Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fillet tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio): a systematic review, meta-analysis and risk assessment study

References

• Abtahi, M., et al., 2017. Heavy metals (As, Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni) concentrations in rice (Oryza sativa) from Iran and associated risk assessment: a systematic review. Toxin reviews, 36 (4), 331–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afshan, S., et al., 2014. Effect of different heavy metal pollution on fish. Research journal of chemical and environmental sciences, 2, 74–79.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, M.K., et al., 2016. Human health risks from heavy metals in fish of Buriganga river, Bangladesh. SpringerPlus, 5, 1697.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al Mukaimi, M.E., et al., 2018. Centennial record of anthropogenic impacts in Galveston Bay: Evidence from trace metals (Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn) and lignin oxidation products. Environmental pollution, 237, 887–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam, M., et al., 2002. A comparison of trace element concentrations in cultured and wild carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 53 (3), 348–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhashemi, A.H., et al., 2012. Bioaccumulation of trace elements in water, sediment, and six fish species from a freshwater wetland, Iran. Microchemical journal, 104, 1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alipour, H., and Banagar, G.R., 2018. Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in some edible fishes from Gorgan Bay. Iran. Iranian journal of fisheries sciences, 17, 21–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Shannag, M., et al., 2017. On the performance of Ballota Undulata biomass for the removal of cadmium (II) ions from water. Desalination and water treatment, 67, 223–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anual, Z.F., et al., 2018. Mercury and risk assessment from consumption of crustaceans, cephalopods and fish from West Peninsular Malaysia. Microchemical journal, 140, 214–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANZFA, 2011. Australian and New Zealand food standards code, standard 1.4.1-contaminants and natural toxicants (F2011C00542). https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00542 [Accessed 3 August 2015].
   Google Scholar
• Araújo, D.F., et al., 2017. Tracing of anthropogenic zinc sources in coastal environments using stable isotope composition. Chemical geology, 449, 226–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardakani, S.S., and Jafari, S.M., 2014. Assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in different tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) caught from Shirinsu Wetland, Western Iran. Journal of chemical health risks, 4, 15–25.
   Google Scholar
• Ardakani, S.S., and Jafari, S.M., 2015. Metals analysis in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Shirinsu Wetland, Hamedan province, Iran. Archives of hygiene sciences, 4, 15–32.
   Google Scholar
• Ariyaee, M., et al., 2015. Comparison of metal concentrations in the organs of two fish species from the Zabol Chahnimeh Reservoirs, Iran. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 94 (6), 715–721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandani, G.A., et al., 2011. Concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Zn, and Pb) in muscle and liver tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from coastal waters of Golestan Province. Iranian scientific fisheries journal, 19, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Basim, Y., and Khoshnood, Z., 2016. Target hazard quotient evaluation of cadmium and lead in fish from Caspian Sea. Toxicology and industrial health, 32 (2), 215–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Başyiğit, B., and Tekin-Özan, S., 2013. Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment, and tissues of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) from Karataş Lake related to physico-chemical parameters, fish size and seasons. Polish journal of environmental studies, 22, 633–644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, H., and Hu, Y., 2010. Lead (Pb) isotopic fingerprinting and its applications in lead pollution studies in China: a review. Environmental pollution, 158 (5), 1134–1146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission, E., 2006. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official journal of European Union, 364, 5–24.
   Google Scholar
• Dallinger, R., et al., 1987. Contaminated food and uptake of heavy metals by fish: a review and a proposal for further research. Oecologia, 73 (1), 91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djahed, B., et al., 2018. Stochastic exposure and health risk assessment of rice contamination to the heavy metals in the market of Iranshahr, Iran. Food and chemical toxicology, 115, 405–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahimi, M., and Taherianfard, M., 2010. Concentration of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic) in organs of two cyprinid fish (Cyprinus carpio and Capoeta sp.) from the Kor River (Iran). Environmental monitoring and assessment, 168 (1-4), 575–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EC, 2015. Commission Regulation (EC). Maximum levels for contaminants in food - EUR-Lex, 20–60. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3Al21290
   Google Scholar
• Elsagh, A., 2011. Determination of some heavy metals in Rutilus frisii Kutum and Cyprinus carpio fillet from south Caspian Sea. Veterinary journal, 5, 12–30.
