Inbreeding levels of two Ustilago maydis populations

LITERATURE CITED

• Agrios GN. 1997. Plant pathology. 4th ed. San Diego, California: Academic Press. 635 p.
   Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M. 1996. Introductory mycology. New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 869 p.
   Google Scholar
• Analytical Software. 1998. Statistix for windows. Version 2.0, user’s manual. Siegel J, ed. Tallahassee, Florida: Analytical Software. 319 p.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews DL, Egan JD, Mayorga ME, Gold SE. 2000. The Ustilago maydis ubc4 and ubc5 genes encode members of a MAP kinase cascade required for filamentous growth. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 7:781–786.
   Google Scholar
• Anikster Y, Szabo LJ, Eilam T, Manisterski J, Koike ST, Bushnell WR. 2004. Morphology, life cycle biology, and DNA sequence analysis of rust on garlic and chives from California. Phytopathology 94:569–577.
   Google Scholar
• Banuett F, Herskowitz I. 1996. Discrete developmental stages during teliospore formation in the corn smut fungus, Ustilago maydis. Development 122:2965–2976.
   Google Scholar
• ——— 1995. Genetics of Ustilago maydis, a fungal pathogen that induces tumors in maize. Annu Rev Genet 29: 179–208.
   Google Scholar
• Burt A, Carter DA, Koenig GL, White TJ, Taylor JW. 1996. Molecular markers reveal cryptic sex in the human pathogen Coccidioides immitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:770–773.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen JJ. 1963. Corn smut caused by Ustilago maydis. Monograph No. 2. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society. 41 p.
   Google Scholar
• Galinat WC. 1992. Evolution of corn. Adv Agron 47:203–231.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Guzman G, Burdon JJ, Ash JE, Cunningham RB. 1996. Regional and local patterns in the spatial distribution of the flower-infecting smut fungus Sporisorium amphilophis in natural populations of its host Bothriochloa macra. New phytol 132:459–469.
   Google Scholar
• Garr SS, Hughes C, Welch J, Brown SA, Perlin MH. 1997. Correlation of haplotypes of a fungal plant pathogen with their respective host species of origin. Plant dis 81:936–941.
   Google Scholar
• Gillissen B, Bergemann J, Sandmann C, Schroeer B, Bolker M, Kahmann R. 1992. A two-component regulatory system for self/non-self recognition in Ustilago maydis. Cell 68:647–657.
   Google Scholar
• Hartl DL, Clark AG. 1997. Principles of population genetics. 3rd ed. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates Inc. 542 p.
   Google Scholar
• Hartmann HA, Krüger J, Lottspeich F, Kahmann R. 1999. Environmental signals controlling sexual development of the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis through the transcriptional regulator Pfr1. Plant Cell 11:1293–1305.
   Google Scholar
• Immer FR, Christensen JJ. 1928. Influence of environmental factors on the seasonal prevalence of corn smut. Phytopathology 18:599–602.
   Google Scholar
• Krauss SL. 2000. Accurate gene diversity estimates from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Mol Ecol 9:1241–1245.
   Google Scholar
• Levene H. 1949. On a matching problem in genetics. Ann Math Stat 20:91–94.
   Google Scholar
• Potter AA, Melchers LE. 1925. Study of the life history and ecologic relations of the smut of maize. J Agr Res 30: 161–173.
   Google Scholar
• Rowell JB, DeVay JE. 1954. Genetics of Ustilago zeae in relation to basic problems of its pathogenicity. Phytopathology 44:356–362.
   Google Scholar
• Shurtleff MC. 1980. Compendium of corn diseases. 2nd ed. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society Press. 105 p.
   Google Scholar
• Slatkin M, Barton NH. 1989. A comparison of three indirect methods for estimating average levels of gene flow. Evolution 43:1349–1368.
   Google Scholar
• Snetselaar KM, Mims CW. 1992. Sporidial fusion and infection of maize seedlings by the smut fungus Ustilago maydis. Mycologia 84:193–203.
   Google Scholar
• ———, ——— 1993. Infection of Maize stigmas by Ustilago maydis: light and electron microscopy. Phytopathology 83:843–850.
   Google Scholar
• ———, ——— 1994. Light and electron microscopy of Ustilago maydis hyphae in maize. Mycol Res 98:347–355.
   Google Scholar
• Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. 1981. Biometry. 2nd ed. San Francisco, California: W.H. Freeman and Co. 859 p.
   Google Scholar
• Swofford DL. 2001. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. 128 p.
   Google Scholar
• Thrall PH, Biere A, Antonovics J. 1993. Plant life history and disease susceptibility—the occurrence of Ustilago violacea on different species within the Caryophyllaceae. J Ecol 81:489–498.
   Google Scholar
• Valverde ME, Vandemark GJ, Martinez O, Paredes-Lopez O. 2000. Genetic diversity of Ustilago maydis strains. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 16:49–55.
   Google Scholar
• Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, van de Lee T, Hornes M, Frijters A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kuiper M, Zabeau M. 1995. AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res 23:4407–4414.
   Google Scholar
• Wahlund S. 1928. Composition of populations from the perspective of the theory of heredity. Hereditas 11:65–105.
   Google Scholar
• Webster J. 1980. Introduction to fungi. 2nd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 669 p.
   Google Scholar
• Weir BS. 1979. Inferences about linkage disequilibrium. Biometrics 35:235–254.
   Google Scholar
• Wright S. 1965. The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating. Evolution 19:395–420.
   Google Scholar
• ——— 1978. Evolution and the genetics of populations. Vol. 4. Variability within and among natural populations. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 580 p.
   Google Scholar
• Xu JR. 2000. MAP kinase in fungal pathogens. Fungal Genet Biol 31:137–152.
   Google Scholar
• Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle TBJ, Ye Z, Xiyan JM. 1997. POP-GENE, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Edmonton, Canada: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Canada. 28 p.
   Google Scholar
• Zambino PJ. 2002. Dry grinding at near-ambient temperatures for extracting DNA from rust and other fungal spores. Bio Techniques 33:48–51.
   Google Scholar
• ———, Groth JV, Lukens L, Garton JR, May G. 1997. Variation at the b mating type locus of Ustilago maydis. Phytopathology 87:1233–1239.
   Google Scholar