A simulation study on a port-injection SI engine fueled with hydroxy-enriched biogas

References

• Ahmed, S. A., S. Zhou, S. Tsegay, N. Ahmad, and Y. Zhu. 2020. Effects of hydrogen-enriched biogas on combustion and emission of a dual-fuel diesel engine. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1736694
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Rousan, A. A. 2010. Reduction of fuel consumption in gasoline engines by introducing HHO gas into intake manifold. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35 (23):12930–35. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Rousan, A. A., and A. Sa’ed. 2018. Effect of anodes-cathodes inter-distances of HHO fuel cell on gasoline engine performance operating by a blend of HHO. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43(41):19213–21. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arjun, T. B., K. P. Atul, A. P. Muraleedharan, P. A. Walton, P. B. Bijinraj, and A. A. Raj. 2019. A review on analysis of HHO gas in IC engines. Materials Today: Proceedings 11:1117–29. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2018.12.046.
   Google Scholar
• Babariya, D., J. Oza, B. Hirani, and G. Akbari. 2015. An experimental analysis of SI engine performance with hho as a fuel. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 4 (4):12.
   Google Scholar
• Balibar, S. 2017. Energy transitions after COP21 and 22. Comptes Rendus Phys ique 18 (7–8):479–87. doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boretti, A. 2010. Comparison of fuel economies of high efficiency diesel and hydrogen engines powering a compact car with a flywheel based kinetic energy recovery systems. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35 (16):8417–24. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.05.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bui, V. G., T. M. T. Bui, V. D. Nguye, and V. H. Bui. 2020. Analysis of combustion and Nox formation in a SI engine fueled with HHO enriched biogas. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 19 (5):317–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bui, V. G., V. H. Nguyen, T. M. T. Bùi, and B. Van Hung. 2015. Utilization of poor biogas as fuel for hybrid biogas-diesel dual fuel stationary engine. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research 5 (4):1007–1015.
   Google Scholar
• Bui, V. G., V. N. Tran, M. T. Le, and T. M. T. Bui. 2014. Combustion analysis of biogas premixed charge diesel dual fuelled engine. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology 3(11):188–194.
   Google Scholar
• Cao, D. N., A. T. Hoang, H. Q. Luu, V. G. Bui, and T. T. H. Tran. 2020. Effects of injection pressure on the NOx and PM emission control of diesel engine: A review under the aspect of PCCI combustion condition. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 1–18. doi:10.1080/15567036.2020.1754531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, K., and K.-M. Chun. 2013. Combustion characteristics and generating efficiency using biogas with added hydrogen. In SAE technical paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2506
   Google Scholar
• EL-Kassaby, M. M., Y. A. Eldrainy, M. E. Khidr, and K. I. Khidr. 2016. Effect of hydroxy (HHO) gas addition on gasoline engine performance and emissions. Alexandria Engineering Journal 55 (1):243–51. doi:10.1016/j.aej.2015.10.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gad, M.S., El-Fakharany, M.K., and Elsharkawy, E.A. 2020. Effect of HHO gas enrichment on performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled by biodiesel blend with kerosene additive. Fuel 280. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118632
   Google Scholar
• Glassman, I., R. A. Yetter, and N. G. Glumac. 2014. Combustion. Elsevier, UK: Academic press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoang, A. T. 2018. Prediction of the density and viscosity of biodiesel and the influence of biodiesel properties on a diesel engine fuel supply system. Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology 1–13. doi:10.1080/20464177.2018.1532734.
   Google Scholar
• Hoang, A. T., A. T. Le, and V. V. Pham. 2019. A core correlation of spray characteristics, deposit formation, and combustion of a high-speed diesel engine fueled with Jatropha oil and diesel fuel. Fuel 244:159–75. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoang, A. T., and D. C. Nguyen. 2018. Properties of DMF-fossil gasoline RON95 blends in the consideration as the alternative fuel. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 8 (6):2555–60. doi:10.18517/ijaseit.8.6.7214.
   Google Scholar
• Hoang, A. T., Q. V. Tran, A. R. M. S. Al-Tawaha, V. V. Pham, and X. P. Nguyen. 2019. Comparative analysis on performance and emission characteristics of an in-Vietnam popular 4-stroke motorcycle engine running on biogasoline and mineral gasoline. Renewable Energy Focus 28:47–55. doi:10.1016/j.ref.2018.11.001.
   Google Scholar
• Hoang, A. T., T. H. Nguyen, and H. P. Nguyen. 2020. Scrap tire pyrolysis as a potential strategy for waste management pathway: A review. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects 1–18. doi:10.1080/15567036.2020.1745336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hora, T. S., and A. K. Agarwal. 2016. Effect of varying compression ratio on combustion, performance, and emissions of a hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas fuelled engine. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 31:819–28. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2016.03.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilbas, M., A. P. Crayford, I. Yılmaz, P. J. Bowen, and N. Syred. 2006. Laminar-burning velocities of hydrogen–air and hydrogen–methane–air mixtures: An experimental study. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 31 (12):1768–79. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.12.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, C., and S. Wang. 2010. Combustion and emissions performance of a hybrid hydrogen–gasoline engine at idle and lean conditions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35 (1):346–55. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.10.074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., N. Kawahara, K. Tsuboi, and E. Tomita. 2016. Combustion characteristics and NOX emissions of biogas fuels with various CO2 contents in a micro co-generation spark-ignition engine. Applied Energy 182:539–47. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolodynskij, V., P. Baltrėnas, and G. Dobele. 2020. Experimental research of biogas production by using a three-stage semi-continuous bioreactor with modified mixer. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1772909
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Anh, T., K. N. Duc, H. T. T. Thu, and T. C. Van. 2013. Improving performance and reducing pollution emissions of a carburetor gasoline engine by adding HHO gas into the intake manifold. In SAE technical paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0104
   Google Scholar
• Leelakrishnan, E., N. Lokesh, and H. Suriyan. 2013. Performance and emission characteristics of Brown’s gas enriched air in spark ignition engine. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2 (2):393–404.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, J., R. Song, S. Nasreen, and A. T. Hoang. 2019. Analysis of the complementary property of solar energy and thermal power based on coupling model. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 18 (5):1675–1681 .
   Google Scholar
• Musthafa, M. M. 2018. Biogas production and its application in compressed gas. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 40 (4):427–31. doi:10.1080/15567036.2017.1422055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nižetić, S., N. Djilali, A. Papadopoulos, and J. J. P. C. Rodrigues. 2019. Smart technologies for promotion of energy efficiency, utilization of sustainable resources and waste management. Journal of Cleaner Production 231:565–91. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozcanli, M., M. A. Akar, A. Calik, and H. Serin. 2017. Using HHO (Hydroxy) and hydrogen enriched castor oil biodiesel in compression ignition engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42 (36):23366–72. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, C. N., M. A. Modi, and T. M. Patel. April 2016. An experimental analysis of IC engine by using hydrogen blend. International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research 2(4):2455–11457.
   Google Scholar
• Patel, T., and A. Dubey. 2020. Investigation on the effect of intake air pressure in a biogas-diesel fueled dual-fuel engine. Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1785592
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porpatham, E., A. Ramesh, and B. Nagalingam. 2007. Effect of hydrogen addition on the performance of a biogas fuelled spark ignition engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 (12):2057–65. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajasekaran, T., K. Duraiswamy, M. Bharathiraja, and S. Poovaragavan. 2015. Characteristics of engine at various speed conditions by mixing of HHO with gasoline and LPG. Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences 10 (1):46–51.
   Google Scholar
• Rakopoulos, C. D., C. N. Michos, and E. G. Giakoumis. 2009. Thermodynamic analysis of SI engine operation on variable composition biogas-hydrogen blends using a quasi-dimensional, multi-zone combustion model. SAE International Journal of Engines 2 (1):880–910. doi:10.4271/2009-01-0931.
   Google Scholar
• Sahin, M. 2019. Combustion characteristics of various biogas flames under reduced oxygen concentration conditions. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 41 (19):2415–27. doi:10.1080/15567036.2019.1601796.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, D., D. K. Pathak, and K. Chhikara. 2015. Performance analysis of a four stroke multi-cylinder spark ignition engine powered by a hydroxy gas booster. Journal of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering 2:11–15.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, P. K., D. Sharma, S. L. Soni, A. Jhalani, D. Singh, and S. Sharma. 2020. Energy, exergy, and emission analysis of a hydroxyl fueled compression ignition engine under dual fuel mode. Fuel 265:116923. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116923.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian, B., and S. Ismail. 2018. Production and use of HHO gas in IC engines. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43 (14):7140–54. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.02.120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teimourian, A., A. Bahrami, H. Teimourian, M. Vala, and A. Oraj Huseyniklioglu. 2020. Assessment of wind energy potential in the southeastern province of Iran. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 42 (3):329–43. doi:10.1080/15567036.2019.1587079.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ga, B., N. Van Dong, and B. Van Hung. 2015. Turbulent burning velocity in combustion chamber of SI engine fueled with compressed biogas. Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 37 (3):205–16. doi:10.15625/0866-7136/37/3/5939.
   Google Scholar
• Van Ga, B., and P. Q. Thai. 2020. Soot emission reduction in a biogas-DME hybrid dual-fuel engine. Applied Sciences 10 (10):3416. doi:10.3390/app10103416.
   Google Scholar
• Van Ga, B., and T. Van Nam. 2014. Mixer design for high performance biogas SI engine converted from A diesel engine. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology ( IJERT, http://www.ijert.org) 3 (1):2743–60.
   Google Scholar
• Van Ga, B., T. Van Nam, B. T. M. Tu, and N. Q. Trung. 2018. Numerical simulation studies on performance, soot and NOx emissions of dual-fuel engine fuelled with hydrogen enriched biogas mixtures. IET Renewable Power Generation 12 (10):1111–18. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2017.0559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandyck, T., K. Keramidas, B. Saveyn, A. Kitous, and Z. Vrontisi. 2016. A global stocktake of the Paris pledges: Implications for energy systems and economy. Global Environmental Change 41:46–63. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.08.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, S., L. M. Das, and S. C. Kaushik. 2017. Effects of varying composition of biogas on performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine using exergy analysis. Energy Conversion and Management 138:346–59. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2017.01.066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vu, T. K. V., D. Q. Vu, L. S. Jensen, S. G. Sommer, and S. Bruun. 2015. Life cycle assessment of biogas production in small-scale household digesters in Vietnam. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 28 (5):716. doi:10.5713/ajas.14.0683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, C. M., R. R. Steeper, and A. E. Lutz. 2006. The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: A technical review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 31 (10):1292–305. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.12.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xin, Z., X. Jian, Z. Shizhuo, H. Xiaosen, and L. Jianhua. 2013. The experimental study on cyclic variation in a spark ignited engine fueled with biogas and hydrogen blends. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38 (25):11164–68. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar