Factors of electric vehicle adoption: A comparison of conventional and electric car users based on an extended theory of planned behavior

References

• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (2002). Constructing a TpB questionnaire: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Retrieved from http://chuang.epage.au.edu.tw/ezfiles/168/1168/attach/20/pta_41176_7688352_57138.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Anable, J., & Gatersleben, B. (2005). All work and no play? The role of instrumental and affective factors in work and leisure journeys by different travel modes. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 39(2), 163–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autobranchen. (2017). Nyt fra Autobranchen Danmark. No. 7, September, p. 22. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/autobranchendanmark/docs/nyt_nr._7
   Google Scholar
• Bamberg, S., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2003). Choice of travel mode in the theory of planned behavior: The roles of past behavior, habit, and reasoned action. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25(3), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324834BASP2503_01.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beirão, G., & Cabral, J. S. (2007). Understanding attitudes towards public transport and private car: A qualitative study. Transport Policy, 14(6), 478–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.04.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjerkan, K. Y., Nørbech, T. E., & Nordtømme, M. E. (2016). Incentives for promoting battery electric vehicle (BEV) adoption in Norway. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 43, 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, L. (2007). Transport and climate change: A review. Journal of Transport Geography, 15(5), 354–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2006.11.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danish Electric Vehicle Alliance. (2017). Månedlige salgstal for elbiler i Danmark. Retrieved from http://www.danskelbilalliance.dk/Statistik/Salgstal_maaned.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Egbue, O., & Long, S. (2012). Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: An analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions. Energy Policy, 48, 717–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellermann, T., Brandt, J., Hertel, O., Loft, S., Andersen, Z. J., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., … Sigsgaard, T. (2014). Luftforureningens indvirkning på sundheden i Danmark (Impact of air pollution on health in Denmark). Report Nr. 96 of the DCE – Danish Centre for Environment and Energy. Retried from http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR96.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Franke, T., Bühler, F., Cocron, P., Neumann, I., & Krems, J. F. (2012). Enhancing sustainability of electric vehicles: A field study approach to understanding user acceptance and behavior. In M. Sullman & L. Dorn (Eds.), Advances in traffic psychology (pp. 295–306). Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Franke, T., & Krems, J. F. (2013). What drives range preferences in electric vehicle users? Transport Policy, 30(1), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.07.005.
   Google Scholar
• Fujii, S. (2010). Does purchasing an “eco-car” increase the vehicle distance travelled? In Abstracts of the 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology. Retrieved from www.icap2010.com.
   Google Scholar
• Gärling, A., & Johansson, A. (2000). A BEV in the Family. 2nd KFB-research conference, June, Lund, Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Graham-Rowe, E., Gardner, B., Abraham, C., Skippon, S., Dittmar, H., Hutchins, R., & Stannard, J. (2012). Mainstream consumers driving plug-in battery-electric and plug-in hybrid electric cars: A qualitative analysis of responses and evaluations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 46(1), 140–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greaves, S., Backman, H., & Ellison, A. B. (2014). An empirical assessment of the feasibility of battery electric vehicles for day-to-day driving. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 66, 226–237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harland, P., Staats, H., & Wilke, H. A. M. (1999). Explaining pro-environmental intention and behavior by personal norms and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 2505–2528. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00123.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haustein, S., & Hunecke, M. (2007). Reduced use of environmentally friendly modes of transportation caused by perceived mobility necessities: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(8), 1856–1883. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00241.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, Y., & Gifford, R. (2002). Extending the theory of planned behavior: Predicting the use of public transportation1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(10), 2154–2189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02068.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjorthol, R. (2013). Attitudes, ownership and use of electric vehicles – a review of literature. TØI report 1261/2013. Retrieved from https://www.toi.no/getfile.php?mmfileid=32442.
   Google Scholar
• Hunecke, M., Blöbaum, A., Matthies, E., & Höger, R. (2001). Responsibility and environment – ecological norm orientation and external factors in the domain of travel mode choice behavior. Environment and Behavior, 33, 845–867. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160121973269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, A. F., Cherchi, E., & Mabit, S. L. (2013). On the stability of preferences and attitudes before and after experiencing an electric vehicle. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 25, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2013.07.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, A. F., Cherchi, E., & Ortúzar, J. de D. (2014). A long panel survey to elicit variation in preferences and attitudes in the choice of electric vehicles. Transportation, 41(5), 973–993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-014-9517-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, A. F., & Mabit, S. L. (2017). The use of electric vehicles: A case study on adding an electric car to a household. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 106 (2017), 89–99.
   Google Scholar
• Krzyzanowski, M., Kuna-Dibbert, B., & Schneider, J. (2005). Health effects of transport-related air pollution. Europe: WHO Regional Office, Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/74715/E86650.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Labeye, E., Hugot, M., Brusque, C., & Regan, M. A. (2016). The electric vehicle: A new driving experience involving specific skills and rules. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 37, 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.11.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajunen, T., & Summala, H. (2003). Can we trust self-reports of driving? Effects of impression management on driver behaviour questionnaire responses. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6(2), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-8478(03)00008-1.
   Google Scholar
• Lane, B., & Potter, S. (2007). The adoption of cleaner vehicles in the UK: Exploring the consumer attitude-action gap. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(11), 1085–1092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.05.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langbroek, J. H., Franklin, J. P., & Susilo, Y. O. (2017). Electric vehicle users and their travel patterns in Greater Stockholm. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 52, 98–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.02.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moons, I., & De Pelsmacker, P. (2012). Emotions as determinants of electric car usage intention. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(3-4), 195–237.
   Google Scholar
• Moons, I., & De Pelsmacker, P. (2015). An extended decomposed theory of planned behaviour to predict the usage intention of the electric car: A multi-group comparison. Sustainability, 7(5), 6212–6245. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7056212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton, C., Anable, J., & Nelson, J. D. (2017). Consumer structure in the emerging market for electric vehicles: Identifying market segments using cluster analysis. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 11(6), 443–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2016.1266533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayum, A., Klöckner, C. A., & Mehmetoglu, M. (2016). Comparison of socio-psychological characteristics of conventional and battery electric car buyers. Travel Behaviour and Society, 3, 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2015.03.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2015.03.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordlund, A., & Garvill, J. (2003). Effects of values, problem awareness, and personal norm on willingness to reduce personal car us. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 339–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(03)00037-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odeh, N., Hill, N., & Forster, D. (2013). Current and future lifecycle emissions of key “low carbon” technologies and alternatives. Final report carried out for the Committee on Climate Change (CCC). Retrieved from https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Ricardo-AEA-lifecycle-emissions-low-carbon-technologies-April-2013.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Pearre, N. S., Kempton, W., Guensler, R. L., & Elango, V. V. (2011). Electric vehicles: How much range is required for a day's driving? Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 19(6), 1171–1184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2010.12.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, A., de Haan, P., & Scholz, R. W. (2015). Understanding car-buying behavior: Psychological determinants of energy efficiency and practical implications. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 9(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2012.732672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, A., & Dütschke, E. (2014). How do consumers perceive electric vehicles? A comparison of German consumer groups. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 16(3), 359–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2013.879037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierre, M., Jemelin, C., & Louvet, N. (2011). Driving an electric vehicle. A sociological analysis on pioneer users. Energy Efficiency, 4(4), 511–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-011-9123-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Region, Skåne (2017). GREAT – Green Region for Electrification and Alternative fuels for Transport. Activity 5 – Policy Measures – Interim study report 2.0. Retrieved from https://great-region.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/GREAT_A5_Policy_Measures_Interim_study_report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rezvani, Z., Jansson, J., & Bodin, J. (2015). Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption research: A review and research agenda. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 34, 122–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.10.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roese, N. J., & Vohs, K. D. (2012). Hindsight bias. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 411–426. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612454303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolim, C. C., Gonçalves, G. N., Farias, T. L., & Rodrigues, Ó. (2012). Impacts of electric vehicle adoption on driver behavior and environmental performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 54, 706–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.788.
   Google Scholar
• Schmalfuß, F., Mühl, K., & Krems, J. F. (2017). Direct experience with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) matters when evaluating vehicle attributes, attitude and purchase intention. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 46, 47–69. Retrieved from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1369847817300591/1-s2.0-S1369847817300591-main.pdf?_tid=b25d1d2e-f219-11e7-a34f-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1515157964_241fb52b0a98942ec186b04da67c3a79
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuitema, G., Anable, J., Skippon, S., & Kinnear, N. (2013). The role of instrumental, hedonic and symbolic attributes in the intention to adopt electric vehicles. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 48, 39–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative influence on altruism. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 221–279). New York: Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. H., & Howard, J. A. (1981). A normative decision-making model of altruism. In J. P. Rushton & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior (pp. 189–211). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Skippon, S., & Garwood, M. (2011). Responses to battery electric vehicles: UK consumer attitudes and attributions of symbolic meaning following direct experience to reduce psychological distance. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 16(7), 525–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2011.05.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skippon, S. M., Kinnear, N., Lloyd, L., & Stannard, J. (2016). How experience of use influences mass-market drivers' willingness to consider a battery electric vehicle: A randomised controlled trial. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 92, 26–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steg, L. (2005). Car use: Lust and must. Instrumental, symbolic and affective motives for car use. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 39(2), 147–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorhauge, M., Haustein, S., & Cherchi, E. (2016). Accounting for the theory of planned behaviour in departure time choice. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 38, 94–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2016.01.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Fan, J., Zhao, D., Yang, S., & Fu, Y. (2016). Predicting consumers' intention to adopt hybrid electric vehicles: Using an extended version of the theory of planned behavior model. Transportation, 43(1), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-014-9567-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar