Analytical Derivation of Seismic Fragility Curves for Historical Masonry Structures Based on Stochastic Analysis of Uncertain Material Parameters

References

• Acito, M., M. Bocciarelli, C. Chesi, and G. Milani. 2014. ‘Collapse of the clock tower in Finale Emilia after the May 2012 Emilia Romagna earthquake sequence: Numerical insight. Engineering Structures. Elsevier Ltd 72 (May 2012):70–91. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.026.
   Google Scholar
• Applied Technology Council (ATC). 2009. ATC-58, Guidelines for Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings, Applied Technology Council. Redwood City, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Atamturktur, S., F. M. Hemez, and J. A. Laman. 2012. Uncertainty quantification in model verification and validation as applied to large scale historic masonry monuments. Engineering Structures 43:221–34. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.05.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballio, F., and A. Guadagnini. 2004. Convergence assessment of numerical Monte Carlo simulations in groundwater hydrology. Water Resources Research 40 (4):1–5. doi:10.1029/2003WR002876.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartoli, G., M. Betti, L. Facchini, A. M. Marra, and S. Monchetti. 2017. Bayesian model updating of historic masonry towers through dynamic experimental data. Procedia Engineering 199:1258–63. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.267.
   Google Scholar
• Bažant, Z. P., and B. Oh. 1983. Crack band theory for fracture of concrete. Materials and Structures 16:155–77. doi:10.1007/BF02486267.
   Google Scholar
• Bosiljkov, V., D. D’Ayala, and V. Novelli. 2015. Evaluation of uncertainties in determining the seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings in Slovenia: Use of macro-element and structural element modelling. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13:311–29. doi:10.1007/s10518-014-9652-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracchi, S., M. Rota, A. Penna, and G. Magenes. 2015. Consideration of modelling uncertainties in the seismic assessment of masonry buildings by equivalent-frame approach. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13:3423–48. doi:10.1007/s10518-015-9760-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracchi, S., M. Rota, G. Magenes, and A. Penna. 2016. Seismic assessment of masonry buildings accounting for limited knowledge on materials by Bayesian updating. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 14:2273–97. doi:10.1007/s10518-016-9905-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellazzi, G., A. M. D’Altri, S. de Miranda, and F. Ubertini. 2017. An innovative numerical modeling strategy for the structural analysis of historical monumental buildings. Engineering Structures. Elsevier Ltd 132:229–48. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.11.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CNR-DT 212/2013. 2014. Guide for the Probabilistic Assessment of the Seismic Safety of Existing Buildings. Italy: Rome.
   Google Scholar
• Comisión Permanente de Normas Sismo resistentes. 2002. Norma de construcción sismo resistente NCSE-02, Real Decreto 997/2002, Spanish Ministry of Public Works, [in Spanish]. Madrid, Spain: Spanish Ministry of Public Works (Ministerio de Fomento).
   Google Scholar
• Contrafatto, F. R. 2017. Vulnerability assessment of monumental masonry structures including uncertainty. Barcelona, Spain: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.
   Google Scholar
• D’Ayala, D. F., and A. Ansal. 2012. Non linear pushover assessment of heritage buildings in Istanbul to define seismic risk. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 10 (1):285–306. doi:10.1007/s10518-011-9311-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DIANA FEA BV. 2017. DIsplacement method ANAlyser (DIANA FEA), release 10.1, Delft, Netherlands. Delft, Netherlands: DIANA FEA BV.
   Google Scholar
• EN 1998-1 (Eurocode 8). 2003. Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 1 General rules seismic actions and rules for buildings. Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Standardisation.
   Google Scholar
• Fajfar, P. 1999. Capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand spectra. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 28 (9):979–93. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199909)28:9<979::AID-EQE850>3.0.CO;2-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2010. HAZUS-MH MR4: Technical Manual, Vol. Earthquake Model. Washington DC: FEMA.
   Google Scholar
• Fontserè, E. 1971. Recopilació de dades sísmiques de les terres catalanes entre 1100 i 1906. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya.
   Google Scholar
• Franchin, P., L Ragni, M Rota, A. Zona. 2018. Modelling uncertainties of Italian code-conforming structures for the purpose of seismic response analysis modelling uncertainties of Italian code-conforming structures for the purpose of seismic response analysis. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 22 (sup 2):1964–1989. doi:10.1080/13632469.2018.1527262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franchin, P., P. E. Pinto, and P. Rajeev. 2010. Confidence Factor? Journal of Earthquake Engineering 14 (7):989–1007. doi:10.1080/13632460903527948.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González, R. 2008. Construction process, damage and structural analysis. Two case studies.. In Structural analysis of historic construction: Preserving safety and significance, ed. D’Ayala, D. and Fodde, E., 643–51. Bath: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Graf, W., M. Götz, and M. Kaliske. 2015. Analysis of dynamical processes under consideration of polymorphic uncertainty. Structural Safety 52:194–201. doi:10.1016/j.strusafe.2014.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Federation for Structural Concrete. 2013. CEB-FIP model code 2010, final draft. Technical Report. Lausanne: Fédération Internationale du Béton (fib).
   Google Scholar
• Irizzary, I. P. 2004. An advanced approach to seismic risk assessment. Application to the cultural heritage and the urban system of Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC-BarcelonaTech).
   Google Scholar
• Jalayer, F., I. Iervolino, and G. Manfredi. 2010. Structural modeling uncertainties and their influence on seismic assessment of existing RC structures. Structural Safety. Elsevier Ltd 32 (3):220–28. doi:10.1016/j.strusafe.2010.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagomarsino, S., and S. Cattari. 2014a. Fragility Functions of Masonry Buildings. In SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk, ed. K. Pitilakis, H. Crowley, and A. Kaynia, 111–56. Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7872-6_5.
   Google Scholar
• Lagomarsino, S., and S. Cattari. 2014b. PERPETUATE guidelines for seismic performance-based assessment of cultural heritage masonry structures. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13 (1):13–47. doi:10.1007/s10518-014-9674-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagomarsino, S., and S. Giovinazzi. 2006. Macroseismic and mechanical models for the vulnerability and damage assessment of current buildings. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 4 (4):415–43. doi:10.1007/s10518-006-9024-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagomarsino, S., and S. Resemini. 2009. The Assessment of Damage Limitation State in the Seismic Analysis of Monumental Buildings. Earthquake Spectra 25 (2):323–46. doi:10.1193/1.3110242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lourenço, P. B. 2009. Recent Advances in Masonry Modelling: Micromodelling and Homogenisation. Multiscale Modeling in Solid Mechanics: Computational Approaches 251–94. doi:10.1142/9781848163089_0006.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, P. 2008. Barcelona, Església de Santa Maria del Mar-PM 15932, Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Barcelona,_Església_de_Santa_Maria_del_Mar-PM_15932.jpg.
   Google Scholar
• MIT. 2009. Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Transporti (M.I.T) Circolare 2 febbraio 2009, n. 617, Istruzioni per l’applicazione delle “Nuove norme tecniche per le costruzioni” di cui al decreto ministeriale 14 gennaio 2008. Rome, Italy: Ministry of Infrastructures and Transport (MIT).
   Google Scholar
• Mouroux, P., and B. Le Brun. 2006. Presentation of RISK-UE project. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 4 (4):323–39. doi:10.1007/s10518-006-9020-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murcia, J. 2008. Seismic Analysis of Santa Maria del Mar Church in Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.
   Google Scholar
• Ortega, J., G. Vasconcelos, H. Rodrigues, and M. Correia. 2018. Assessment of the efficiency of traditional earthquake resistant techniques for vernacular architecture. Engineering Structures. Elsevier 173 (February):1–27. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.101.
   Google Scholar
• Pagnini, L. C., R. Vicente, S. Lagomarsino, and H. Varum. 2011. A mechanical model for the seismic vulnerability assessment of old masonry buildings. Earthquakes and Structures. Techno-Press 2 (1):25–42. doi:10.12989/eas.2011.2.1.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parisi, F., and N. Augenti. 2012. Uncertainty in Seismic Capacity of Masonry Buildings. Buildings 2:218–30. doi:10.3390/buildings2030218.
   Google Scholar
• Park, J., P. Towashiraporn, J. I. Craig, and B. J. Goodno. 2009. Seismic fragility analysis of low-rise unreinforced masonry structures. Engineering Structures. Elsevier Ltd 31 (1):125–37. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.07.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelà, L., J. Bourgeois, P. Roca, M. Cervera, and M. Chiumenti. 2016. Analysis of the Effect of Provisional Ties on the Construction and Current Deformation of Mallorca Cathedral. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. Taylor & Francis 10 (4):418–37. doi:10.1080/15583058.2014.996920.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petromichelakis, Y., S. Saloustros, and L. Pelà. 2014. Seismic assessment of historical masonry construction including uncertainty. In 9th International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2014, ed. Cunha, Á., Caetano, E., Ribeiro, P., and Müller, G., 297–304. Porto: Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Roca, P., A. Vacas, R. Cuzzilla, J. Murcia-Delso, and A. Das. 2009. Assessment and strengthening of historical stone masonry structures subjected to seismic action. Proceedings of the ISCARSAH Symposium Mostar-09, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, July 12.
   Google Scholar
• Roca, P., M. Cervera, L. Pelà, R. Clemente, and M. Chiumenti. 2013. Continuum FE models for the analysis of Mallorca Cathedral. Engineering Structures. Elsevier Ltd 46:653–70. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.08.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rota, M., A. Penna, and G. Magenes. 2010. A methodology for deriving analytical fragility curves for masonry buildings based on stochastic nonlinear analyses. Engineering Structures. Elsevier Ltd 32 (5):1312–23. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.01.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rota, M., A. Penna, and G. Magenes. 2014. A framework for the seismic assessment of existing masonry buildings accounting for different sources of uncertainty. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 43:1045–66. doi:10.1002/eqe.2386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saloustros, S., L. Pelà, F. R. Contrafatto, P. Roca, and I. Petromichelakis. 2019. Vulnerability assessment of monumental masonry structures including uncertainty. In Structural analysis of historical constructions - An interdisciplinary approach, ed. Aguilar, R., et al., 1219–28. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_131.
   Google Scholar
• Saloustros, S., L. Pelà, P. Roca, and J. Portal. 2014. Numerical analysis of structural damage in the church of the Poblet monastery. Engineering Failure Analysis. Elsevier Ltd 48:41–61. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.10.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simões, A., J. Milošević, H. Meireles, R. Bento, S. Cattari, and S. Lagomarsino. 2015. Fragility curves for old masonry building types in Lisbon. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13 (10):3083–105. doi:10.1007/s10518-015-9750-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snoj, J., and M. Dolšek. 2011. Simplified probabilistic seismic performance assessment of masonry buildings with consideration of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2011, Leuven, Belgium.
   Google Scholar
• Sykora, M., and M. Holicky. 2010. Probabilistic model for masonry strength of existing structures. Engineering Mechanics 17 (1):61–70.
   Google Scholar
• Tondelli, M., M. Rota, A. Penna, and G. Magenes. 2012. Evaluation of Uncertainties in the Seismic Assessment of Existing Masonry Buildings. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 16 (sup1):36–64. doi:10.1080/13632469.2012.670578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vamvatsikos, D., and M. Fragiadakis. 2010. Incremental dynamic analysis for estimating seismic performance sensitivity and uncertainty. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 39:141–63. doi:10.1002/eqe.935.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanin, F., D. Zaganelli, A. Penna, and K. Beyer. 2017. Estimates for the stiffness, strength and drift capacity of stone masonry walls based on 123 quasi-static cyclic tests reported in the literature. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. Springer Netherlands (August) 15:5435–79. doi:10.1007/s10518-017-0188-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vendrell, M., P. Giràldez, F. Caballé, R. González, and P. Roca. 2007. La Basílica de Santa Maria del Mar. Barcelona, Spain: Study of the Construction and History, Construction Materials and Structural Stability. (in Catalan).
   Google Scholar
• Vlachakis, G., M. Cervera, G. B. Barbat, and S. Saloustros. 2019. Out-of-plane seismic response and failure mechanism of masonry structures using finite elements with enhanced strain accuracy. Engineering Failure Analysis. Pergamon 97:534–55. doi:10.1016/J.ENGFAILANAL.2019.01.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar