References
- Abdulkareem, A. S., A. S. Afolabi, S. O. Ahanonu, and T. Mokrani. 2014. Effect of Treatment Methods on Used Lubricating Oil for Recycling Purposes. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 36 (9):966–73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2010.549920.
- Balki, M. K., C. Sayin, and M. Canakci. 2014. The effect of different alcohol fuels on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine. Fuel 115:901–06. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.09.020.
- Bhuiya, M., M. Rasul, M. Khan, and N. Ashwath. 2017. Performance and Emission Characteristics of Binary Mixture of Poppy and Waste Cooking Biodiesel. Energy Procedia 110:523–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.179.
- Cesur, İ., V. Ayhan, A. Parlak, Ö. Savaş, and Z. Aydin. 2014. The Effects of Different Fuels on Wear between Piston Ring and Cylinder. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6:503212. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/503212.
- Deng, B., J. Fu, D. Zhang, J. Yang, R. Feng, J. Liu, K. Li, and X. Liu. 2013. The heat release analysis of bio-butanol/gasoline blends on a high speed SI (spark ignition) engine. Energy 60:230–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.07.055.
- Elfasakhany, A. 2014. Experimental study on emissions and performance of an internal combustion engine fueled with gasoline and gasoline/n-butanol blends. Energy Conversion and Management 88:277–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.031.
- Elfasakhany, A. 2016. Performance and emissions analysis on using acetone–gasoline fuel blends in spark-ignition engine. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 19 (3):1224–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2016.02.002.
- Elfasakhany, A. 2017. Investigations on performance and pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines fueled with n-butanol–, isobutanol–, ethanol–, methanol–, and acetone–gasoline blends: A comparative study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 71:404–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.070.
- Elfasakhany, A. 2018. Exhaust emissions and performance of ternary iso-butanol–bio-methanol–gasoline and n-butanol–bio-ethanol–gasoline fuel blends in spark-ignition engines: Assessment and comparison. Energy 158:830–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.120.
- Fagundez, J. L. S., D. Golke, M. E. S. Martins, and N. P. G. Salau. 2019. An investigation on performance and combustion characteristics of pure n-butanol and a blend of n-butanol/ethanol as fuels in a spark ignition engine. Energy 176:521–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.010.
- Feng, R., J. Fu, J. Yang, Y. Wang, Y. Li, B. Deng, J. Liu, and D. Zhang. 2015. Combustion and emissions study on motorcycle engine fueled with butanol-gasoline blend. Renewable Energy 81:113–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.03.025.
- Fitch, J. Machinery Lubrication. 2020; Available from: https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/401/oil-engine-fuel-consumption. Accessed date: 21-03-2021.
- Gu, X., Z. Huang, J. Cai, J. Gong, X. Wu, and C.-F. Lee. 2012. Emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline-n-butanol blends in combination with EGR. Fuel 93:611–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.11.040.
- Haseeb, A. S. M. A., M. A. Fazal, M. I. Jahirul, and H. H. Masjuki. 2011. Compatibility of automotive materials in biodiesel: A review. Fuel 90 (3):922–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.10.042.
- Ijaz Malik, M. A., M. Usman, N. Hayat, S. W. H. Zubair, R. Bashir, and E. Ahmed. 2021. Experimental evaluation of methanol-gasoline fuel blend on performance, emissions and lubricant oil deterioration in SI engine. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13 (6):16878140211025213. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/16878140211025213.
- Khuong, L., H. Masjuki, N. Zulkifli, E. N. Mohamad, M. Kalam, A. Alabdulkarem, A. Arslan, M. Mosarof, A. Syahir, and M. Jamshaid. 2017. Effect of gasoline–bioethanol blends on the properties and lubrication characteristics of commercial engine oil. RSC Advances 7 (25):15005–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA00357A.
- Kurre, S. K., R. Garg, and S. Pandey. 2017. A review of biofuel generated contamination, engine oil degradation and engine wear. Biofuels 8 (2):273–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2016.1224291.
- Li, Y., J. Gong, Y. Deng, W. Yuan, J. Fu, and B. Zhang. 2017. Experimental comparative study on combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of methanol, ethanol and butanol in a spark ignition engine. Applied Thermal Engineering 115:53–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.12.037.
- Liaquat, A. M., H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, M. A. Fazal, A. F. Khan, H. Fayaz, and M. Varman. 2013. Impact of palm biodiesel blend on injector deposit formation. Applied Energy 111:882–93. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.06.036.
- Masum, B. M., M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, S. M. Palash, and I. M. R. Fattah. 2014a. Performance and emission analysis of a multi cylinder gasoline engine operating at different alcohol–gasoline blends. RSC Advances 4 (53):27898–904. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA04580G.
- Masum, B. M., M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, S. M. A. Rahman, and E. E. Daggig. 2014b. Impact of denatured anhydrous ethanol–gasoline fuel blends on a spark-ignition engine. RSC Advances 4 (93):51220–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA08130G.
- Masum, B. M., H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, S. M. Palash, and M. Habibullah. 2015. Effect of alcohol–gasoline blends optimization on fuel properties, performance and emissions of a SI engine. Journal of Cleaner Production 86:230–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.032.
- Mathai, R., R. K. Malhotra, K. A. Subramanian, and L. M. Das. 2012. Comparative evaluation of performance, emission, lubricant and deposit characteristics of spark ignition engine fueled with CNG and 18% hydrogen-CNG. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37 (8):6893–900. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.01.083.
