199
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Mineralogical Characteristics of the Ashes Derived from the Combustion of Lignite, Coal Washery Rejects, and Mustard Stalk

, &
Pages 2072-2085 | Received 30 Jul 2010, Accepted 16 Oct 2010, Published online: 05 Sep 2013

REFERENCES

  • ASTM . 1999 . ASTM C618–99: Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use as mineral admixture in concrete , Philadelphia , PA : ASTM International .
  • Baxter , L. L. 1993 . Ash deposition during biomass and coal combustion—A mechanistic approach. . Biomass & Bioenergy , 4 : 85 – 102 .
  • Capablo , J. , Jensen , P. A. , Pedersen , K. H. , Hjuler , K. , Nikolaisen , L. , Backman , R. and Frandsen , F. 2009 . Ash properties of alternative biomass. . Energy Fuels , 23 : 1965 – 1976 .
  • Coal India Limited (CIL) . 2007 . Coal Reserves in India. Available at: http//www.coalindia.nic.in/coalreserve.htm
  • Demibras , A. 2004 . Combustion characteristics of different biomass fuels. . Progr. Energy Combus. Sci. , 30 : 219 – 230 .
  • Frandsen , F. J. 2005 . Utilising biomass and waste for power production—A decade of contributing to the understanding, interpretation and analysis of deposits and corrosion products. . Fuel , 84 : 1277 – 1294 .
  • Hatt , R. Correlating the slagging of a utility boiler with coal characteristics. Proceedings of the Engineering Foundation Conference on Applications of Advanced Technology to Ash-Related Problems in Boilers . Edited by: Baxter , L. and DeSollar , R. pp. 237 – 244 . New York : Springer .
  • Jenkins , B. M. , Baxter , L. L. , Miles , T. R. , Miles , T. R. Jr. , Oden , L. L. , Bryers , R. W. and Winther , E. Composition of ash deposits in biomass fueled boilers: Results of full-scale experiments and laboratory simulations. ASAE International Summer Meeting . June 19–24 , Kansas City , KS .
  • Jensen , P. A. , Frandsen , F. J. , Hansen , J. , Dam-Johansen , K. , Henriksen , N. and Hörlyck , S. 2004 . SEM investigation of superheater deposits from biomass-fired boilers. . Energy Fuels , 18 : 378 – 384 .
  • Jimenez , S. and Ballester , J. 2007 . Formation of alkali sulphate aerosols in biomass combustion. . Fuel , 86 : 486 – 493 .
  • Khan , A. A. , de Jong , W. , Jansens , P. and Spleithoff , J. 2009 . Biomass combustion in fluidized bed: Potential problems and remedies. . Fuel Proc. Technol. , 90 : 21 – 56 .
  • Kolay , P. K. and Singh , D. N. 2001 . Physical, chemical, mineralogical and thermal properties of cenospheres from an ash lagoon. . Cem. Concr. Res. , 31 : 539 – 542 .
  • Koukouzasa , N. , Ward , C. R. , Papanikolaou , D. , Li , Z. and Ketikidis , C. 2009 . Quantitative evaluation of minerals in fly ashes of biomass, coal and biomass-coal mixture derived from circulating fluidized bed combustion technology. . J. Hazard. Mater. , 169 : 100 – 107 .
  • Li , Z. , Ward , C. R. and Gurba , L. W. 2007 . Occurrence of non-mineral inorganics in Australian coal macerals as shown by electron microprobe element mapping techniques. . Int. J. Coal Geol. , 70 : 137 – 149 .
  • Mishra , M. K. , Ragland , W. K. and Baker , A. J. 1993 . Wood ash composition as a function of furnace temperature. . Biomass & Bioenergy , 4 : 103 – 116 .
  • Neville , M. and Sarofim , A. F. 1985 . The fate of sodium during pulverized coal combustion. . Fuel , 64 : 384 – 390 .
  • Nordin , A. 1994 . Chemical elemental characteristics of biomass fuels. . Bioresource & Bioenergy , 6 : 339 – 347 .
  • Olanders , B. and Steenari , B. M. 1995 . Characterization of ashes from wood and straw. . Biomass & Bioenergy , 8 : 105 – 115 .
  • Qafoku , N. P. , Kukier , U. , Sumner , M. E. , Miller , W. P. and Radcliffe , D. E. 1999 . Arsenate displacement from fly ash in amended soils. . Water, Air & Soil Pollut. , 114 : 185 – 198 .
  • Ram , L. C. 1992 . Moessbauer spectroscopic and gamma radiolytic studies of some Indian coals , Ph.D. Thesis Varanasi , , India : Banaras Hindu University .
  • Ram , L. C. and Masto , R. E. 2010 . An appraisal of the potential use of fly ash for reclaiming coal mine spoil. . J. Env. Manage. , 91 : 603 – 617 .
  • Ram , L. C. , Srivastava , N. K. , Tripathi , R. C. , Thakur , S. K. , Sinha , A. K. and Jha , S. K. 2007 . Leaching behavior of lignite fly ash with shake and column tests. . Environ. Geol. , 51 : 1119 – 1132 .
  • Ram , L. C. , Tripathi , P. S. M. and Mishra , S. P. 1995 . Moessbauer spectroscopic characterization and studies on their transformations of iron-bearing minerals during combustion of coals: correlation with fouling and slagging. . Fuel Process Technol. , 42 : 47 – 60 .
  • Schumann , A. W. and Sumner , M. E. 2000 . Chemical evaluation of nutrient supply from fly ash-biosolids mixtures. . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 64 : 419 – 426 .
  • Singh , S. , Ram , L. C. , Masto , R. E. and Verma , S. K. 2011 . A comparative evaluation of minerals and trace elements in the ashes from lignite, coal refuse, and biomass fired power plants . Int. J. Coal Geol. , 87 : 112 – 120 .
  • Sykes , R. and Lindqvist , J. K. 1993 . Diagenetic quartz and amorphous silica in New Zealand coals. . Organ. Geochem. , 20 : 855 – 866 .
  • Umamaheswaran , K. and Batra , V. S. 2008 . Physico-chemical characterization of Indian biomass ashes. . Fuel , 87 : 628 – 638 .
  • Vamuka , D. and Kakra , F. 2011 . Ash properties and environmental impact of various biomass and coal fuels and their glands. . Fuel Proc. Technol. , 92 : 570 – 581 .
  • van Dyk , J. C. , Melzer , S. and Sobiecki , A. 2006 . Mineral matter transformation during Sasol-Lurgi fixed bed dry bottom gasification: Utilization of HT-XRD and FactSage modeling. . Miner. Eng. , 19 : 1126 – 1135 .
  • Vassilev , S. V. , Baxter , D. , Anderson , L. K. and Vassileva , C. G. 2010 . An overview of the chemical composition of biomass. . Fuel , 89 : 913 – 933 .
  • Vassileva , C. G. and Vassilev , S. V. 2006 . Behaviour of inorganic matter during heating of Bulgarian coals. 2. Sub bituminous and bituminous coals. . Fuel Proc. Technol. , 87 : 1095 – 1116 .
  • Venkatesh , S. and Krishnaveni , M. 2011 . Power Fluctuations–usage of servo voltage stabilizers in industries. . Int. J. of Appl. Eng. Res. , 2 : 283 – 289 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.