter and the evolution of coastal foraging. South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Seriesx 10:66–89.
  • Bailey, G., and N. Flemming. 2008. Archaeology of the continental shelf: Marine resources, submerged landscapes and underwater archaeology. Quaternary Science Reviews 27 (23-24):2153–65. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.08.012
  • Bard, E., B. Hamelin, M. Arnold, and D. Buigues. 1990. 230Th/234U and 14C ages obtained by mass spectrometry on corals from Mururoa Atoll, French Polynesia. Radiocarbon 33 (2):173.
  • Bearez, P., D. Jackson, and M. Noemy. 2015. Early Archaic fishing (12,600–9,200 cal yr BP) in the Semiarid North Coast of Chile. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 10 (1):133–48. doi:10.1080/15564894.2014.940096
  • Benjamin, J. 2010. Submerged prehistoric landscapes and underwater site discovery: Reevaluating the ‘Danish Model’ for international practice. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 5 (2):253–70. doi:10.1080/15564894.2010.506623.
  • Benjamin, J., A. Rovere, A. Fontana, S. Furlani, M. Vacchi, R. H. Inglis, E. Galili, F. Antonioli, D. Sivan, S. Miko, et al. 2017. Late Quaternary sea-level changes and early human societies in the central and eastern Mediterranean Basin: An interdisciplinary review. Quaternary International 449:29–57. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2017.06.025
  • Binford, L. R. 1967. Smudge pits and hide smoking: The use of analogy in archaeological reasoning. American Antiquity 32 (1):1–12. doi:10.2307/278774
  • Binford, L. R. 1980. Willow smoke and dogs’ tails: Hunter-gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation. American Antiquity 45 (01):4–20. doi:10.2307/279653
  • Brenna, J. T., and S. E. Carlson. 2014. Docosahexaenoic acid and human brain development: Evidence that a dietary supply is needed for optimal development. Journal of Human Evolution 77:99–106. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.017
  • Brink, J. S., and H. J. Deacon. 1982. A study of a last interglacial shell midden and bone accumulation at Herolds Bay, Cape Province, South Africa. Palaeoecology of Africa 15: 9–31.
  • Brown, K. S., C. W. Marean, A. I. R. Herries, Z. Jacobs, C. Tribolo, D. Braun, D. L. Roberts, M. C. Meyer, and J. Bernatchez. 2009. Fire as an engineering tool of early modern humans. Science 325 (5942):859–62. doi:10.1126/science.1175028
  • Carrier, B., N. DeLong, W. Hoffman, and W. Sassorossi. 2017. North Carolina Collaborative Archaeological Survey: Kitty Hawk Wind Energy Area. OCS Study BOEM2017-070. Final Report to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, U.S. Department of the Interior.
  • Colonese, A. C., D. Lo Vetro, W. Landini, Z. Di Giuseppe, N. Hausmann, B. Demarchi, C. d’Angelo, M. J. Leng, A. Incarbona, A. C. Whitwood, et al. 2018. Late Pleistocene-Holocene coastal adaptation in central Mediterranean: Snapshots from Grotta d’Oriente (NW Sicily). Quaternary International 493:114–26. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.06.018
  • Colonese, A. C., M. Mannino, D. Bar-Yosef, D. Fa, C. Finlayson, D. Lubell, and M. Stiner. 2011. Marine mollusc exploitation in Mediterranean prehistory: An overview. Quaternary International 239 (1-2):86–103. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.09.001
  • Colonese, A. C., and B. Wilkens. 2005. The malacofauna of the Upper Palaeolithic levels at Grotta della Seratura (Salerno, southern Italy), preliminary data. In Archaeomalacology: Molluscs in former environments of human behaviour, ed. D. Bar Yosef, 63–70. Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books.
  • Cortés-Sánchez, M., A. Morales-Muñiz, M. D. Simón-Vallejo, M. C. Lozano-Francisco, J. L. Vera-Peláez, C. Finlayson, J. Rodríguez-Vidal, A. Delgado-Huertas, F. J. Jiménez-Espejo, F. Martínez-Ruiz, et al. 2011. Earliest known use of marine resources by Neanderthals. PLoS One 6 (9):e24026. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024026
  • Crawford, M. 2010. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human evolution. In Human brain evolution, ed. S. C. Cunnane and K. M. Stewart, 13–31. NJ: Wiley and Sons.
  • Dibble, H., V. Aldeias, E. Alvarez-Fernandez, B. A. B. Blackwell, E. Hallett-Desguez, Z. Jacobs, P. Goldberg, S. C. Lin, A. Morala, M. C. Meyer, et al. 2012. New excavations at the site of Contrebandiers Cave, Morocco. PaleoAnthropology 2012:145–e201.
  • Dillehay, T. D., S. Goodbred, M. Pino, V. F. Vásquez Sánchez, T. R. Tham, J. Adovasio, M. B. Collins, P. J. Netherly, C. A. Hastorf, K. L. Chiou, et al. 2017. Simple technologies and diverse food strategies of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene at Huaca Prieta, Coastal Peru. Science Advances 3 (5):e1602778. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602778
  • Dillehay, T. D., and P. Kaulicke, eds. 2011. From foraging to farming in the Andes: New perspectives on food production and social organization. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dillehay, T. D., C. Ramírez, M. Pino, M. B. Collins, J. Rossen, and J. D. Pino-Navarro. 2008. Monte Verde: Seaweed, food, medicine, and the peopling of South America. Science 320 (5877):784–6. doi:10.1126/science.1156533
  • Dixon, E. J. 1999. Bones, boats, and bison. Albuquerque, NM: The University of New Mexico Press.
  • Duggins, R. M. 2012. Florida’s Paleoindian and Early Archaic: A GIS approach to modeling submerged landscapes and site distribution on the Continental Shelf. PhD diss., Florida State University.
  • Duggins, R. M., F. Price, M. Price, I. Mollema, N. Puckett, and P. S. McFadden. 2018. Manasota key offshore: A prehistoric cemetery in the Gulf of Mexico. Paper presented at the 51st Annual Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, New Orleans, LA, January 7.
  • Durante, S., and F. Settepassi. 1972. I molluschi del giacimento quaternario della grotta della Madonna Praia a Mare (Calabria). Quaternaria 16:255–69.
  • Engelhart, S. E., and B. P. Horton. 2012. Holocene sea level database for the Atlantic coast of the United States. Quaternary Science Reviews 54:12–25. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.013
  • Erlandson, J. M., and N. Jew. 2009. An early maritime biface technology at Daisy Cave, San Miguel Island, California: Reflections on sample size, site function, and other issues. North American Archaeologist 30 (2):145–65. doi:10.2190/NA.30.2.c.
  • Erlandson, J. M., and T. J. Braje. 2015. Coasting out of Africa: The potential of mangrove forests and marine habitats to facilitate human coastal expansion via the Southern Dispersal Route. Quaternary International 382:31–41. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.046
  • Erlandson, J. M., T. C. Rick, T. J. Braje, M. Casperson, B. Culleton, B. Fulfrost, T. Garcia, D. A. Guthrie, N. Jew, D. J. Kennett, et al. 2011. Paleoindian seafaring, maritime technologies, and coastal foraging on California's Channel Islands. Science 331 (6021):1181–5. doi:10.1126/science.1201477
  • Fairbanks, R. G. 1989. A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea-level record; influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation. Nature 342 (6250):637–42. doi:10.1038/342637a0
  • Faught, M. K. 2017. Where was the PaleoAmerind standstill? Quaternary International 444:10–8. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2017.04.038
  • Faure, H., R. C. Walter, and D. R. Grant. 2002. The coastal Ice Age springs on emerged continental shelves. Global and Planetary Change 33 (1-2):47–56. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00060-7
  • Fisher, E. C., M. Bar-Matthews, A. Jerardino, and C. W. Marean. 2010. Middle and Late Pleistocene paleoscape modeling along the southern coast of South Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews 29 (11-12):1382–98. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.01.015
  • Gardner, W. M. 1983. Stop me if you‘ve heard this one before: The Flint Run PaleoIndian complex revisited. Archaeology of eastern North America 11:49–59.
  • Goodyear, A. C. 1979. A hypothesis for the use of cryptocrystalline raw materials among Paleo- Indian groups of North America. South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology. Research Manuscript Series 156: 1–15.
