References
- Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Census of population and housing: Mesh block counts. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/2074.0main+features12011
- Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018a). Census of Population and Housing: Commuting to Work. (2071.0.55.001). Retrieved from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0.55.001∼2016∼Main%20Features∼Feature%20Article:%20Journey%20to%20Work%20in%20Australia∼40.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018b). Census of population and housing: Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA), Australia, 2016 (2033.0.55.001). Retrieved from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/by%20Subject/2033.0.55.001∼2016∼Main%20Features∼SOCIO-ECONOMIC%20INDEXES%20FOR%20AREAS%20(SEIFA)%202016∼1.
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2018). Physical activity across the life stages. AIHW.
- Beckx, C., Broekx, S., Degraeuwe, B., Beusen, B., & Panis, L. I. (2013). Limits to active transport substitution of short car trips. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 22, 10–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2013.03.001
- Bell, L., Timperio, A., Veitch, J., & Carver, A. (2020). Individual, social and neighbourhood correlates of cycling among children living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(2), 157–163.
- Biggar, M. (2019). Non-motorized transport: walking and cycling. In W. Leal Filho, A. M. Azul, L. Brandli, P. G. Özuyar, & T. Wall (Eds.), Sustainable cities and communities (pp. 1–10). Springer International Publishing.
- Brand, C., Götschi, T., Dons, E., Gerike, R., Anaya-Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., de Nazelle, A., Gascon, M., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Iacorossi, F., Kahlmeier, S., Int Panis, L., Racioppi, F., Rojas-Rueda, D., Standaert, A., Stigell, E., Sulikova, S., Wegener, S., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2021). The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: Evidence from a longitudinal panel study in seven European cities. Global Environmental Change, 67, 102224. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102224
- Carver, A., & Veitch, J. (2020). Perceptions and patronage of public transport–are women different from men? Journal of Transport & Health, 19, 100955. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100955
- Carver, A., Barr, A., Singh, A., Badland, H., Mavoa, S., & Bentley, R. (2019). How are the built environment and household travel characteristics associated with children's active transport in Melbourne, Australia? Journal of Transport & Health, 12, 115–129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.01.003
- Chaix, B. (2020). How daily environments and situations shape behaviors and health: momentary studies of mobile sensing and smartphone survey data. Health & Place, 61, 102241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102241
- Chillón, P., Martínez-Gómez, D., Ortega, F. B., Pérez-López, I. J., Díaz, L. E., Veses, A. M., Veiga, O. L., Marcos, A., & Delgado-Fernández, M. (2013). Six-year trend in active commuting to school in Spanish adolescents. The AVENA and AFINOS Studies. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20(4), 529–537. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-012-9267-9
- Cole, R., Turrell, G., Koohsari, M. J., Owen, N., & Sugiyama, T. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of walkable short car trips: A cross-sectional multilevel analysis. Journal of Transport & Health, 4, 73–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.11.007
- Cornwall, C., Horiuchi, A., & Lehman, C. (2017). NOAA solar calculator (p. 27). Department of Commerce.
- Currie, G. (2010). Quantifying spatial gaps in public transport supply based on social needs. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.12.002
- De Hartog, J. J., Boogaard, H., Nijland, H., & Hoek, G. (2010). Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks? Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(8), 1109–1116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901747
- Delso, J., Martín, B., & Ortega, E. (2018). Potentially replaceable car trips: Assessment of potential modal change towards active transport modes in Vitoria-Gasteiz. Sustainability, 10(10), 3510. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103510
- Egli, V., Ikeda, E., Stewart, T., & Smith, M. (2018). Interpersonal correlates of active transportation. In Children's active transportation (pp. 115–125). Elsevier.
- Foster, C., Shilton, T., Westerman, L., Varney, J., & Bull, F. (2018). World Health Organisation to develop global action plan to promote physical activity: time for action. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine.
- Francis, J., Martin, K., Wood, L., & Foster, S. (2017). I'll be driving you to school for the rest of your life’: A qualitative study of parents' fear of stranger danger. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 53, 112–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.07.004
- Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Leary, L., Cain, K., Conway, T. L., & Hess, P. M. (2010). The development of a walkability index: application to the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(13), 924–933.
- Garrard, J. (2009). Active transport: Children and young people. VicHealth. http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au.
- Garrard, J., Rose, G., & Lo, S. K. (2008). Promoting transportation cycling for women: the role of bicycle infrastructure. Preventive Medicine, 46(1), 55–59.
- Greenland, S., Senn, S. J., Rothman, K. J., Carlin, J. B., Poole, C., Goodman, S. N., & Altman, D. G. (2016). Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations. European Journal of Epidemiology, 31(4), 337–350.
- Gropp, K. M., Pickett, W., & Janssen, I. (2012). Multi-level examination of correlates of active transportation to school among youth living within 1 mile of their school. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-124
- Hallal, P. C., Victora, C. G., Azevedo, M. R., & Wells, J. C. (2006). Adolescent physical activity and health. Sports Medicine, 36(12), 1019–1030. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636120-00003
- Heesch, K. C., Sahlqvist, S., & Garrard, J. (2012). Gender differences in recreational and transport cycling: a cross-sectional mixed-methods comparison of cycling patterns, motivators, and constraints. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 106–112. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-106
- Herman, K. M., Craig, C. L., Gauvin, L., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2009). Tracking of obesity and physical activity from childhood to adulthood: the Physical Activity Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity: IJPO: An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 4(4), 281–288.
- Hills, A. P., King, N. A., & Armstrong, T. P. (2007). The contribution of physical activity and sedentary behaviours to the growth and development of children and adolescents. Sports Medicine, 37(6), 533–545. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737060-00006
- Ikeda, E., Stewart, T., Garrett, N., Egli, V., Mandic, S., Hosking, J., Witten, K., Hawley, G., Tautolo, E. S., Rodda, J., Moore, A., & Smith, M. (2018). Built environment associates of active school travel in New Zealand children and youth: A systematic meta-analysis using individual participant data. Journal of Transport & Health, 9, 117–131. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.04.007
- Ioannidis, J. P. (2019). What have we (not) learnt from millions of scientific papers with P values? The American Statistician, 73(sup1), 20–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2018.1447512
- Larouche, R. (2018). Children's active transportation (R. Larouche Ed.). Elsevier.
- Larouche, R., Saunders, T. J., Faulkner, G. E. J., Colley, R., & Tremblay, M. (2014). Associations between active school transport and physical activity, body composition, and cardiovascular fitness: a systematic review of 68 studies. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 11(1), 206–227.
- Le, V. T., & Dannenberg, A. L. (2020). Moving toward physical activity targets by walking to transit: National Household Transportation Survey, 2001–2017. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 59(3), e115–e123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.023
- Leslie, E., Kremer, P., Toumbourou, J. W., & Williams, J. W. (2010). Gender differences in personal, social and environmental influences on active travel to and from school for Australian adolescents. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(6), 597–601.
- Maizlish, N., Woodcock, J., Co, S., Ostro, B., Fanai, A., & Fairley, D. (2013). Health cobenefits and transportation-related reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the San Francisco Bay area. American Journal of Public Health, 103(4), 703–709.
- Mandic, S., Flaherty, C., Ergler, C., Kek, C. C., Pocock, T., Lawrie, D., Chillón, P., & García Bengoechea, E. (2018). Effects of cycle skills training on cycling-related knowledge, confidence and behaviour in adolescent girls. Journal of Transport & Health, 9, 253–263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.01.015
- Marique, A.-F., Dujardin, S., Teller, J., & Reiter, S. (2013). School commuting: the relationship between energy consumption and urban form. Journal of Transport Geography, 26, 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.07.009
- Merlin, L. A., Teoman, D., Viola, M., Vaughn, H., & Buehler, R. (2021). Redrawing the planners’ circle: Analyzing trip-level walk distances across two national surveys. Journal of the American Planning Association, 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2021.1877181
- Mitra, R., Faulkner, G. E., Buliung, R. N., & Stone, M. R. (2014). Do parental perceptions of the neighbourhood environment influence children’s independent mobility? Evidence from Toronto, Canada. Urban Studies, 51(16), 3401–3419. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013519140
- Morency, C., Demers, M., & Poliquin, E. (2014). Shifting short motorized trips to walking: The potential of active transportation for physical activity in Montreal. Journal of Transport & Health, 1(2), 100–107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2014.03.002
- Mueller, N., Rojas-Rueda, D., Cole-Hunter, T., de Nazelle, A., Dons, E., Gerike, R., Götschi, T., Int Panis, L., Kahlmeier, S., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2015). Health impact assessment of active transportation: a systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 76, 103–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.010
- Østergaard, L., Grøntved, A., Børrestad, L. A. B., Froberg, K., Gravesen, M., & Andersen, L. B. (2012). Cycling to school is associated with lower BMI and lower odds of being overweight or obese in a large population-based study of Danish adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 9(5), 617–625. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.5.617
- Panis, L., Meeusen, R., Thomas, I., Bleux, N., Degraeuwe, B., DE Vlieger, I., … Vandenbulcke-Passchaert, G. (2009). Systematic analysis of health risks and physical activity associated with cycling policies. Final Report Phase 1. Brussels: Belgian Science Policy.
- Pont, K., Ziviani, J., Wadley, D., Bennett, S., & Abbott, R. (2009). Environmental correlates of children's active transportation: a systematic literature review. Health & Place, 15(3), 849–862. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.02.002
- Rainham, D. G., Bates, C. J., Blanchard, C. M., Dummer, T. J., Kirk, S. F., & Shearer, C. L. (2012). Spatial classification of youth physical activity patterns. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42(5), e87–e96.
- Rojas-Rueda, D., de Nazelle, A., Andersen, Z. J., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Bruha, J., Bruhova-Foltynova, H., Desqueyroux, H., Praznoczy, C., Ragettli, M. S., Tainio, M., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2016). Health impacts of active transportation in Europe. PLoS One, 11(3), e0149990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149990
- Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., Carlson, J. A., Frank, L. D., Kerr, J., Glanz, K., Chapman, J. E., & Saelens, B. E. (2018). Neighborhood built environment and socioeconomic status in relation to physical activity, sedentary behavior, and weight status of adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 110, 47–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.009
- Schoeppe, S., Duncan, M. J., Badland, H. M., Rebar, A. L., & Vandelanotte, C. (2016). Too far from home? Adult attitudes on children's independent mobility range. Children's Geographies, 14(4), 482–489. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2015.1116685
- Schranz, N., Glennon, V., Evans, J., Gomersall, S., Hardy, L., Hesketh, K. D., Lubans, D., Ridgers, N. D., Straker, L., Stylianou, M., Tomkinson, G. R., Vella, S., Ziviani, J., & Olds, T. (2018). Results from Australia's 2018 report card on physical activity for children and youth. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 15(S2), S315–S317. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0418
- Silva, K. S., Lopes, A. d S., Silva, R. C. R. d., Costa, F. F., Assis, M. A. A. d., & Nahas, M. V. (2014). Time spent by Brazilian students in different modes of transport going to school: changes over a decade (2001-2011). Cadernos de saude publica, 30(11), 2471–2476. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00161913
- SNAMUTS. (2021). Melbourne 2016 SNAMUTS composite accessibility index. Retrieved April 20, 2021, from http://www.snamuts.com/uploads/2/1/8/1/21813274/melbourne_2016__23r__benchmark_composite.pdf
- State Government of Victoria. (2021). 120 hours driving experience.
- Stewart, T., Duncan, S., & Schipperijn, J. (2017). Adolescents who engage in active school transport are also more active in other contexts: A space-time investigation. Health & Place, 43, 25–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.11.009
- Thomas, C. E., Gastin, P. B., Abbott, G., & Main, L. C. (2021). Impact of the talent development environment on the wellbeing and burnout of Caribbean youth track and field athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(4), 590–529. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1775894
- Timperio, A., Ball, K., Salmon, J., Roberts, R., Giles-Corti, B., Simmons, D., Baur, L. A., & Crawford, D. (2006). Personal, family, social, and environmental correlates of active commuting to school. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.047
- Transport for Victoria. (2018). Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA). Australia.
- United Nations. (2020). The sustainable development agenda. Retrieved February 19, 2021, from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/
- United States Department of Transportation. (2017). Mean number of trips by all persons by sex, age, driver status, worker status and medical condition. Retrieved from https://www.bts.gov/archive/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/table_a09
- van de Coevering, P., Maat, K., & van Wee, B. (2021). Causes and effects between attitudes, the built environment and car kilometres: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Transport Geography, 91, 102982. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.102982
- Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel & Activity. (2018). Total journeys to education by region and mode. Retrieved from https://public.tableau.com/profile/vista#!/vizhome/VISTA-JourneytoeducationAccess/JTE-methodoftravel
- World Health Organization. (2012). Health in the green economy: health co-benefits of climate change mitigation-transport sector. World Health Organization.
- Yang, Y., Hong, X., Gurney, J. G., & Wang, Y. (2017). Active travel to and from school among school-age children during 1997-2011 and associated factors in China. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 14(9), 684–691. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0590