   Google Scholar
• EPA, 1993. Reference dose (RfD): description and use in health risk assessments. https://www.epa.gov/iris/reference-dose-rfd-description-and-use-health-risk-assessments
   Google Scholar
• EPA, 2000. Risk-based concentration table. Philadelphia PA: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• EPA, 2004. Risk assessment guidance for superfund. Volume I: human health evaluation manual (part A). EPA/540/1-89/002.
   Google Scholar
• EPA, 2011. Exposure factors handbook: 2011 edition. EPA/600/R-09.
   Google Scholar
• EPA, 2012. Quantitative risk assessment calculations. Sustainable futures/P2 framework manual 2012 EPA-748-B12-001 13. Quantitative Risk Assessment Calculations, 13, 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• EPA, 2018. IRIS advanced search. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/search/index.cfm?keyword=pretilachlor+.
   Google Scholar
• EPA. 1989. Risk assessment guidance for superfund. Volume I: human health evaluation manual (part A). EPA/540/1-89/002.
   Google Scholar
• Fakhri, Y., et al., 2018. Concentrations of arsenic and lead in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Iran: a systematic review and carcinogenic risk assessment. Food and chemical toxicology, 113, 267–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fakhri, Y., et al., 2017. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment induced by heavy metals content of the bottled water in Iran. Toxin reviews, 36 (4), 313–321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallah, A.A., and Rahnama, M., 2009. Determination of copper, zinc and iron levels in edible muscle of three commercial fish species from Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea. Journal of animal and veterinary advances, 8, 1285–1288.
   Google Scholar
• Fallah, A.A., et al., 2011. Comparative study of heavy metal and trace element accumulation in edible tissues of farmed and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using ICP-OES technique. Microchemical journal, 98 (2), 275–279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallah, A.A., et al., 2011. Seasonal bioaccumulation of toxic trace elements in economically important fish species from the Caspian Sea using GFAAS. Journal Für verbraucherschutz und lebensmittelsicherheit, 6 (3), 367–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO-WHO, 2015. General standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed, 15–30. www.fao.org/input/download/standards/17/CXS_193e_2015.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fathabad, A.E., et al., 2018. Determination of heavy metal content of processed fruit products from Tehran’s market using ICP-OES: a risk assessment study. Food and chemical toxicology, 115, 436–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaneian, M.T., et al., 2017. Biosorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution onto pomegranate seeds: kinetic modeling studies. International journal of environmental science and technology, 14 (2), 331–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaneian, M.T., et al., 2014. Application of biosorption process by pomegranate seed powder in the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous environment. koomesh, 15, 206–211.
   Google Scholar
• Ghasemi, S.M., et al., 2017. Application of modified maize hull for removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Environment protection engineering, 43, 93–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghasemidehkordi, B., et al., 2018. Concentration of lead and mercury in collected vegetables and herbs from Markazi province, Iran: a non-carcinogenic risk assessment. Food and chemical toxicology, 113, 204–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gholami, M.M., et al., 2006. Application of reverse osmosis technology for arsenic removal from drinking water. Desalination, 200 (1–3), 725–727.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandjean, P., 1984. Human exposure to nickel. IARC scientific publications, 5(2), 469–485.
   Google Scholar
• Gu, Y.G., et al., 2017. Heavy metals in fish tissues/stomach contents in four marine wild commercially valuable fish species from the western continental shelf of South China Sea. Marine pollution bulletin, 114 (2), 1125–1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, Y.G., et al., 2015. Heavy metal concentrations in wild fishes captured from the South China Sea and associated health risks. Marine pollution bulletin, 96 (1–2), 508–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadiani, M.R., et al., 2015. Trace elements and heavy metals in mineral and bottled drinking waters on the Iranian market. Food additives and contaminants: part B, 8, 18–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidarieh, M., et al., 2013. Evaluate of heavy metal concentration in shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) and crab (Portunus pelagicus) with INAA method. SpringerPlus, 2 (1), 72–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heshmati, A., et al., 2017. Dietary exposure to toxic and essential trace elements by consumption of wild and farmed carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) in Iran. Chemosphere, 173, 207–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heshmati, A., et al., 2020. Concentration and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements, lead and cadmium, in vegetables and cereals consumed in Western Iran. Journal of food protection, 83 (1), 101–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heshmati, A., et al., 2019. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in muscle tissue of farmed Iranian rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), feed, and water samples collected from the west of Iran: a risk assessment study. Environmental science and pollution research, 26 (33), 34584–34593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J.P.T., and Thompson, S.G., 2002. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis. Statistics in medicine, 21 (11), 1539–1558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J.P., and Green, S., 2011. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, J., White, I.R., and Anzures‐Cabrera, J., 2008. Meta‐analysis of skewed data: combining results reported on log‐transformed or raw scales. Statistics in medicine, 27 (29), 6072–6092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IFOSY 2015. Fish consumption per capita in Iran Iranian fisheries organization statistical yearbook, 22–23.
   Google Scholar
• ISIRI 2010. Institute of standards and industrial research of Iran. Standard No. 12968: Food & feed-maximum limit of heavy metals. 1st ed. Tehran, Iran: The Institute of Standards & Industrial Research of Iran, 20–60.
   Google Scholar
• Janadeleh, H., and Kardani, M., 2016. Heavy metals concentrations and human health risk assessment for three common species of fish from Karkheh River, Iran. Iranian journal of toxicology, 10, 31–37.
   Google Scholar
• Keramati, H., et al., 2018. Radon 222 in drinking water resources of Iran: a systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic risk assessment (Monte Carlo simulation). Food and chemical toxicology, 115, 460–469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, A., et al., 2015. The uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by food plants, their effects on plants nutrients, and associated health risk: a review. Environmental science and pollution research, 22 (18), 13772–13799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khaneghah, A.M., et al., 2018a. Prevalence and concentration of ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and total aflatoxin in cereal-based products: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food and chemical toxicology, 118, 830–848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khaneghah, A.M., Fakhri, Y., and Sant’Ana, A.S., 2018b. Impact of unit operations during processing of cereal-based products on the levels of deoxynivalenol, total aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food chemistry, 268, 611–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khazaei, S.H., Ahmadi Alkoei, Z., and Shahriari, M., 2013. A survey of lead, nickel and cadmium concentration on consumable fish in Khorramshahr City. Jundishapur scientific medical journal, 12, 409–418.
   Google Scholar
• Khoshnamvand, M., Kaboodvandpour, S., and Ghiasi, F., 2013. A comparative study of accumulated total mercury among white muscle, red muscle and liver tissues of common carp and silver carp from the Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir in Iran. Chemosphere, 90 (3), 1236–1241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoshnamvand, M., et al., 2011. Comparison of total accumulated mercury in muscle tissues of common carp and silver carp in Sanandaj Gheshlagh reservoir. Journal of environmental studies, 36, 47–54.
   Google Scholar
• Khoshnood, R., 2014. Estimation of target hazard quotients for metals by consumption of fish in the North Coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of advances in environmental health research, 2, 5–13.
   Google Scholar
• Kuroki, T., et al., 2017. Legionella prevalence and risk of legionellosis in Japanese households. Epidemiology and infection, 145 (7), 1398–1408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushwaha, A., et al., 2018. A critical review on speciation, mobilization and toxicity of lead in soil-microbe-plant system and bioremediation strategies. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 147, 1035–1045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. H., et al., 2014. Efficient removal of arsenic using magnetic multi-granule nanoclusters. Bulletin of the Korean chemical society, 35 (2), 605–609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberati, A., et al., 2009. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS medicine, 6 (7), e1000100–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundebye, A.-K., et al., 2017. Lower levels of persistent organic pollutants, metals and the marine omega 3-fatty acid DHA in farmed compared to wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Environmental research, 155, 49–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majnoni, F., et al., 2013. Metal concentrations in tissues of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix from the Zarivar Wetland in Western Iran. Archives of polish fisheries, 21 (1), 11–18.
   Google Scholar
• Maktabi, P., et al., 2015. Mercury concentrations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) tissues, sediment and water from fish farm along the Karoun River in Iran. Urmia, Iran: Veterinary Research Forum. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 217.
   Google Scholar
• Maleki, A., et al., 2015. Health risk assessment of trace elements in two fish species of Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir, Iran. Toxicology and environmental health sciences, 7 (1), 43–49.
   Google Scholar
• Mandal, B.K., and Suzuki, K.T., 2002. Arsenic round the world: a review. Talanta, 58 (1), 201–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansouri, B., et al., 2014a. Bioaccumulation of mercury in some organs of two fish species from the Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir, Iran. Journal of advances in environmental health research, 2, 4–16.
   Google Scholar
• Mansouri, B., et al., 2014b. Bioaccumulation of mercury in some organs of two fish species from the Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir. Iran journal of advances in environmental health research, 2, 151–156.
   Google Scholar
• Mansouri, B., et al., 2017. Food risk assessment of heavy metals in consumption of common carp in Zarivar wetland. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 26, 201–205.
   Google Scholar
• Mansouri, B., et al., 2016. Bioaccumulation of cadmium, lead, chromium, copper, and zinc in freshwater fish species in Gharasou River in Kermanshah province, Iran, 2014. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 26, 150–158.
   Google Scholar
• Marrugo-Negrete, J., et al., 2015. Phytoremediation of mercury-contaminated soils by Jatropha curcas. Chemosphere, 127, 58–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miri, M., et al., 2017. Health risk assessment of heavy metal intake due to fish consumption in the Sistan region, Iran. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 189 (11), 583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montañez, J.C., et al., 2018. Zinc in an ultraoligotrophic lake food web. Environmental science and pollution research, 3 (2), 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Moradi, A., et al., 2020. The concentration, characteristics, and probabilistic health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in street dust: a case study of Kashan, Iran. Toxin reviews, 5, 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortazavi, A., et al., 2016. Heavy metals (mercury, lead and cadmium) determination in 17 species of fish marketed in Khorramabad city, West of Iran. Journal of chemical health risks, 6, 43–55.
   Google Scholar
• Nasehi, F., et al., 2013. Investigation of heavy metals accumulation in the sediment and body of carp fish in Aras River. Iranian journal of fisheries sciences, 12, 398–410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasrollahzadeh Saravi, H., et al., 2013. Heavy metal concentrations in edible tissue of Cyprinus carpio and its target hazard quotients in the Southern Iranian Caspian Sea Coast (2010). Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 23, 33–44.
   Google Scholar
• Nazaroff, W., and Alvarez-Cohen, L., 2001. Environmental engineering science. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Panahandeh, M., et al., 2014. A study of heavy metals concentration in water, sediments and Cyprinus carpio, Abramis brama, Carassius carassius species from Anzali wetland. International journal of biosciences (IJB), 4, 51–59.
   Google Scholar
• Park, D., et al., 2007. Reliable evidences that the removal mechanism of hexavalent chromium by natural biomaterials is adsorption-coupled reduction. Chemosphere, 70 (2), 298–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pazooki, J., Ghaffar Haddadi, F., and Abtahi, B., 2012. Comparison of heavy metal concentrations in skin and muscle tissues of wild and cultured carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the southeastern Caspian Sea area of Iran. Environmental sciences, 9, 51–58.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez-Marín, A., et al., 2007. Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto orange waste. Journal of hazardous materials, 139 (1), 122–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petkovšek, S.A.S., Grudnik, Z.M., and Pokorny, B., 2012. Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in ten fish species from the Šalek lakes (Slovenia): assessment of potential human health risk due to fish consumption. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 184, 2647–2662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourmoghaddas, H., and Shahryari, A., 2010. The concentration of lead, chromium, cadmium, nickel and mercury in three species of consuming fishes of Isfahan city. Health system research, 6, 30–35.
   Google Scholar
• Quan, H., and Zhang, J., 2003. Estimate of standard deviation for a log‐transformed variable using arithmetic means and standard deviations. Statistics in medicine, 22 (17), 2723–2736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmani, J., et al., 2018. A systematic review and meta-analysis of metal concentrations in canned tuna fish in Iran and human health risk assessment. Food and chemical toxicology, 118, 753–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmani, A., Ghaffari, H., and Samadi, M., 2010. Removal of arsenic (III) from contaminated waterby synthetic nano size zerovalent iron. World academy of science, engineering and technology, international journal of environmental, chemical, ecological, geological and geophysical engineering, 4, 96–99.
   Google Scholar
• Raissy, M., 2013. Determination of mercury in some freshwater fish species from Chahrmahal va Bakhtyari Province, Iran and potential limits for human consumption. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 91 (6), 667–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchooli Moghaddam, M., Rahdar, S., and Taghavi, M., 2016. Cadmium removal from aqueous solutions using saxaul tree ash. Iranian journal of chemistry and chemical engineering (IJCCE), 35, 45–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravi, S.S., et al., 2012. Evaluation of metal pollution in fish and water collected from Gorgan coast of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89, 419–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravi, S.S., and Shokrzadeh, M., 2013. Heavy metals contamination in water and three species of most consumed fish sampled from Caspian Sea, 2011. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 185, 10333–10337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, R., et al., 2007. Adsorption of chromium ions in activated carbon. Chemical engineering journal, 132 (1–3), 355–362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schümann, K., 2001. Safety aspects of iron in food. Annals of nutrition and metabolism, 45 (3), 91–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shadborestan, A., et al., 2013. Cadmium, lead and chromium contents in rice (champa) produced in the Mobarakeh county in 2009. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Science, 23, 122–127.
   Google Scholar
• Shahsavani, A., et al., 2017. Risk assessment of heavy metals bioaccumulation: fished shrimps from the Persian Gulf. Toxin reviews, 36 (4), 322–330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, S., et al., 2013. Arsenic binding to proteins. Chemical reviews, 113 (10), 7769–7792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shokrzadeh, M., and Saeedi Saravi, S., 2010. The study of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and chromium) in three species of most consumed fish sampled from Gorgan coast (Iran), 2008. Toxicological and environmental chemistry, 92 (1), 71–73.
   Google Scholar
• Sloth, J.J., Larsen, E.H., and Julshamn, K., 2005. Survey of inorganic arsenic in marine animals and marine certified reference materials by anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography − inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53 (15), 6011–6018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobhanardakani, S., and Jafari, S.M., 2014. Investigation of As, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 24, 184–195.
   Google Scholar
• Sobihah, N.N., et al., 2018. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in maricultured fish, Lates calcarifer (Barramudi), Lutjanus campechanus (red snapper) and Lutjanus griseus (grey snapper). Chemosphere, 197, 318–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solgi, E., and Galangashi, M.M., 2018. Assessing the health of marine and lacustrine wetland using measurement of heavy metals in fish species: case study from two Iranian international wetland (Gomishan and Zarivar). Environmental nanotechnology, monitoring & management, 10, 73–78.
   Google Scholar
• Swanson, C.A., 2003. Iron intake and regulation: implications for iron deficiency and iron overload. Alcohol, 30 (2), 99–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabatabaie, T., et al., 2011. Comparative study of mercury accumulation in two fish species, (Cyprinus carpio and Sander lucioperca) from Anzali and Gomishan wetlands in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 87 (6), 674–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taghavi, M., et al., 2015. Kinetic and isotherm modeling of Cd (II) adsorption by l-cysteine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as adsorbent. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 187 (11), 1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajdar-oranj, B., et al., 2018. The concentration of heavy metals in noodle samples from Iran’s market: probabilistic health risk assessment. Environmental science and pollution research, 25 (31), 30928–30937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uddin, M.M., et al., 2006. Slow arsenic poisoning of the contaminated groundwater users. International journal of environmental science and technology, 3 (4), 447–453.
   Google Scholar
• Varol, M., and Sünbül, M.R., 2017. Comparison of heavy metal levels of farmed and escaped farmed rainbow trout and health risk assessment associated with their consumption. Environmental science and pollution research, 24 (29), 23114–23124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ventura-Lima, J., Bogo, M.R., and Monserrat, J.M., 2011. Arsenic toxicity in mammals and aquatic animals: a comparative biochemical approach. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 74 (3), 211–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO, 1996. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Vol. 2, Health criteria and other supporting information. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Yildirim, Y., et al., 2009. Evaluation of trace heavy metal levels of some fish species sold at retail in Kayseri, Turkey. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 149 (1-4), 223–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousefi, M., et al., 2018. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content of edible vegetable oils in Iran: a risk assessment study. Food and chemical toxicology, 118, 480–489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafarzadeh, A., et al., 2018. Heavy metal (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) concentrations in the water and muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish and associated non-carcinogenic risk assessment: Alagol wetland in the Golestan, Iran. Toxin reviews, 37 (2), 154–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaw, M., and Emett, M.T., 2002. Arsenic removal from water using advanced oxidation processes. Toxicology letters, 133 (1), 113–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zazouli, M.A., et al., 2013. Cadmium removal from aqueous solutions using l-cysteine functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 23, 37–47.
   Google Scholar
• Zolfaghari, G., 2018. Risk assessment of mercury and lead in fish species from Iranian international wetlands. MethodsX, 5, 438–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar