153
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Visual System Manifestations due to Systemic Exposure to Mercury

, &
Pages 173-183 | Published online: 10 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Abrams JD, Majzoub U. Mercury content of the human lens. Br J Ophthalmol 1970; 54:59. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Agate JN, Buckell, M. Mercury poisoning from fingerprint photography. Lancet 2 1949:451. [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Ahlmar A. Poisoning by methylmercury compounds. Br J Ind Med 1948; 5: 117–119. [CSA]
  • Al-Abbasi AH, Kostyniak PJ, Clarkson TW. An extracorporeal complexing hemodialysis system for the treatment of methylmercury poisoning. III. Clinical applications. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1978; 207: 249–254. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Threshold limit values (TLV's) for chemical substances and physical agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEI's). Cincinnati: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1996.
  • Amin-Zaki L, Majeed MA, Clarkson TW, Greenwood MR. Methylmercury poisoning in Iraqi children: clinical observations over two years. Br Med J 1978; 1: 613–616. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Ashkenazi I, Desatnik HR, Abraham FA. Yellow mercuric oxide: A treatment of choice for phthirasis palpebrarum. Br J Ophthalmol 1991; 75: 356–358. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Atkinson WS, vonSallman L. Mercury in the lens. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1946; 44: 65–70. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Atkinson WS. A colored reflex from the anterior capsule of the lens which occurs in mercurialism. Am J Ophthalmol 1943; 26: 685–688. [CSA]
  • Auricchio G, Diotallevi M. Can the recovery rate of the intraocular volume be used for measurements of the aqueous inflow. Acta Ophthalmol 1965; 43: 245–251. [CSA]
  • Berlin M, Grant CA, Hellberg J, Hellstrom J, Schultz A. Neurotoxicity of methylmercury in squirrel monkeys. Cerebral cortical pathology, interference with scotopic vision, and changes in operant behavior. Arch Environ Health 1975; 30: 340–348. [CSA]
  • Berlin M, Nordberg G, Hellberg J. The uptake and distribution of methylmercury in the brain of saimiri sciureus in relation to behavioral and morphological changes. Miller and Clarkson 187–208. [CSA]
  • Bidstrup PL, Bonnell JA, Harvey DG, Locket S. Chronic mercury poisoning in men repairing direct-current meters. Lancet 1951; 2: 856–861. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Block JB. The Signs and Symptoms of Chemical Exposure. Springfield: Thomas, 1980.
  • Brodziak-Krzesiekowa K, Ogielska E. Field changes in persons working in the presence of mercury vapour. Klin Oczna 1969; 39: 761–763. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Brown JL. The structure of the visual system. In: Graham CH, ed. Vision and Visual Perception. New York: Wiley; 1965:39–59.
  • Burn RA. Mercurialentis. Proc Roy Soc Med 1962; 55: 322–326. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Church HM. On a case of poisoning by corrosive sublimate. Edinburgh Med J 1887; 32: 795–800. [CSA]
  • Clarkson TW. Mercury: Major issues in environmental health. Environ Health Perspect 1992; 100: 31–38. [CSA]
  • Clinton M. Mercury. Am Petrol Inst Rev 1948; Sept. [CSA]
  • Davies TS, Nielsen SW. Pathology of subacute methylmercurialism in cats. Am J Vet Res 1977; 38: 59–67. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Davies TS, Nielsen SW, Kircher CH. The pathology of subacute methylmercurialism in swine. Cornell Vet 1976; 66: 32–55. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • DeValois RL, Morgan HC, Polson MC, Mead WR, Hull EM. Psychological studies of monkey vision—I. Macaque luminosity and color vision tests. Vision Res 1974; 14: 53–66. [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • DuVal G, Grubb BR, Bentley PJ. Mercury accumulation in the eye following administration of methylmercury. Exp Eye Res 1987; 44: 161–164. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Dye RS, Eccles C, Annau Z. Evoked potential alterations following prenatal methylmercury exposure. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1978; 8: 137–141. [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Eccles CU, Annau Z. The Toxicity of Methylmercury. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1987.
  • Evans HL, Garman RH, Weiss B. Methylmercury: exposure duration and regional distribution as determinants of neurotoxicity in nonhuman primates. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1977; 41: 15–33. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Evans HL, Garman RH. Scotopic vision as an indicator of neurotoxicity. Merigan and Weiss eds. 135–147. [CSA]
  • Evans HL, Laties VG, Weiss B. Behavioral effects of mercury and methylmercury. Fed Proc 1975; 34 (Aug.):1858–1867. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Ferguson CL, Cantilena LR, Jr. Mercury clearance from human plasma during in vitro dialysis: Screening systems for chelating agents. J Toxicol 1992; 30: 423–441. [CSA]
  • Finocchio DV, Luschei EL, Mottet NK, Body R. Effects of methylmercury on the visual system of rhesus macaque. In: Merigan WH, Weiss H, eds. Neurotoxicity of the Visual System. New York: Raven Press; 1980:113–122.