- Mourad, M., and K. Mahmoud. 2019. Investigation into SI engine performance characteristics and emissions fuelled with ethanol/butanol-gasoline blends. Renewable Energy 143:762–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.064.
- Prehn, S., U. Schümann, V. Wichmann, and B. Buchholz. 2020. Effects of New Gasoline on the Aging of Lubricants. MTZ Worldwide 81 (1):66–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-019-0157-2.
- Pugazhendhi, A., T. Mathimani, S. Varjani, E. R. Rene, G. Kumar, S.-H. Kim, V. K. Ponnusamy, and -J.-J. Yoon. 2019. Biobutanol as a promising liquid fuel for the future - recent updates and perspectives. Fuel 253:637–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.139.
- Reitz, R. D., H. Ogawa, R. Payri, T. Fansler, S. Kokjohn, Y. Moriyoshi, A. K. Agarwal, D. Arcoumanis, D. Assanis, C. Bae, et al. 2019. IJER editorial: The future of the internal combustion engine. International Journal of Engine Research 21 (1):3–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419877990.
- Schifter, I., L. Diaz, J. P. Gómez, and U. Gonzalez. 2013. Combustion characterization in a single cylinder engine with mid-level hydrated ethanol–gasoline blended fuels. Fuel 103:292–98. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.002.
- Stepien, Z., W. Urzedowska, S. Oleksiak, and J. Czerwinski. 2011. Research on emissions and engine lube oil deterioration of diesel engines with biofuels (RME). SAE. International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 4 (1):125–38. doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1302.
- Thomas, R., M. Sreesankaran, J. Jaidi, D. M. Paul, and P. Manjunath. 2016. Experimental evaluation of the effect of compression ratio on performance and emission of SI engine fuelled with gasoline and n-butanol blend at different loads. Perspectives in Science 8:743–46.
- Tian, Z., X. Zhen, Y. Wang, D. Liu, and X. Li. 2020a. Combustion and emission characteristics of n-butanol-gasoline blends in SI direct injection gasoline engine. Renewable Energy 146:267–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.041.
- Tian, Z., X. Zhen, Y. Wang, D. Liu, and X. Li. 2020b. Comparative study on combustion and emission characteristics of methanol, ethanol and butanol fuel in TISI engine. Fuel 259:116199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116199.
- Usman, M., N. Hayat, and M. M. A. Bhutta. 2021. SI Engine Fueled with Gasoline, CNG and CNG-HHO Blend: Comparative Evaluation of Performance, Emission and Lubrication Oil Deterioration. Journal of Thermal Science 30(4):1199–1211.
- Usman, M., M. W. Saleem, S. Saqib, J. Umer, A. Naveed, and Z. U. Hassan. 2014. SI engine performance, lubricant oil deterioration, and emission: A comparison of liquid and gaseous fuel. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12 (6):1687814020930451.
- Usman, M., S. Saqib, S. W. H. Zubair, M. Irshad, A. H. Kazmi, A. Noor, H. U. Zaman, Z. Nasir, and M. A. Ijaz Malik. 2020. Experimental assessment of regenerated lube oil in spark-ignition engine for sustainable environment. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12 (7):1687814020940451. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814020940451.
- Veza, I., M. F. M. Said, and Z. A. Latiff. 2019. Progress of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) as biofuel in gasoline and diesel engine: A review. Fuel Processing Technology 196:106179. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106179.
- Wilson, R. W., and S. B. Lyon. 2010. 2.26 - Corrosion in Lubricants/Fuels*. In B. Cottis, M. Graham, R. Lindsay, S. Lyon, T. Richardson, D. Scantlebury and H. Stott, Shreir’s Corrosion, ed. , et al., 1299–307. Oxford: Elsevier.
- Wu, G., D. Wu, Y. Li, and L. Meng. 2020. Effect of Acetone-n-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) as an Oxygenate on Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine. Journal of Chemistry 2020:7468651. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7468651.
- Yadav, G., S. Tiwari, and M. L. Jain. 2018. Tribological analysis of extreme pressure and anti-wear properties of engine lubricating oil using four ball tester. Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (1, Part 1):248–53.
- Yontar, A. A. 2019. Effects of ignition advance on a dual sequential ignition engine at lean mixture for hydrogen enriched butane usage. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44 (29):15575–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.088.
- Yontar, A. A. 2020. Impact of ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether and a gasoline–ethanol blend on the performance characteristics and hydrocarbon emissions of an opposed-piston engine. Biofuels 11 (2):141–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2019.1661146.
- Yusoff, M. N. A. M., N. W. M. Zulkifli, B. M. Masum, and H. H. Masjuki. 2015. Feasibility of bioethanol and biobutanol as transportation fuel in spark-ignition engine: A review. RSC Advances 5 (121):100184–211. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA12735A.
- Zaharin, M. S. M., N. R. Abdullah, H. H. Masjuki, O. M. Ali, G. Najafi, and T. Yusaf. 2018. Evaluation on physicochemical properties of iso-butanol additives in ethanol-gasoline blend on performance and emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine. Applied Thermal Engineering 144:960–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.08.057.
- Zhao, L., D. Wang, and W. Qi. 2020. Particulate matter (PM) emissions and performance of bio-butanol-methanol-gasoline blends coupled with air dilution in SI engines. Journal of Aerosol Science 145:105546. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105546.