  • Grine, F. E., R. G. Klein, and T. P. Volman. 1991. Dating, archaeology and human fossils from the Middle Stone Age levels of Die Kelders, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 21 (5):363–95. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484. (91)90113-A. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(91)90113-A
  • Grøn, O., L. O. Boldreel, J.-P. Hermand, H. Rasmussen, A. Dell'Anno, D. Cvikel, E. Galili, B. Madsen, and E. Nørmark. 2018. Detecting human-knapped flint with marine high-resolution reflection seismics: A preliminary study of new possibilities for subsea mapping of submerged Stone Age sites. Underwater Technology 35 (2):35–49. doi:10.3723/ut.35.035
  • Halligan, J. J., M. R. Waters, A. Perrotti, I. J. Owens, J. M. Feinberg, M. D. Bourne, B. Fenerty, B. Winsborough, D. Carlson, D. C. Fisher, et al. 2016. Pre-Clovis occupation 14,550 years ago at the Page-Ladson site, Florida, and the peopling of the Americas. Science Advances 2 (5):e1600375. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600375
  • Hearty, P. J., J. T. Hollin, A. C. Neumann, M. J. O’Leary, and M. McCulloch. 2007. Global sea-level fluctuations during the last interglaciation (MIS 5e). Quaternary Science Reviews 26 (17-18):2090–112. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.06.019
  • Henshilwood, C. S., F. d'Errico, K. L. van Niekerk, Y. Coquinot, Z. Jacobs, S.-E. Lauritzen, M. Menu, and R. García-Moreno. 2011. A 100,000-year-old ochre-processing workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa. Science 334 (6053):219–22. doi:10.1126/science.1211535
  • Hutton, J. 1785. The 1785 abstract of James Hutton’s theory of the earth. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press.
  • Jackson, D., C. Méndez, M. Pierre, E. Aspillaga, and G. Politis. 2015. Direct dates and mtDNA of Late Pleistocene human skeletons from South America: A comment on Chatters et al. (2014). PaleoAmerica 1 (3):213–6. doi:10.1179/2055557115Y.0000000004
  • Jerardino, A., and C. W. Marean. 2010. Shellfish gathering, marine paleoecology and modern human behavior: Perspectives from cave PP13B, Pinnacle Point, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 59 (3-4):412–24. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.003
  • Joy, S. 2019. The trouble with the curve: Reevaluating the Gulf of Mexico sea-level curve. Quaternary International 525:103–13. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.07.023
  • Keefer, D. K., S. D. deFrance, M. E. Moseley, J. B. Richardson, D. R. Satterlee, and A. Day-Lewis. 1998. Early maritime economy and El Nino events at Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru. Science 281 (5384):1833–5. doi:10.1126/science.281.5384.1833
  • Kelley, J. T., D. F. Belknap, and S. Claesson. 2010. Drowned coastal deposits with associated archaeological remains from a sea-level slowstand: Northwestern Gulf of Maine, USA. Geology 38 (8):695–8. doi:10.1130/G31002.1
  • Kelly, R. L., and L. C. Todd. 1988. Coming into the country: Early Paleoindian hunting and mobility. American Antiquity 53 (2):231–44. doi:10.2307/281017
  • Klein, R. G., K. Cruz-Uribe, D. Halkett, T. Hart, and J. E. Parkington. 1999. Paleoenvironmental and human behavioral implications of the Boegoeberg 1 Late Pleistocene Hyena Den, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Quaternary Research 52 (3):393–403. doi:10.1006/qres.1999.2068
  • Klein, R. G., and K. Scott. 1986. Re-analysis of faunal assemblages from the Haua Fteah and other Late Quaternary sites in Cyrenaican Libya. Journal of Archaeological Science 13 (6):515–42. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(86)90038-5
  • Kyriacou, K., J. E. Parkington, A. D. Marais, and D. R. Braun. 2014. Nutrition, modernity and the archaeological record: Coastal resources and nutrition among Middle Stone Age hunter-gatherers on the Western Cape coast of South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 77:64–73. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.024
  • Lambeck, K., H. Rouby, A. Purcell, Y. Sun, and M. Sambridge. 2014. Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (43):15296–303. doi:10.1073/pnas.1411762111
  • Mandryk, C. A. S., H. Josenhans, D. W. Fedje, and R. W. Mathewes. 2001. Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of Northwestern North America: Implications for inland versus coastal migration routes. Quaternary Science Reviews 20 (1-3):301–14. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00115-3
  • Manne, T., and P. M. Veth. 2015. Late Pleistocene and early Holocene exploitation of estuarine communities in northwestern Australia. Quaternary International 385:112–23. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.12.049
  • Marean, C. W. 2010. Pinnacle Point Cave 13B (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in context: The Cape Floral kingdom, shellfish, and modern human origins. Journal of Human Evolution 59 (3-4):425–43. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.011
  • Marean, C. W. 2014. The origins and significance of coastal resource use in Africa and Western Eurasia. Journal of Human Evolution 77:17–40. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.025
  • Marean, C. W., M. Bar-Matthews, J. Bernatchez, E. Fisher, P. Goldberg, A. I. R. Herries, Z. Jacobs, A. Jerardino, P. Karkanas, T. Minichillo, et al. 2007. Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene. Nature 449 (7164):905–8. doi:10.1038/nature06204
  • Marean, C. W., M. Bar-Matthews, E. Fisher, P. Goldberg, A. Herries, P. Karkanas, P. J. Nilssen, and E. Thompson. 2010. The stratigraphy of the Middle Stone Age sediments at Pinnacle Point Cave 13B (Mossel Bay, Western Cape Province, South Africa). Journal of Human Evolution 59 (3-4):234–55. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.007
  • Martin, P. S. 1973. The discovery of America: The first Americans may have swept the Western Hemisphere and decimated its fauna within 1000 years. Science 179 (4077):969–74. doi:10.1126/science.179.4077.969
  • Miller, D. S., and S. Carmondy. 2016. Colonization after Clovis: Using the ideal free distribution to interpret the distribution of Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene archaeological sites in the Duck River Valley, Tennessee. Tennessee Archaeology 8 (1-2):78–101.
  • Morse, K. 1988. Mandu Mandu Creek rockshelter: Pleistocene human coastal occupation of North West Cape, Western Australia. Archaeology in Oceania 23 (3):81–8. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1988.tb00193.x
  • Pedersen, M. W., A. Ruter, C. Schweger, H. Friebe, R. A. Staff, K. K. Kjeldsen, M. L. Z. Mendoza, A. B. Beaudoin, C. Zutter, N. K. Larsen, et al. 2016. Postglacial viability and colonization in North America's ice-free corridor. Nature 537 (7618):45–9. doi:10.1038/nature19085
  • Peltier, W. R. 2004. Glacial isostasy and the surface of the ice-age earth : The ICE-5 G (VM 2) model and GRACE. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 32 (1):111–49. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.32.082503.144359
  • Perlès, C. 1999. Long-term perspectives on the occupation of the Franchthi Cave: Continuity and discontinuity. British School at Athens Studies no. 3. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the ICOPAG Conference, Ioannina, Greece, 311–18.
  • Richardson, J. B. 1998. Looking in the right places: Pre-5000 B.P. maritime adaptations in Peru and the changing environment. Revista de Arqueolog´ıa Americana 15:35–6.
  • Robinson, D., B. Ford, H. Herbster, and J. Waller. 2004. Marine archaeological reconnaissance survey, Cape Wind Energy Project, Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts. Report prepared for Cape Wind Associates, LLC, Boston, MA. Report on file at PAL, Pawtucket, RI.
  • Roy, K., and W. R. Peltier. 2015. Glacial isostatic adjustment, relative sea level history and mantle viscosity: Reconciling relative sea level model predictions for the U.S. East coast with geological constraints. Geophysical Journal International 201 (2):1156–81. doi:10.1093/gji/ggv066
  • Sandweiss, D. H., H. McInnis, R. L. Burger, A. Cano, B. Ojeda, R. Paredes, M. d C. Sandweiss, and M. D. Glascock. 1998. Quebrada Jaguay: Early South American maritime adaptations. Science 281 (5384):1830–2. doi:10.1126/science.281.5384.1830
  • Sandweiss, D. H., J. B. Richardson, E. Reitz, J. Hsu, and R. Feldman. 1989. Early maritime adaptations in the Andes: Preliminary studies at the Ring Site, Peru. In Ecology, settlement, and history in the Osmore Drainage, Peru, ed. D. S. Rice, C. Standish, and P. R. Scarr, 35–84. Oxford, UK: British Archaeological Reports International Series 545.
  • Scheib, C. L., H. Li, T. Desai, V. Link, C. Kendall, G. Dewar, P. W. Griffith, A. Mörseburg, J. R. Johnson, A. Potter, et al. 2018. Ancient human parallel lineages within North America contributed to a coastal expansion. Science 360 (6392):1024–7. doi:10.1126/science.aar6851
  • Siddall, M., E. J. Rohling, A. Almogi-Labin, C. Hemleben, D. Meischner, I. Schmelzer, and D. A. Smeed. 2003. Sea-level fluctuations during the last glacial cycle. Nature 423 (6942):853–8. doi:10.1038/nature01690
  • Singer, R., and J. Wymer. 1982. The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Smith, M. W. 1956. The cultural development of the Northwest Coast. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 12 (3):272–94. doi:10.1086/soutjanth.12.3.3629085
  • Smith, M., S. Joy, and Y-j Kim. 2020. Fish or flint? A cursory examination of a method for identifying buried lithic artifacts underwater. Paper presented at the 53rd Annual Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, Boston, MA.
  • Stanford, D., D. Lowery, M. Jodry, B. A. Bradley, M. Kay, T. W. Stafford, and R. J. Speakman. 2015. New evidence for a possible Paleolithic occupation of the eastern North American continental shelf at the Last Glacial Maximum. In Prehistoric archaeology on the continental shelf: A global review, ed. A. M. Evans, J. C. Flatman, and N. C. Flemming, 73–93. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Starkovich, B. M., N. D. Munro, and M. C. Stiner. 2018. Terminal Pleistocene subsistence strategies and aquatic resource use in southern Greece. Quaternary International 465:162–76. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2017.11.015
  • Stiner, M. C. 1994. Honor among thieves: A zooarchaeological study of Neandertal ecology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Stiner, M. C. 1999. Trends in Paleolithic mollusk exploitation at Riparo Mochi (Balzi Rossi, Italy): Food and ornaments from the Aurignacian through Epigravettian. Antiquity 73 (282):735–54.
  • Stiner, M. C., N. D. Munro, and B. M. Starkovich. 2012. Material input rates and dietary breadth during the Upper Paleolithic through Mesolithic at Franchthi and Klissoura 1 Caves (Peloponnese, Greece). Quaternary International 275:30–42. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.08.006
  • Stringer, C. B., J. C. Finlayson, R. N. E. Barton, Y. Fernández-Jalvo, I. Cáceres, R. C. Sabin, E. J. Rhodes, A. P. Currant, J. Rodríguez-Vidal, F. Giles-Pacheco, et al. 2008. Neanderthal exploitation of marine mammals in Gibraltar. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (38):14319–24. doi:10.1073/pnas.0805474105
  • Thulman, D. K. 2009. Freshwater availability as the constraining factor in the Middle Paleoindian occupation of North-Central Florida. Geoarchaeology 24 (3):243–76. doi:10.1002/gea.20268
  • Thulman, D. K. 2018. Discerning Early Archaic Bolen Territories using geometric morphometrics. In Early human life on the Southeastern Coastal Plain, ed. C. Moore and A. Goodyear, Jr., 257–73. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press.
  • TRC Environmental Corporation. 2012. Inventory and analysis of archaeological site occurrence on the Atlantic outer continental shelf. OCS Study BOEM 2012-008. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, U.S. Department of the Interior, New Orleans, LA.
  • Veth, P., K. Aplin, L. Wallis, T. Manne, T. Pulsford, E. White, and A. Chappel. 2007. The archaeology of Montebello Islands, North-West Australia: Late Quaternary foragers on an arid coastline. Oxford, UK: Archaeopress.
  • Veth, P., I. Ward, T. Manne, S. Ulm, K. Ditchfield, J. Dortch, F. Hook, F. Petchey, A. Hogg, D. Questiaux, et al. 2017. Early human occupation of a maritime desert, Barrow Island, North-West Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews 168:19–29. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.05.002
  • Waelbroeck, C., L. Labeyrie, E. Michel, J. C. Duplessy, J. F. McManus, K. Lambeck, E. Balbon, and M. Labracherie. 2002. Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (1-3):295–305. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00101-9
  • Waters, M. R., S. L. Forman, T. A. Jennings, L. C. Nordt, S. G. Driese, J. M. Feinberg, J. L. Keene, J. Halligan, A. Lindquist, J. Pierson, et al. 2011. The Buttermilk Creek complex and the origins of Clovis at the Debra L. Friedkin Site, Texas. Science 331 (6024):1599–603. doi:10.1126/science.1201855
  • Waters, M. 1992. Principles of geoarchaeology: A North American perspective. Accessed February 21, 2017. https://www.uapress.arizona.edu/Books/bid503.htm.
  • Will, M., A. W. Kandel, K. Kyriacou, and N. J. Conard. 2016. An evolutionary perspective on coastal adaptations by modern humans during the Middle Stone Age of Africa. Quaternary International 404:68–86. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.021
  • Will, M., J. E. Parkington, A. W. Kandel, and N. J. Conard. 2013. Coastal adaptations and the Middle Stone Age lithic assemblages from Hoedjiespunt 1 in the Western Cape, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 64 (6):518–37. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.02.012
  • Williams, A. N., S. Ulm, T. Sapienza, S. Lewis, and C. S. M. Turney. 2018. Sea-level change and demography during the last glacial termination and early Holocene across the Australian continent. Quaternary Science Reviews 182:144–54. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.030
  • Wilson, C., L. Scotto, J. Scarpa, A. Volety, S. Laramore, and D. Haunert. 2005. Survey of water quality, oyster reproduction and oyster health status in the St. Lucie Estuary. 24:157–165. Journal of Shellfish Research 24:157–65.
  • Zilhão, J., D. E. Angelucci, E. Badal-García, F. d'Errico, F. Daniel, L. Dayet, K. Douka, T. F. G. Higham, M. J. Martínez-Sánchez, R. Montes-Bernárdez, et al. 2010. Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 (3):1023–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914088107

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.