  • Galin MA, Obstbaum SA. Band keratopathy in mercury exposure. Ann Ophthalmol 1974; 6: 1257–1261. [CSA]
  • Gourlay JS. Mercurialentis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1954; 74: 441–447. [CSA]
  • Gramoni R. Retinal function of rats exposed to organomercurials. Merigan and Weiss 101–111. [CSA]
  • Grant CA. Pathology of experimental methylmercury intoxication: some problems of exposure and response. Miller and Clarkson 294–310. [CSA]
  • Grant WM, Schuman JS. Toxicology of the Eye. Effects on the Eyes and Visual System from Chemicals, Drugs, Metals and Minerals, Plants, Toxins and Venoms; also Systemic Side Effects from Eye Medications, 4th ed. Springfield: Thomas, 1993.
  • Hall SK. Metal exposure and toxic Exposure. In: Hall SK, Chakraborty J, Ruch RJ, eds. Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses. Boca Raton: Lewis; 1997:21–37.
  • Harada Y. Study groups on Minamata disease. In: Katsuma M, ed. Minamata Disease. Kumamoto: Kumamoto U; 1966.
  • Harrison WJ. Primary zonular opacity of the cornea. Arch Ophthalmol 1936; 16: 469–471. [CSA]
  • Hunter D, Bomford RR, Russell DS. Poisoning by methylmercury compounds. QJM 1940; 9: 193–213. [CSA]
  • Hunter D, Lister A. Mercurialentis. Br J Ophthalmol 1953; 37: 234–235. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Hunter D, Russell DS. Focal cerebral and cerebellar atrophy in a human subject due to organic mercury compounds. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1954; 17: 235–241. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Iannaccone A, Lamphis R, Marras O. Changes in the crystalline lens of eye in chronic mercurial poisoning. 14th Int Congr Occup Health, Madrid. 1963:876–878. [CSA]
  • Igata A. Epidemiological and clinical features of Minamata disease. In: Suzuki T, Imura N, Clarkson TW, eds. Advances in Mercury Toxicology. New York: Plenum Press; 1991:439–457.
  • Iwata K. Neuroophthalmologic indices of Minamata disease in Niigata. Merigan and Weiss 165–185. [CSA]
  • Iwata K. Neuroophthalmological findings and their transition of organic mercury poisoning, “Minamata disease,” in agano area of Niigata prefecture. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1973; 77: 1788–1834. [CSA]
  • Jalili MA, Abbasi AH. Poisoning by ethyl mercury toluene sulphonanilide. Br J Ind Med 1961; 18: 303–308. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Kairada K, Hirayama K, Yasutake A, Matsumura A, Okamura R. Mercury accumulation in lens following single administration of methylmercury. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1988; 32: 275–280. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Kipling, MD. Mercury and the eye. Ann Occup Hyg 1965; 8: 81–83. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Krachmer JH, Palay DA. Cornea Color Atlas. St. Louis: Mosby, 1995.
  • Kurland LT, Faro SN, Siedler H. Minamata disease. World Neurol 1960; 1: 370–395. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Kuruc F, Streicher T, Krajcovic S. Mercuria lentis. C S Oftal 1964; 20: 382–385. [CSA]
  • Kutsuna M. Minamata disease: study group of Minamata disease. In: Katsuma M, ed. Kumamoto: Kumamoto U; 1968.
  • Leiken JB, Pauloucek FP. Poisoning & Toxicology Handbook. Hudson: Lexi-Comp; 1995–1996.
  • Li Y. An autopsy case of chronic organic mercury poisoning. Acta Path Jpn 1966; 16: 411–420. [CSA]
  • Lizarralde SM, Wake B, Thompson V, Weisman R. Jewelers. In: Greenberg MI, Hamilton RJ, Phillips SD, eds. Occupational, Industrial, and Environmental Toxicology. St. Louis: Mosby; 1997:153–170.
  • Locket Z, Nazroo IA. Eye changes following exposure to metallic mercury. Lancet 1952; 1: 528–530. [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Lovejoy HB, Bell ZG Jr, Vizena TR. Mercury exposure evaluations and their correlation with urinary mercury excretions. IV. Elimination of mercury by sweating. J Occup Environ Med 1973; 15: 590–591. [CSA]
  • Lu FC. Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target Organs, and Risk Assessment, 3rd ed. Washington: Taylor & Francis, 1996.
  • Lundgren K, Swenson A. Occupational poisoning by alkyl mercury compounds. J Ind Hyg 1949; 31: 190–200. [CSA]
  • Luschei E, Mottet NK, Shaw CM. Chronic methylmercury exposure in the monkey. Arch Environ Health 1977; 32: 126–131. [CSA]
  • Merigan WH, Weiss B, eds. Neurotoxicity of the Visual System. New York: Raven, 1980.
  • Merigan WH. Visual fields and flicker thresholds in methylmercury-poisoned monkeys. Merigan and Weiss eds. 149–163. [CSA]
  • Mikuni M, Iwata K, Moridaira Y, Nanba K, Kojima M. Ocular findings on organic mercury poisoning in Agano area. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1970; 74: 1152–1163. [CSA]
  • Miller MW, Clarkson TW, eds. Mercury, Mercurials and Mercaptans. Springfield: Thomas, 1973.
  • Mukuno K, Ishikawa S, Okamura R. Grating test of contrast sensitivity in patients with Minamata disease. Br J Ophthalmol 1981; 65: 284–290. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Nakajima A. The effect of the inhibitors of carbohydrate metabolism on the rabbit electroretinogram. Ophthalmologica 1958; 136: 99–107. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Pocket guide to chemical hazards. NIOSH 94-116. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Services. 1994.
  • Okinaka S, Yoshikawa M, Mozai T, Mizuno Y, Terao T, Watanabe H, Ogihara K, Hirai S, Yoshino Y, Inose T, Anzai S, Tsuda M. Encephalomyelopathy due to an organic mercury compound. Neurology 1964; 14: 69–76. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Ostler NK, Byrne TE, Malachowski MJ. Health effects of hazardous materials. Environmental Technology Series, Vol. 3. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1996.
  • Parameshvara V. Mercury poisoning and its treatment with N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine. Br J Ind Med 1967; 24: 73–76. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Pierce PE, Thompson JF, Likosky WH, Nickey LN, Barthel WF, Hinman AR. Alkyl mercury poisoning in humans. Report of an outbreak. JAMA 1972; 220: 1439–1442. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Plunkett ER. Handbook of Industrial Toxicology. New York: Chemical Publishing, 1966.
  • Proctor NH, Hughes JP, Fischman ML. Chemical Hazards of the Workplace, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1988.
  • Rice DC, Gilbert SG. Early chronic low-level methylmercury poisoning in monkeys impairs spatial vision. Science 1982; 216: 759–761. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Rice DC, Gilbert SG. Effects of development exposure to methylmercury on spatial and temporal visual functions in monkeys. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1990; 102: 151–163. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Rosen E. A newly observed ophthalmologic occupational hazard in dentistry. Oral Surg 1950; 3: 1041–1043. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Rosen E. Mercurialentis. Am J Ophthalmol 1950; 33: 1287–1288. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Rustam H, Hamdi T. Methylmercury poisoning in Iraq. Brain 1974; 97: 499–510. [CSA]
  • Sabelaish S, Hilmi G. Ocular manifestations of mercury poisoning. Bull WHO 1976; 53(Suppl.):83–86. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Setogawa T. ERG of experimental pigmentary degeneration of the retina. Yonago Acta Med 1967; 11:262–269. (Zentralbl Ges Ophthalmol 1969; 101:152.) [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Shaw C, Mottet NK, Chen WJ. Effects of methylmercury on the visual system of rhesus macaque. Merigan and Weiss 123–134. [CSA]
  • Skerfving S, Vostal J. Symptoms and signs of poisoning. In: Friberg L, Vostal J, eds. Mercury in the Environment. Cleveland: CRC; 1972:93–108.
  • Skerfving S. Mercury. In: Aitio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H, eds. Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Washington: Hemisphere; 1984:29–40.
  • Sood GC, Sofat BK, Mehrotra SK, Chandel RD. Eye injury with mercuric chloride. Br J Ophthalmol 1972; 56: 687–689. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Sorsby A, Newhouse JP, Lucas DR. Experimental degeneration of the retina. Br J Ophthalmol 1957; 41: 309–312. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Spehar A. Mercury. In: Harbison RD, ed. Hamilton and Hardy's Industrial Toxicology, 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1998:84–96.
  • Square W. Optic neuritis in connexion with mercurial poisoning. Ophthalmol Hosp Rep 1867; 6:54. [CSA]
  • Stein HA, Slatt BJ, Stein RM. Ophthalmic Terminology, 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1992.
  • Takeuchi T. Biological reactions and pathological changes in human beings and animals caused by organic mercury contamination. In: Hartung R, Dinman BD, eds. Environmental Mercury Contamination. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor; 1927:247.
  • Tessier-Lavigne M, Mobbs P, Attwell D. Lead and mercury toxicity and the rod light response. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985; 26: 1117–1123. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Timbrell JA. Introduction to Toxicology, 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis, 1995.
  • Tsutsui J. Clinical and pathological studies of eye movement disorders in Minamata disease. Merigan and Weiss 187–202. [CSA]
  • Verity AM. Nervous system. In: Goyer RA, Klaassen CD, Waalkes MP, eds. Metal Toxicology. San Diego: Academic Press; 1995:199–236.
  • Walsh FB, Hoyt WF. Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1969.
  • Weiss B. The behavioral toxicology of metals. Fed Proc 1978; 37(Jan.):22–27. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Willes RF, Truelove JF, Nera EA. Neurotoxic response of infant monkeys to methylmercury. Toxicology 1978; 9: 125–135. [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Environmental health criteria 101: Methylmercury. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1990.
  • Yasutake H, Okamura R. Neuro-pathological study on superior colliculus of Minamata disease, especially chronic and prolonged cases. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1981; 85:915. [CSA]
  • Zelikoff JT, Thomas PT. Immunotoxicology of Environmental and Occupational Metals. London: Taylor & Francis, 1998.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.