Sustainable Management Techniques for Offshore Oil and Gas Operations

References

• Baine , M. 2001 . Artificial reefs: A review of their design, application, management and performance . Ocean & Coastal Management, , 44 : 241 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barber , R. T. and Chai , F. . Using modeling to design and evaluate transient open iron enrichment for carbon sequestration . 2001 Conference Proceedings, First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration . NETL Publications, United States Department of Energy . May 15
   Google Scholar
• Boyd , P. W. , Watson , A. J. , Law , C. S. , Abraham , E. R. , Trull , T. , Murdoch , R. , Bakker , D. C. E. , Bowie , B. K. O. , Chang , H. , Charette , H. Croot , P. 2000 . A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization . Nature , 407 : 695 – 702 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buesseler , K. O. 1999 . http://cafethorium.whoi.edu/Fe/1999-Annualreport.htmlFertilizing the ocean with iron [on-line]. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1999 Annual Report (accessed 12 September 2005)
   Google Scholar
• Coale , K. H. , Johnson , K. S. , Fitzwater , S. E. , Gordon , R. M. , Tanner , S. , Chavez , F. P. , Ferioli , L. , Sakamoto , C. , Rogers , P. , Millero , F. , Steinberg , P. , Nightingale , P. , Cooper , D. , Cochlan , W. P. , Landry , M. R. , Constantinou , J. , Rollwagen , G. , Trasvina , A. and Kudela , R. 1996 . A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean . Nature , 383 : 495 – 501 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coale , K. . Open ocean fertilization for scientific study and carbon sequestration . 2001 Conference Proceedings, First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration . NETL Publications, United States Department of Energy . May 15
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , D. J. , Watson , A. J. and Nightingale , P. D. 1996 . Large decrease in ocean-surface CO2 fugacity in response to in situ iron fertilization . Nature , 383 : 511 – 513 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cripps , S. P. and Ababel , J. P. 2002 . Environmental and socio-economic impact assessment of reef, a multiple platform rigs-to-reefs development . ICES J. Mar. Sci , 59 : S300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybas , C. L. 2005 . Marine Life Complicates Removal of Old Oil Rigs A10 The Washington Post, Monday, April 11, 2005
   Google Scholar
• GESAMP . 1993 . (IMP/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution): Impact of Oil and Related Chemicals and Wastes on the Marine Environment . Rep. Stud. GESAMP , 50 : 180
   Google Scholar
• Hutchings , D. A. and Bruland , K. W. 1998 . Iron-limited diatom growth and Si:N uptake ratios in a coastal upwelling regime . Nature , 393 : 561 – 564 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCC . 2001 . Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. (Contribution of the working group I to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jean-Baptiste , P. and Ducroux , R. 2003 . Energy policy and climate change . Energy Policy , 31 : 155 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , M. I. and Islam , M. R. . Ecosystem-based approaches to offshore oil and gas operation: An Alternative Environmental Management Technique . Annual Technical Conference and exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineer . October 6–8 , Denver, CO, USA. SPE Paper 84058
   Google Scholar
• Khan , M. I. and Islam , M. R. . Assessing environmental fate and behaviour of oil discharges in marine ecosystem: Using fugacity model . Proceedings of the Offshore Oil and Gas Environmental Effects Monitoring Workshop: Approaches and Technologies . Edited by: Armsworthy , S. L. , Cranford , P. J. and Lee , K. pp. 145 – 165 . Columbus, Ohio, , USA : Battelle Press . Bedford Institute of Oceanography, May 26–30, 2003
   Google Scholar
• Khan , M. I. and Islam , M. R. . Assessing sustainability of technological developments: An alternative approach of selecting indicators in the case of offshore operations . ASME Congress . Nov. 5–11 , Orlando, Florida. Paper no. IMECE2005-82999
   Google Scholar
• Khan , M. I. and Islam , M. R. 2007 . True Sustainability in Technological Development and Natural Resources Management , 381 NY, , USA : Nova Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Khan , M. I. , Lakhal , S. Y. , Satish , M. and Islam , M. R. 2006 . Towards achieving sustainability: Application of green supply chain model in offshore oil and gas operations . Int. J. Risk Assess. Manage , 8 : 23
   Google Scholar
• Oil in the Sea . 2003 . Committee on Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects, Ocean Studies Board and Marine Board, Divisions of Earth and Life Studies and Transportation Research Board, National Research Council , Washington, D.C. : The National Academies Press .
   Google Scholar
• Patin , S. 1999 . Environmental Impact of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry , 425 East Northport, NY : EcoMonitor Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , E. R. A. N. and Garcia , S. R. 1995 . Evolving California opinion on offshore oil and development . Ocean & Coastal Manage , 26 : 41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Coast Guard . 1990 . Update of Inputs of Petroleum Hydrocarbons into the Oceans due to Marine Transportation Activities , Washington, D.C. : National Research Council, National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar