References
- Alexander , C. 1976 . What Does a Representative Represent? . Social Work , 21 ( l ) : 5 – 9 .
- Arnstein , S. R. 1969 . A ladder of citizen participation . Journal of the American Institute of Planners , 35 ( 4 ) : 215 – 224 .
- Baum , H. S. 1999 . Community organizations recruiting community participation: Predicaments in planning . Journal of Planning, Education and Research , 18 : 187 – 199 .
- Bolen , R. S. 1980 . The practitioner as theorist: The phenomenology of the professional episode . Journal of the American Planning Association , 46 ( 3 ) : 261 – 274 .
- Burke , E. M. 1975 . “ Citizen participation strategies ” . In Readings in Community Organization Practice , Edited by: Kramer , R. M. and Specht , H. 196 – 207 . Englewood Cliffs : Prentice-Hall .
- Creighton , J. L. 1983 . “ An overview to the research conference on public involvement and social impact assessment ” . In Public Involvement and Social Impact Assessment , Edited by: Daneke , G. A. , Garcia , M. W. and Priscoli , J. Boulder : Westview .
- Dahl , R. A. 1989 . Democracy and Its Critics , New Haven : Yale University Press .
- Daley , J. M. and Kettner , P. M. 1981 . Bargaining in community development . Journal of the Community Development Society , 12 ( 2 ) : 25 – 38 .
- Daley , J. M. and Angulo , J. 1990 . People-centered community planning . Journal of the Community Development Society , 21 ( 2 ) : 103 – 288 .
- Emery , M. and Purser , R. E. 1996 . The Search Conference , San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
- Estrella , M. and Gaventa , J. 2000 . Who Counts Reality? Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation: A Literature Review , Sussex : Institute for Development Studies . IDS Working Paper #70
- Flora , C. B. , Spears , J. , Swanson , L. , Flora , J. L. and Weinberg , M. L. 1992 . Rural Communities: Legacy and Change , Boulder : Westview .
- Gaventa , J. 1993 . “ The powerful, the powerless, and the experts: Knowledge struggles in an information age ” . In Voices of Change , Edited by: Park , P. , Brydon-Miller , M. , Hall , B. and Jackson , T. 21 – 39 . Westport : Bergin & Garvey .
- Greenwood , D. and Levin , M. 1998 . Introduction to Action Research , Thousand Oaks : Sage .
- Hall , B. L. 1992 . From margin to center? The development and purpose of participatory research . The American Sociologist , 23 ( 4 ) : 15 – 28 .
- Hanna , K. S. 2000 . The paradox of participation and the hidden role of information: A case study . Journal of the American Planning Association , 66 ( 4 ) : 398 – 410 .
- Hiebert , W. and Swan , D. 1999 . Positively fit: A case study in community development and the role of participatory action research . Community Development Journal , 34 ( 4 ) : 356 – 364 .
- Honadle , B. W. 1996 . Participatory research for public issues education: A strategic approach to a municipal consolidation study . Journal of the Community Development Society , 27 ( 1 ) : 56 – 77 .
- Jones , B. and Silva , J. 1991 . Problem solving, community building, and systems interaction: An integrated practice model for community development . Journal of the Community Development Society , 22 ( 2 ) : 1 – 21 .
- Keough , N. 1998 . Participatory development principals and practice: Reflections of a western development worker . Community Development Journal , 33 ( 3 ) : 187 – 196 .
- Mishra , S. N. , Sharma , N. and Sharma , K. 1984 . Participation and Development , Delhi : NBO Publishers' Distributors .
- Morrissey , J. 2000 . Indicators of citizen participation: Lessons from learning teams in rural EZ/EC communities . Community Development Journal , 35 ( l ) : 59 – 74 .
- Park , P. 1993 . “ What is participatory research? A theoretical and methodological perspective ” . In Voices of Change , Edited by: Park , P. , Brydon-Miller , M. , Hall , B. and Jackson , T. 1 – 19 . Westport : Bergin & Garvey .
- Pelletier , D. , Kraak , V. , McCullum , C. , Uusitalo , U. and Rich , R. 1999 . The shaping of collective values through deliberative democracy: An empirical study from New York's North Country . Policy Studies , 23 : 103 – 131 .
- Rocha , E. M. 1997 . A ladder of empowerment . Journal of Planning, Education and Research , 17 : 31 – 44 .
- Schön , Donald A. 1983 . The Reflective Practitioner , New York : Basic Books .
- Walzer , N. and Deller , S. 1996 . “ Rural issues and trends: The role of strategic visioning programs ” . In Community Strategic Visioning Programs , Edited by: Walzer , N. 1 – 20 . Westport : Praeger .
- Widmer , C. 1987 . Minority participation on boards of directors of human service agencies: Some evidence and suggestions . Journal of Voluntary^ Action Research , 16 ( 4 ) : 33 – 44 .