References
- Acaravci, A., and Ozturk, I. 2010. On the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Europe. Energy 35:5412–5420.
- Ang, J. B. 2007. CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and output in France. Energy Policy 35:4772–4778.
- Ang, J. B. 2008. Economic development, pollutant emissions and energy consumption in Malaysia. J. Pol. Model. 30:271–278.
- Apergis, N., and Payne, J. E. 2009. CO2 emissions, energy usage, and output in Central America. Energy Policy 37:3282–3286.
- Apergis, N., and Payne, J. E. 2010. The emissions, energy consumption, and growth nexus: Evidence from the commonwealth of independent states. Energy Policy 38:650–655.
- Bank of Korea. 2011. Economic statistics system. Available at http://ecos.bok.or.kr/.
- Chang, C.-C. 2010. A multivariate causality test of carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in China. Appl. Energy 87:3533–3537.
- Engle, R. F., and Granger, C. W. J. 1987. Cointegration and error-correction: Representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica 55:251–276.
- Geweke, J., Meese, R., and Dent, W. 1983. Comparing alternative tests for causality in temporal systems: Analytic results and experimental evidence. J. Economet. 21:161–194.
- Granger, C. W. J. 1969. Investigating causal relation by econometric and cross-sectional method. Econometrica 37:424–438.
- Halicioglu, F. 2009. An econometric study of CO2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey. Energy Pol. 37:1156–1164.
- Hatzigeorgiou, E., Polatidis, H., and Haralambopoulos, D. 2011. CO2 emissions, GDP and energy intensity: A multivariate cointegration and causality analysis for Greece, 1977–2007. Appl. Energy 88:1377–1385.
- Johansen, S., and Juselius, K. 1990. Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bull. Econ. Stat. 52:169–210.
- International Energy Agency. 2010. CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 2010 Ed. Available at http://data.iea.org.
- Lotfalipour, M. R., Falahi, M. A., and Ashena, M. 2010. Economic growth, CO2 emissions, and fossil fuels consumption in Iran. Energy 35:5115–5120.
- Menyah, K., and Wolde-Rufael, Y. 2010. Energy consumption, pollutant emissions and economic growth in South Africa. Energy Econ. 32:1374–1382.
- Pantula, S. G., Gonzalez-Farias, G., and Fuller, W. A. 1994. A comparison of unit-root test criteria. J. Bus. Econ. Stat. 12:449–459.
- Pao, H.-T., and Tsai, C.-M. 2010. CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in BRIC countries. Energy Pol. 38:7850–7860.
- Phillips, P. C. B., and Perron, P. 1988. Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika 75:335–346.
- Soytas, U., Sari, R., and Ewing, B. T. 2007. Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions in the United States. Ecol. Econ. 62:482–489.
- Stock, J. H., and Watson, M. W. 1989. Interpreting the evidence in money-income causality. J. Economet. 40:161–182.
- Zhang, X.-P., and Cheng, X.-M. 2009. Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in China. Ecol. Econ. 68:2706–2712.